scholarly journals Low-Viscosity Ether-Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Solvents for the Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Dissolution

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Asyraf Hanim Ab Rahim ◽  
Normawati M. Yunus ◽  
Wan Suzaini Wan Hamzah ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwono ◽  
Nawshad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Ether Group ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Biomass Dissolution

Due to the substantial usage of fossil fuels, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as renewable sources for fuels and chemical production has been widely explored. The dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass in proper solvents is vital prior to the extraction of its important constituents, and ionic liquids (ILs) have been found to be efficient solvents for biomass dissolution. However, the high viscosity of ILs limits the dissolution process. Therefore, with the aim to enhance the dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of new ether-functionalized ILs with low viscosity values were synthesized and characterized. Their properties, such as density, viscosity and thermal stability, were analyzed and discussed in comparison with a common commercial IL, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). The presence of the ether group in the new ILs reduces the viscosity of the ILs to some appreciable extent in comparison to BMIMCl. 1-2(methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (MOE-MImCl), which possesses the lowest viscosity value among the other ether-functionalized ILs, demonstrates an ability to be a powerful solvent in the application of biomass dissolution via the sonication method. In addition, an optimization study employing response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out in order to obtain the optimum conditions for maximum dissolution of biomass in the solvents. Results suggested that the maximum biomass dissolution can be achieved by using 3 weight% of initial biomass loading with 40% amplitude of sonication at 32.23 min of sonication period.

scholarly journals The Ability of a Novel Strain Scheffersomyces (Syn. Candida) shehatae Isolated from Rotten Wood to Produce Arabitol

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kordowska-Wiater ◽  
Adam Kuzdraliński ◽  
Tomasz Czernecki ◽  
Zdzisław Targoński ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Candida Shehatae ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Arabitol is a polyalcohol which has about 70% of the sweetness of sucrose and an energy density of 0.2 kcal/g. Similarly to xylitol, it can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a natural sweetener, a texturing agent, a dental caries reducer, and a humectant. Biotechnological production of arabitol from sugars represents an interesting alternative to chemical production. The yeast Scheffersomyces shehatae strain 20BM-3 isolated from rotten wood was screened for its ability to produce arabitol from L-arabinose, glucose, and xylose. This isolate, cultured at 28°C and 150 rpm, secreted 4.03 ± 0.00 to 7.97 ± 0.67 g/l of arabitol from 17–30 g/l of L-arabinose assimilated from a medium containing 20–80 g/l of this pentose with yields of 0.24 ± 0.00 to 0.36 ± 0.02 g/g. An optimization study demonstrated that pH 4.0, 32°C, and a shaking frequency of 150 rpm were the optimum conditions for arabitol production by the investigated strain. Under these conditions, strain 20BM-3 produced 6.2 ± 0.17 g/l of arabitol from 17.5 g/l of arabinose after 4 days with a yield of 0.35 ± 0.01 g/g. This strain also produced arabitol from glucose, giving much lower yields, but did not produce it from xylose. The new strain can be successfully used for arabitol production from abundantly available sugars found in plant biomass.

scholarly journals Specifically Designed Ionic Liquids—Formulations, Physicochemical Properties, and Electrochemical Double Layer Storage Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Xinyi Mei ◽  
Abigail Schulz ◽  
Hamza Dunya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Electrolytic Properties ◽  
Storage Behavior ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer

Two key features—non-volatility and non-flammability—make ionic liquids (ILs) very attractive for use as electrolyte solvents in advanced energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries. Since most ILs possess high viscosity and are less prone to dissolving common electrolytic salts when compared to traditional electrolytic solvents, they must be formulated with low viscosity thinner solvents to achieve desired ionic conductivity and dissolution of electrolyte salts in excess of 0.5 M concentration. In the past few years, our research group has synthesized several specifically designed ILs (mono-cationic, di-cationic, and zwitterionic) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and dicyanamide (DCA) as counter anions. This article describes several electrolyte formulations to achieve superior electrolytic properties. The performance of a few representative IL-based electrolytes in supercapacitor coin cells is presented.

scholarly journals Relationship between lignocellulosic biomass dissolution and physicochemical properties of ionic liquids composed of 3-methylimidazolium cations and carboxylate anions

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2508-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preenaa Moyer ◽  
Micholas Dean Smith ◽  
Nourredine Abdoulmoumine ◽  
Stephen C. Chmely ◽  
Jeremy C. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Carboxylate Anions ◽  
Biomass Dissolution

Experimental and simulation studies identify 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium formate as an efficient biomass solvent, mainly due to strong interactions with hemicellulose.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Chemical Production From Non-food Renewable Feedstocks Using Corynebacterium glutamicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Zhimin Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

