scholarly journals Recent Progress on Chemical Production From Non-food Renewable Feedstocks Using Corynebacterium glutamicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Zhimin Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

Due to the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels, microbial fermentation is considered a sustainable approach for chemical production using glucose, xylose, menthol, and other complex carbon sources represented by lignocellulosic biomass. Among these, xylose, methanol, arabinose, glycerol, and other alternative feedstocks have been identified as superior non-food sustainable carbon substrates that can be effectively developed for microbe-based bioproduction. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a model gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively engineered to produce amino acids and other chemicals. Recently, in order to reduce production costs and avoid competition for human food, C. glutamicum has also been engineered to broaden its substrate spectrum. Strengthening endogenous metabolic pathways or assembling heterologous ones enables C. glutamicum to rapidly catabolize a multitude of carbon sources. This review summarizes recent progress in metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum toward a broad substrate spectrum and diverse chemical production. In particularly, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived complex hybrid carbon source represents the futural direction for non-food renewable feedstocks was discussed.

Recent advances in the application of carbohydrates as renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iraj Sadraei ◽  
Brent St Onge ◽  
John F. Trant
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Heterocycle Synthesis ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Abstract Carbohydrates, in the form of chitin, chitosan and cellulose, are one of the most available, renewable, and sustainable chemical feedstocks. Their conversion to biofuels, fine chemicals, and industrially-relevant monomers is becoming increasingly viable and promising as innovation decreases the price of this technology, and climate change and the price of fossil fuels increases the social and economic costs of using traditional feedstocks. In recent years, carbohydrates have been increasingly used as sources for nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. This chapter, with 86 references, provides a brief overview of the conversion of carbohydrate biomass to the standard hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing derivatives, and then provides a survey of recent progress in converting the biopolymers, and the derived mono and di-saccharides, into nitrogen-containing molecules with a special focus on N-heterocycle synthesis for medicinal applications.

scholarly journals Low-Viscosity Ether-Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Solvents for the Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Dissolution

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Asyraf Hanim Ab Rahim ◽  
Normawati M. Yunus ◽  
Wan Suzaini Wan Hamzah ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Nawshad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Ether Group ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Biomass Dissolution

Due to the substantial usage of fossil fuels, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as renewable sources for fuels and chemical production has been widely explored. The dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass in proper solvents is vital prior to the extraction of its important constituents, and ionic liquids (ILs) have been found to be efficient solvents for biomass dissolution. However, the high viscosity of ILs limits the dissolution process. Therefore, with the aim to enhance the dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of new ether-functionalized ILs with low viscosity values were synthesized and characterized. Their properties, such as density, viscosity and thermal stability, were analyzed and discussed in comparison with a common commercial IL, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). The presence of the ether group in the new ILs reduces the viscosity of the ILs to some appreciable extent in comparison to BMIMCl. 1-2(methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (MOE-MImCl), which possesses the lowest viscosity value among the other ether-functionalized ILs, demonstrates an ability to be a powerful solvent in the application of biomass dissolution via the sonication method. In addition, an optimization study employing response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out in order to obtain the optimum conditions for maximum dissolution of biomass in the solvents. Results suggested that the maximum biomass dissolution can be achieved by using 3 weight% of initial biomass loading with 40% amplitude of sonication at 32.23 min of sonication period.

scholarly journals Engineering Photosynthetic Bioprocesses for Sustainable Chemical Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida Stephens ◽  
Radhakrishnan Mahadevan ◽  
D. Grant Allen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Energy Surplus

Microbial production of chemicals using renewable feedstocks such as glucose has emerged as a green alternative to conventional chemical production processes that rely primarily on petroleum-based feedstocks. The carbon footprint of such processes can further be reduced by using engineered cells that harness solar energy to consume feedstocks traditionally considered to be wastes as their carbon sources. Photosynthetic bacteria utilize sophisticated photosystems to capture the energy from photons to generate reduction potential with such rapidity and abundance that cells often cannot use it fast enough and much of it is lost as heat and light. Engineering photosynthetic organisms could enable us to take advantage of this energy surplus by redirecting it toward the synthesis of commercially important products such as biofuels, bioplastics, commodity chemicals, and terpenoids. In this work, we review photosynthetic pathways in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to better understand how these organisms have naturally evolved to harness solar energy. We also discuss more recent attempts at engineering both the photosystems and downstream reactions that transfer reducing power to improve target chemical production. Further, we discuss different methods for the optimization of photosynthetic bioprocess including the immobilization of cells and the optimization of light delivery. We anticipate this review will serve as an important resource for future efforts to engineer and harness photosynthetic bacteria for chemical production.

scholarly journals Consolidated Bioprocessing: Synthetic Biology Routes to Fuels and Fine Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Alec Banner ◽  
Helen S. Toogood ◽  
Nigel S. Scrutton
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Advanced Fuels ◽  
Design Build

