scholarly journals Looking into the Future : How to Use Advanced Statistical Methods for Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes in Routine Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Uckelstam
Author(s):  
Simon Mays

Classically, the study of skeletal growth in earlier human populations has involved the study of long-bone lengths versus dental age, making comparisons between archaeological groups or between archaeological and modern populations. Although this continues to be an important avenue of scholarly enquiry in archaeological growth studies, some important new directions have recently been explored. There has also been an increased diversity to the statistical methods used to model and investigate skeletal growth in archaeological populations, and increased recognition of some of the limitations of growth studies using archaeological populations. This chapter outlines developments in these areas and discusses prospects for the future of archaeological studies of human skeletal growth.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238146832096378
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Barton ◽  
Marleen Kunneman ◽  
Ian Hargraves ◽  
Annie LeBlanc ◽  
Juan P. Brito ◽  
...  

Despite the evolving evidence in favor of shared decision making (SDM) and of decades-long calls for its adoption, SDM remains uncommon in routine care. Reflecting on this lack of progress, we sought to reimagine the future of SDM and the path to take us there. In late 2017, a multidisciplinary and international group of six researchers were challenged by a senior SDM scholar to envision the future and, based on a provocatively critical view of the present, to write letters to themselves from the year 2028. Letters were exchanged and discussed electronically. The group then met in person to discuss the letters. Since the letters painted a dystopian picture, they triggered questions about the nature of SDM, who should benefit from SDM, how to measure its contribution to care, and what new ways can be invented to design and test interventions to implement SDM in routine care. Through contrasting the purposefully generated dystopias with an ideal future for SDM, we generated reflections on a research agenda for SDM. These reflections hinged on recognizing SDM’s contributing to care, that is, as a way to advance the problematic human situation of patients. These focused on three distinct yet complimentary contributors to SDM: 1) the process of making decisions, 2) humanistic communication, and 3) fit-to-care of the resulting decision. The group then concluded that to move SDM from envisioned to routine practice, and to ensure it reaches all, particularly persons rendered vulnerable by current forms of health care, a substantial investment in implementation research is necessary. Perhaps the discussion of these reflections can contribute to a path forward that will improve the likelihood of the future we dream for SDM.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1749
Author(s):  
Fathi Mohsen Shamma ◽  
Alia Kassem

Voluntarily work is very significant. Due to the significance of such work, the researchers explored the attitudes of outstanding students at the Arab Academic College for Education in Israel and students at other colleges in Israel towards voluntarily work during the COVID-19 crisis. Students filled in two scales. The first scale included 34 items. It collected data on the motives of volunteering. The second scale involved 10 items. It collected data about the benefits of volunteering in the future. The researchers used quantitative research methods. Data were collected from 100 students. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the feelings of outstanding students at the Arab college and other excellent students in other colleges; they feel that by volunteering they express their values and talents, and that they are granted independency in making decisions and salient reasons for volunteering: creating a better society, meeting the expectations of the programme coordinator, feeling good, volunteering in a field in which they will closely engage in the future and identifying the goals of the programme and the project in which they are participating. Keywords: Volunteering, outstanding students, Arab Academic College for Education, COVID-19


2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-863
Author(s):  
Jelena Božilović ◽  
Jelena Petković

The paper deals with the discussion of cities from a socio-ecological perspective, from the standpoint of health and quality of life from the time of the first industrialisation to the current social crisis. Rethinking the connection between health and life in the city in modern social theory has resulted in new constructive concepts of the city, and some ideas of such concepts in the current situation may be guidelines for the development of cities of the future. The second segment of the paper is based on the analysis of selected results of the broader empirical research conducted in 2020 by anonymous online survey and applying comparative-analytical and statistical methods. The respondents' views on the quality of life in the city and countryside at the time of the pandemic generally show that, despite the fact that the respondents evaluate the countryside more positively than the city, their attitude is such that minority of them agree with the fact that the experience with the pandemic will direct people to life outside cities in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Jamshid Kobulov ◽  
Jamshid Barotov

The results of the analysis of the delivery time of loaded wagons were determined by mathematical-statistical methods. The delivery time of the wagon shipment was considered in the example of a shipment with a transport distance of 200, 650, 1000 km of the processing process based on the mathematical-statistical method. According to the law of normal distribution, the accuracy of the approximation of the delivery time is determined by V.I. In an examination using the Romanovsky criterion, it was proved that it would be taken into account in the future. The proposed time delivery technology is based on illustrative data on the completion of a specific delivery time provided to the team by determining a coefficient that considers various factors for the next period, i.e., this coefficient determines the daily distance traveled by the wagon for the next period.


