scholarly journals КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ВИРУКИЛЛ 260 ПРОТИВ ЯИЦ АСКАРИДИЙ У КУР Сафиуллин Р.Т., Чалышева Э.И., Краснобаев Ю.В.

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: ЦЫПЛЯТА, АСКАРИДИИ (ASCARIDIA GALLI), ЯЙЦА, КОПРОСКОПИЯ, СРЕДСТВА ДЕЗИНВАЗИИ, ВИРУКИЛЛ 260, ФЕНОЛ, ИНТЕНСЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, ЭЙМЕРИИ АННОТАЦИЯ: Лабораторные исследования по изучению овоцидных свойств комплексного средства Вирукилл 260 в разных концентрациях в опыте in vitro на дистиллированной воде показали, что интенсэффективность препарата (доля погибших яиц аскаридий Ascaridia galli) составила: при концентрации 0,5% - 95,9%; 1 и 2% - 100%. Использованный в качестве препарата сравнения фенол (4%) в условиях лаборатории показал интенсэффективность 87,8%. Проведенная биопроба на цыплятах с 16 (инокуляция яйцами аскаридий) по 51 день жизни (возраст контрольного убоя) показала, что при неполном уничтожении аскаридий в случае использования фенола и 0,5% раствора Вирукилл 260 живая масса цыплят и ее среднесуточный прирост снижаются по сравнению с интактным контролем. Концентрация препарата 1% ранее показала себя эффективной также против спорулированных ооцист эймерий, поэтому ее рекомендуется использовать на практике для подготовки птичников к заселению молодняком для их дезинфекции против экзогенных стадий как аскаридий, так и эймерий. THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PREPARATION VIRUKILL-260 AGAINST ASCARID OVA IN CHICKEN SAFIULLIN R.T.1, CHALYSHEVA E.I.1, KRASNOBAYEV YU.V.2 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary of K.I. Skryabin & Y.R. Kovalenko” of Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Ratsiovet Co The ovocidic properties of different concentrations of the combined preparation Virukill-260 in compare to phenolic solution were studied in vitro on the aqueous suspension of the ova of ascarids (Ascaridia galli). The efficiency of the elimination was 95.9% for 0.5% aqueous solution of the preparation, 100% for 1 and 2% solutions; for phenolic solution (4%) it was 87.8%. The in vivo test on four treatments of chicken (universal Yubileynaya breed, 5 birds per treatment) since 16 days of age (inoculation of treatments 2-4 with non-treated ova and ova preliminary treated with phenol and Virukill-260, 0.5%, respectively; intact control treatment 1 was not inoculated) to the slaughter at 51 days of age evidenced the decreases in live bodyweight and average daily weight gains in cases of incomplete elimination of the parasites in compare to the intact control. Since the concentration of the preparation 1% was earlier found to be effective against sporulated oocysts of the Eimerias it can be recommended for the disinfection of commercial poultry houses prior to the population for the complete preliminary elimination of ascarids and Eimerias at the exogenous stages of their life cycles. Keywords: CHICKEN, ASCARIDS (ASCARIDIA GALLI), OVA, COPROSCOPY, DISINVASIVE AGENTS, VIRUKILL-260, PHENOL, ELIMINATION EFFICIENCY, EIMERIAS

Defibrotide Inhibits Platelet Activation by Cathepsin G Released From Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Evangelista ◽  
Paola Piccardoni ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Chiara Cerletti
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDefibrotide is a polydeoxyribonucleotide with antithrombotic effects in experimental animal models. Most of the actions of this drug have been observed in in vivo test models but no effects have been reported in in vitro systems. In this paper we demonstrate that defibrotide interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced human platelet activation in vitro. This effect was not related to any direct interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes or platelets, but was due to the inhibition of cathepsin G, the main biochemical mediator of this cell-cell cooperation. Since cathepsin G not only induces platelet activation but also affects some endothelial cell functions, the anticathepsin G activity of defibrotide could help to explain the antithrombotic effect of this drug.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

scholarly journals Lankesterella (Apicomplexa, Lankesterellidae) Blood Parasites of Passeriform Birds: Prevalence, Molecular and Morphological Characterization, with Notes on Sporozoite Persistence In Vivo and Development In Vitro

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas ◽  
Josef Harl ◽  
Vytautas Preikša ◽  
Dovilė Bukauskaitė ◽  
Mikas Ilgūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Serinus Canaria ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development In Vitro

Recent studies confirmed that some Hepatozoon-like blood parasites (Apicomplexa) of birds are closely related to the amphibian parasite Lankesterella minima. Little is known about the biology of these pathogens in birds, including their distribution, life cycles, specificity, vectors, and molecular characterization. Using blood samples of 641 birds from 16 species, we (i) determined the prevalence and molecular diversity of Lankesterella parasites in naturally infected birds; (ii) investigated the development of Lankesterella kabeeni in laboratory-reared mosquitoes, Culex pipiens forma molestus and Aedes aegypti; and (iii) tested experimentally the susceptibility of domestic canaries, Serinus canaria, to this parasite. This study combined molecular and morphological diagnostic methods and determined 11% prevalence of Lankesterella parasites in Acrocephalidae birds; 16 Lankesterella lineages with a certain degree of host specificity and two new species (Lankesterella vacuolata n. sp. and Lankesterella macrovacuolata n. sp.) were found and characterized. Lankesterella kabeeni (formerly Hepatozoon kabeeni) was re-described. Serinus canaria were resistant after various experimental exposures. Lankesterella sporozoites rapidly escaped from host cells in vitro. Sporozoites persisted for a long time in infected mosquitoes (up to 42 days post exposure). Our study demonstrated a high diversity of Lankesterella parasites in birds, and showed that several avian Hepatozoon-like parasites, in fact, belong to Lankesterella genus.

scholarly journals Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SYMEONIDOU ◽  
E. BONOS ◽  
K. MOUSTAKIDIS ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI ◽  
E. CHRISTAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Dedi Natawijaya ◽  
Endang Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds and pomegranate peels extracts against Ascaridia galli

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer R. Abdel Aziz ◽  
Mahmoud R. AbouLaila ◽  
Mohammad Aziz ◽  
Mosaab A. Omar ◽  
Khaled Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Test Methods for the Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage Forms

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schneider ◽  
Koziolek ◽  
Weitschies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Physiology ◽  
In Vivo Test

More than 50 years ago, the first concepts for gastroretentive drug delivery systems were developed. Despite extensive research in this field, there is no single formulation concept for which reliable gastroretention has been demonstrated under different prandial conditions. Thus, gastroretention remains the holy grail of oral drug delivery. One of the major reasons for the various setbacks in this field is the lack of predictive in vitro and in vivo test methods used during preclinical development. In most cases, human gastrointestinal physiology is not properly considered, which leads to the application of inappropriate in vitro and animal models. Moreover, conditions in the stomach are often not fully understood. Important aspects such as the kinetics of fluid volumes, gastric pH or mechanical stresses have to be considered in a realistic manner, otherwise, the gastroretentive potential as well as drug release of novel formulations cannot be assessed correctly in preclinical studies. This review, therefore, highlights the most important aspects of human gastrointestinal physiology and discusses their potential implications for the evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery systems.

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