The long road from emerging biotechnologies to commercial “green” biosynthetic routes for chemical production relies in part on efficient microbial use of sustainable and renewable waste biomass feedstocks. One solution is to apply the consolidated bioprocessing approach, whereby microorganisms convert lignocellulose waste into advanced fuels and other chemicals. As lignocellulose is a highly complex network of polymers, enzymatic degradation or “saccharification” requires a range of cellulolytic enzymes acting synergistically to release the abundant sugars contained within. Complications arise from the need for extracellular localisation of cellulolytic enzymes, whether they be free or cell-associated. This review highlights the current progress in the consolidated bioprocessing approach, whereby microbial chassis are engineered to grow on lignocellulose as sole carbon sources whilst generating commercially useful chemicals. Future perspectives in the emerging biofoundry approach with bacterial hosts are discussed, where solutions to existing bottlenecks could potentially be overcome though the application of high throughput and iterative Design-Build-Test-Learn methodologies. These rapid automated pathway building infrastructures could be adapted for addressing the challenges of increasing cellulolytic capabilities of microorganisms to commercially viable levels.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Anna Trubetskaya ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Waste Production

Global consumption of materials such as forest resources, fossil fuels, earth metals and minerals are expected to double in the next 30 years, while annual waste production is estimated to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 [...]

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Disruptive Innovation in Renewable Energy Businesses from a Cross National Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4447
Author(s):  
Hokey Min ◽  
Yohannes Haile
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
The Impact

With a growing demand for safe, clean, and affordable energy, countries across the world are now seeking to create and rapidly develop renewable energy (RE) businesses. The success of these businesses often hinges on their ability to translate RE into sustainable value for energy consumers and the multiple stakeholders in the energy industry. Such value includes low production costs due to an abundance of natural resources (e.g., wind, water, sunlight), and public health benefits from reduced environmental pollution. Despite the potential for value creation, many RE businesses have struggled to create affordable energy as abundant as that which is produced by traditional fossil fuels. The rationale being that traditional RE sources emanating from natural resources tend to rely on unpredictable weather conditions. Therefore, to help RE businesses deliver sustainable value, we should leverage disruptive innovation that is less dependent on natural resources. This paper is one of the first attempts to assess the impact of disruptive innovation on RE business performances based on the survey data obtained from multiple countries representing both emerging and developed economies.

scholarly journals Bio-ethanol (2nd Generation Ethanol): A Solution to Ever Polluting Gasoline to Climate in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohapatra ◽  
Raj Kishore Mishra ◽  
Khitish K. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace

Environmentally sustainable energy sources are called for due to contemporaneous development in industries along with the rapid pace of urbanization. Ethanol produced from biomass can be deliberated as a clean and safest liquid fuel and an alternative to fossil fuels as they have provided unique environmental, strategic economic benefits. For the past decade, it has been noticed that there is an increasing trend found in bio ethanol production which has created a stimulus to go for advancement in bio ethanol production technologies. Several feed stocks have been used for the bio ethanol production but the second generation bio ethanol has concentrated on the lignocellulosic biomass. Plenteous lignocellulosic biomass in the world can be tapped for ethanol production, but it will require significant advances in the ethanol production process from lignocellulosic because of some technical and economic hurdles found in commercial scale. This review will encompass the current status of bio ethanol production in terms of their economic and environmental viability along with some research gaps as well as policy implications for the same.

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstocks for Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desikan Ramesh ◽  
Iniya Kumar Muniraj ◽  
Kiruthika Thangavelu ◽  
Subburamu Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Platform Chemical ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Liquid Biofuel ◽  
Lignocellulosic Pretreatment

The shifting of dependence from conventional fuels to renewable fuels and its increased production to combat the energy, environmental, and geopolitical crises is a global concern. One of the viable and promising alternatives is liquid biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass being the most abundant encompass cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.The intricate complex of hemicellulose and lignin around cellulose is the bottleneck in commercializing the biofuel process. To make the cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible for hydrolysis and valorise the underutilized lignin for platform chemical production, pretreatment becomes imperative. Various pretreatment methods such as physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and enzymatic and their combinations are employed for the production of bioethanol. It should be stressed that each pretreatment is unique in its condition and in most cases are biomass specific. With the above view, this chapter aims at bringing out the understanding of lignocellulosic pretreatment with updated information in the field.

scholarly journals Feasibility Assessment of a Bioethanol Plant in the Northern Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Achinas ◽  
Nienke Leenders ◽  
Janneke Krooneman ◽  
Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Beet Pulp

Due to the exhaustion and increased pressure regarding the environmental and political aspects of fossil fuels, the industrial focus has switched towards renewable energy resources. Lignocellulosic biowaste can come from several sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, forestry waste, and bioenergy crops and processed into bioethanol via a biochemical pathway. Although much research has been done on the ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, the economic viability of a bioethanol plant in the Northern Netherlands is yet unknown, and therefore, examined. In this thesis, the feasibility study of a bioethanol plant treating sugar beet pulp, cow manure, and grass straw is conducted using the simulation software SuperPro Designer. Results show that it is not economically viable to treat the tested lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol, since all three original cases result in a negative net present value (NPV). An alternative would be to exclude the pretreatment step from the process. Although this results in a lower production of bioethanol per year, the plant treating sugar beet pulp (SBP) and grass straw (GS) becomes economically viable since the costs have significantly decreased.

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