Author(s):  
Rafat M. S. El-Ewadi

The study aimed to get to know the Degree check of the future role of the Pre-service teachers Palestinian universities based on the employment of modern technological innovations in their view, For achieving the study objectives, the researcher has developed a questionnaire consists of (62) paragraphs, whereas the study population consists of (794) students from the Palestinian Universities, and hired a researcher statistical methods (SPSS) .The study found that the Degree check of the future role of the Pre-service teachers Palestinian universities based on the employment of modern technological innovations from the perspective of students' ability (3.52), a with a relative weight (70.3%) among the study sample. The findings revealed that there were no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) in the future role of Pre-service teachers Palestinian universities based on the employment of modern technological innovations as seen by university Pre-service teachers the Gaza Strip due to the variable sex (male, female), and variable university in both (Al-Azhar and Al-Aqsa); while no statistically significant due to the variable university estimate differences, there is a difference in the degree of response among the study sample attributed to (excellent / very good). The study made a number of recommendations and suggestions.


Author(s):  
Liudmyla DEMCHENKO ◽  

Introduction. Theoretical research allowed to determine that the solution to the problem of forming the readiness of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children should be based on innovation, activity, connection with future professional activities, creativity of specialist training. Therefore, it was expedient to create and introduce an author's model of forming the readiness of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children. The purpose of the article. To present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the state of training of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children after the experimental implementation of the model of formation of such readiness. Methods. Theoretical methods: systematic analysis of scientific, psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature; generalization and systematization of theoreti cal information on professional training, statistical methods (Student's methods). Results. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed model of forming the readiness of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children at the level of 0.05 for each of the indicators: positive dynamics of the levels of readiness of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy of preschool children in EG is statistically higher and is characterized by the need for self-development of future bachelors in physical therapy, occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children, mastering the system of knowledge and skills to apply rehabilitation practices in physical rehabilitation of preschool children, the need for continuous professional development. Implementation of the model of formation of readiness of the future specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children has the greatest impact on the development of personal and activity components, which is confirmed by the dynamics of relevant indicators. Originality. Modern conditions of professional training of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children determine the structure, content, principles and features of this process, based on which we have defined a set of criteria for describing and determining the levels of professional readiness of future specialists occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children. Therefore, we have identified theoretical, praxeological and individual-psychological criteria for the formation of professional readiness of the future specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children. Based on the criteria that characterize the professional readiness of future specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children, we can conclude about the level of development of this characteristic in the training process. Conclusions. The pedagogical experiment showed the effectiveness of the proposed model of forming the readiness of the future specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy for physical rehabilitation of preschool children, which is confirmed by statistical methods (Student's methods) at a significance level of 0.05


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Jessika Hu ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
Susan Clifford ◽  
Jo Said

