scholarly journals Using geospatial analysis to identify potential sources of contamination for two norovirus outbreaks associated with commercial oyster harvesting in Tomales Bay, California

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Adcock ◽  
Vi Peralta ◽  
Vanessa Zubkousky-White ◽  
Jazmin Fontenot ◽  
Samuel Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Tomales Bay ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

scholarly journals Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Konrad Wojnarowski ◽  
Paweł Podobiński ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Jakub Smoliński ◽  
Karolina Dorobisz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in environmental pollution; however, knowledge about this aspect is growing at an insufficient pace. There are many potential sources of environmental contamination, including sex hormones—especially estrogens. The analyzed literature shows that estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and synthetic ethinyloestradiol (EE2) are the most significant in terms of environmental impact. Potential sources of contamination are, among others, livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and large urban agglomerations. Estrogens occurring in the environment can negatively affect the organisms, such as animals, through phenomena such as feminization, dysregulation of natural processes related to reproduction, lowering the physiological condition of the organisms, disturbances in the regulation of both proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic processes, and even the occurrence of neoplastic processes thus drastically decreasing animal welfare. Unfortunately, the amount of research conducted on the negative consequences of their impact on animal organisms is many times smaller than that of humans, despite the great richness and diversity of the fauna. Therefore, there is a need for further research to help fill the gaps in our knowledge.

Multistate product traceforward investigation to link imported romaine lettuce to a US cyclosporiasis outbreak – Nebraska, Texas, and Florida, June–August 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2709-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. BUSS ◽  
M. V. JOSHI ◽  
J. L. DEMENT ◽  
V. CANTU ◽  
T. J. SAFRANEK
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Us States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

SUMMARYDuring June–August 2013, 25 US states reported 631 cyclosporiasis cases including Nebraska and Iowa where a regional investigation implicated common-source imported salad mix served in two chain restaurants. At least two common-origin growing fields were likely sources of contaminated romaine lettuce. Using producer- and distributor-provided data, we conducted a grower-specific traceforward investigation to reveal exposures of ill US residents elsewhere who reported symptom onset during 11 June–1 July 2013, the time period established in the Nebraska and Iowa investigation. Romaine lettuce shipped on 2–6 June from one of these Mexico-origin growing fields likely caused cyclosporiasis in 78 persons reporting illness onsets from 11 June to 1 July in Nebraska, Texas, and Florida. Nationwide, 97% (314/324) of persons confirmed with cyclosporiasis with symptom onset from 11 June to 1 July 2013 resided in 11 central and eastern US states receiving approximately two-thirds of romaine lettuce from this field. This grower's production practices should be investigated to determine potential sources of contamination and to develop recommendations to prevent future illnesses.

Using trace element concentrations in Corbicula fluminea to identify potential sources of contamination in an urban river

2008 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Loeffler Peltier ◽  
Judith L. Meyer ◽  
Charles H. Jagoe ◽  
William A. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins at different stages of production of raw milk cheeses - preliminary results

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta G. Rola ◽  
Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the potential sources of contamination of traditionally made cheeses during their production with Staphylococcus aureus . The samples were collected at nine dairy farms at different points of manufacturing the cheeses. Isolation and enumeration of coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) on Baird- Parker RPF agar was conducted, and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was performed using ELISA and ELFA. The genes encoding SEs were identified by PCR. CPS were isolated from 51 samples with the highest level of contamination in mature cheese up to 107 CFU g-1. No SEs were detected in tested samples; however, enterotoxic CPS strains were found.

Salmonella enterica Contamination of Market Fresh Tomatoes: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA B. GURTLER ◽  
NIA A. HARLEE ◽  
AMANDA M. SMELSER ◽  
KEITH R. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

ABSTRACT Salmonella contamination associated with market fresh tomatoes has been problematic for the industry and consumers. A number of outbreaks have occurred, and dollar losses for the industry, including indirect collateral impact to agriculturally connected communities, have run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. This review covers these issues and an array of problems and potential solutions surrounding Salmonella contamination in tomatoes. Some other areas discussed include (i) the use of case-control studies and DNA fingerprinting to identify sources of contamination, (ii) the predilection for contamination based on Salmonella serovar and tomato cultivar, (iii) internalization, survival, and growth of Salmonella in or on tomatoes and the tomato plant, in biofilms, and in niches ancillary to tomato production and processing, (iv) the prevalence of Salmonella in tomatoes, especially in endogenous regions, and potential sources of contamination, and (v) effective and experimental means of decontaminating Salmonella from the surface and stem scar regions of the tomato. Future research should be directed in many of the areas discussed in this review, including determining and eliminating sources of contamination and targeting regions of the country where Salmonella is endemic and contamination is most likely to occur. Agriculturalists, horticulturalists, microbiologists, and epidemiologists may make the largest impact by working together to solve other unanswered questions regarding tomatoes and Salmonella contamination.

scholarly journals First report of detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in the state of Maranhão

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Moraes Silva ◽  
Anna Letícia Pinto Silva ◽  
Karinne Francisca Cardoso Watanabe ◽  
Nancyleni Pinto Chaves Bezerra ◽  
Danilo Cutrim Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
The State ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
First Report ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Contamination ◽  
Commercial Kit

Abstract The aim of this study was to report on detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in the state of Maranhão. To conduct this study, 200 farmed oysters were acquired in the municipality of Raposa and 100 in Paço do Lumiar; and a further 100 oysters were taken from the natural stock in the municipality of Primeira Cruz. This total of 400 specimens sampled was divided into 80 pools composed of five animals each. The gills and visceral mass of each oyster were removed for DNA extraction (per pool of oysters), using a commercial kit. The nested PCR technique (with the primer SAG-1) was then used to investigate any presence of protozoa. This molecular technique demonstrated the presence of DNA of T. gondii in 2.5% of the pools of oysters (n = 2/80): these oysters were exclusively from farms. The results from this study allow the conclusion that oysters of the genus Crassostrea that are farmed in the state of Maranhão are capable of filtering oocysts of T. gondii and maintaining them in their tissues. They are therefore potential sources of contamination for humans and other animals.

scholarly journals Environmental lead poisoning among children in Porto Alegre state, Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Maleronka Ferron ◽  
André Klafke de Lima ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of lead poisoning in children and to identify associated factors, as well as possible local sources of contamination. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in 2006 with a random sample of 97 children age zero to five years from a neighborhood in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Blood lead levels were measured and a questionnaire administered to collect information on sociodemographics, recycling and dwelling. A preliminary environmental evaluation was carried out with direct analysis of soil and indirect analysis of air pollution with bioindicators to identify possible sources of contamination. To analyze lead concentrations from the different collection sites, for each type of material studied, ANOVA was performed with a Brown-Forsythe adjustment for heteroscedasticity and with Dunnett's T3 procedure for multiple comparisons of unequal variances. RESULTS: Blood lead levels > 10.0 µg/dL was found in 16.5% of children. Recycling of waste at home, low father's education level, and increased age of children were associated with increase blood lead levels. High lead levels were found in soil, and there was little indication of lead air pollution. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of lead poisoning was identified, and the potential sources of contamination in this community appear related to waste recylcing activities. Studies should be conducted with other populations of Brazilian children and evaluate potential sources of local and general contamination, to accurately characterize this issue in Brazil.

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