Abstract Focus and outcomes for participants “Children are our future” - the wellbeing of our future adults will influence the future of the world. However, this generation of children and mid-life adults face increasing rates of complex health and development problems, and many of them are preventable. Traditional research approaches are not keeping pace with need. Discovery and testing of solutions is blocked by the lack of fast, cheap, large-scale, low burden and effective ways to conduct research for the population and its many subgroups. Innovation in epidemiological methods is required to deliver large scale studies of unprecedented scale and scope. These will support research that enables better prevention, prediction and treatment – all of which are needed to solve today’s pressing child and adult health problems. This 90-minute symposium will draw on the forthcoming Generation Victoria (GenV) to illustrate innovative epidemiological methods established in its foundation phase to enable large-scale studies. GenV is designed to address physical, mental and social issues experienced during childhood and mid-adulthood, as well as the antecedents of a wide range of diseases of ageing. Parents of all newborns (estimated. 170,000) in the state of Victoria (population 6.5 million), Australia, will be approached from 2021 for two full years. Following consent, GenV proposes to bank biosamples collected during routine care, link to administrative and clinical data, and directly collect parent and child data using interactive electronic interfaces with the potential for face-to-face assessment during the school years. Encompassing clinical trials, registries, health services and geospatial as well as discovery research, GenV’s initial focus will be on pregnancy and newborns, reaching into regional and rural communities and traditionally hard-to-reach groups in sizeable numbers. Permission will be sought to link trials, registries, and health services research with existing pre- and post-birth administrative and electronic health record datasets, and also to bank biospecimens collected during routine care. We will discuss why innovation is essential to the next wave of large-scale studies such as GenV, and share practical examples of method innovations being developed within GenV. We will forecast the opportunities and challenges of large-scale studies for improving wellbeing and reducing the disease burden with children and adults. Focus: Outcomes: Rationale for the symposium, including for its inclusion in the Congress The future wellbeing and productivity of our societies depend on wellbeing and good health of our children and adults. However, today’s children and mid-life adults are facing both old and new challenges. Traditional research approaches have largely failed to deliver progress towards solving these challenges. For example, most existing cohorts only allow for observational follow up, and children are greatly under-represented in gold-standard clinical trials, which leads to less evidence to children’s treatment and prevention. Multi-purpose, low burden, high up-take innovative large studies are required to address these gaps. GenV seeks to generate translatable evidence (prediction, prevention, treatments, and services) to improve future wellbeing and reduce the future disease burden of children and adults. It will allow researchers, clinicians and policy makers to better understand the issues affecting Victorian children and their families with greater speed and precision, and therefore outcomes be translated more quickly into practice. Also it will help facilitate an environment where researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and other organisations can come together to enact change for future generations’ wellbeing. With this symposium, we intend to share our reflections on how the scale of cohort studies is changing, and showcase new trends in research design. The GenV team will then show how we practically achieve innovation in large-study methodology and design, with the aim of encouraging others to think ambitiously at large-scale. We will share our intentions and rationale for these innovations as well as the challenges. The symposium is designed to spark a discussion with the audience, seeking their reflections and suggestions on shaping our innovations. Finally, we aim to encourage researchers (especially early career researchers) to exchange their vision and views on innovations and methods for cohort studies. Presentation program (90 minutes) Names of presenters Prof Melissa Wake, Dr Susan Clifford, Dr Yanhong Jessika Hu, A/Prof Jo Said, Dr Joan Leong, Dr Suzanne Mavoa.


Author(s):  
Christine A. March ◽  
Radhika Muzumdar ◽  
Ingrid Libman

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries relaxed restrictions on telemedicine, allowing for a robust transition to virtual visits for routine care. In response, centers rapidly instituted and scaled telemedicine for pediatric diabetes care. Despite numerous center reports on their experience, little is known about parent perspectives on the widespread increase of telemedicine for pediatric diabetes appointments.ObjectiveTo assess parent satisfaction with virtual care for pediatric diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted an online, cross-sectional survey of parents of youth with diabetes who receive care at a large, academic diabetes center regarding their perspectives on newly introduced virtual appointments. Parents were surveyed at two time points during the pandemic using a validated scale which was adapted for diabetes. We explored demographic and clinical factors which may influence parental satisfaction.ResultsOverall, parents expressed high levels of satisfaction (>90%) with functional aspects of the visit, though only approximately half (56%) felt the visit was as good as an in-person encounter. Nearly three-quarters (74%) would consider using telemedicine again in the future. Prior use of telemedicine significantly influenced parent satisfaction, suggesting that parent preferences may play a role in continued use of telemedicine in the future. There was no difference in responses across the two timepoints, suggesting high satisfaction early in the pandemic which persisted.ConclusionsIf permissive policies for telemedicine continue, diabetes centers could adopt hybrid in-person and virtual care models, while considering various stakeholder perspectives (providers and patients) and equity in access to virtual care.


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