Due to the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels, microbial fermentation is considered a sustainable approach for chemical production using glucose, xylose, menthol, and other complex carbon sources represented by lignocellulosic biomass. Among these, xylose, methanol, arabinose, glycerol, and other alternative feedstocks have been identified as superior non-food sustainable carbon substrates that can be effectively developed for microbe-based bioproduction. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a model gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively engineered to produce amino acids and other chemicals. Recently, in order to reduce production costs and avoid competition for human food, C. glutamicum has also been engineered to broaden its substrate spectrum. Strengthening endogenous metabolic pathways or assembling heterologous ones enables C. glutamicum to rapidly catabolize a multitude of carbon sources. This review summarizes recent progress in metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum toward a broad substrate spectrum and diverse chemical production. In particularly, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived complex hybrid carbon source represents the futural direction for non-food renewable feedstocks was discussed.

The Structure of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Insights From Ion-Pair Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Hunt ◽  
Ian R. Gould ◽  
Barbara Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Liquid Structure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Association Energy ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Insight Into

A large number of ab-initio (B3LYP/6–31++G(d,p)) computed ion-pair structures have been examined in order to determine if such calculations are capable of offering insight into the physical properties of the liquid state, particularly viscosity and melting point. Ion pairings based around the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4C1im) cations and a range of anions (Cl, BF4, and N(Tf)2 where N(Tf)2 is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonly)imide) were chosen because of the range of viscosities exhibited by the corresponding ionic liquids. We have used these results to build up a ‘picture’ of the ionic liquid structure which is consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and experimental evidence. However, further work is required to established if such an analysis could be predictive. Nevertheless, we establish clear relationships relating ion-pair association energy, a derived ‘connectivity index’, and the diversity of structures with viscosity and melting point. Our calculations indicate that ions in C4C1imCl form a strong, highly connected and regular array thus rationalizing the high viscosity and melting point. In contrast the ion-pairs of C4C1imN(Tf)2 form a weakly interacting, highly disordered, and low connectivity network consistent with the low viscosity and melting point. C4C1imBF4 lies midway between these two extremes.

Lignin to Value-Added Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Sharifi ◽  
Ramyakrishna Pothu ◽  
Rajender Boddula ◽  
Inamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Lignin Model Compounds ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Lignin Model

Background: There is a developing demand for innovation in petroleum systems replacements. Towards this aim, lignocellulosic biomass suggested as a possible sustainable source for the manufacturing of fuels and produced chemicals. The aims of this paper are to investigate different kinds of β-O-4 lignin model compounds for the production of value-added chemicals in presence of ionic liquids. Especially, a cheap β-O-4 lignin model Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) is introduced to produce valuable chemicals and novel products. Methods: Research related to chemical depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass activity is reviewed, the notes from different methods such as thermal and microwave collected during at least 10 years. So, this collection provides a good source for academic research and it gives an efficient strategy for the manufacturing of novel value-added chemicals at an industrial scale. Results: This research presented that ionic liquid microwave-assisted is a power saving, cost efficient, fast reaction, and clean way with high selectively and purity for production of high value chemicals rather that conversional heating. Guaiacol and catechol are some of these valuable chemicals that is produced from β-O-4 lignin model compounds with high word demands that are capable to produce in industry scale. Conclusion: The β-O-4 lignin model compounds such as Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) are good platform for developing food materials, perfumery, biorefinery, and pharmaceutical industry by ionic liquids-assisted lignin depolymerization method.

scholarly journals A Low-Viscosity BisGMA Derivative for Resin Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Rheological Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Ali Alrahlah ◽  
Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni ◽  
Haifa Fahad Al-Mutairi ◽  
Bashaer Mousa Almousa ◽  
Faisal S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

This study aimed to synthesize new bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) derivatives, targeting a reduction in its viscosity by substituting one of its OH groups, the leading cause of its high viscosity, with a chlorine atom. Hence, this monochloro-BisGMA (mCl-BisGMA) monomer was synthesized by Appel reaction procedure, and its structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The viscosity of mCl-BisGMA (8.3 Pa·s) was measured under rheometry conditions, and it was found to be more than 65-fold lower than that of BisGMA (566.1 Pa·s) at 25 °C. For the assessment of the viscosity changes of model resins in the presence of mCl-BisGMA, a series of resin matrices, in which, besides BisGMA, 50 wt % was triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, were prepared and evaluated at 20, 25, and 35 °C. Thus, BisGMA was incrementally replaced by 25% mCl-BisGMA to obtain TBC0, TBC25, TBC50, TBC75, and TBC100 blends. The viscosity decreased with temperature, and the mCl-BisGMA content in the resin mixture increased. The substantial reduction in the viscosity value of mCl-BisGMA compared with that of BisGMA may imply its potential use as a dental resin matrix, either alone or in combination with traditional monomers. However, the various properties of mCl-BisGMA-containing matrices should be evaluated.

scholarly journals A Conceptional Approach of Resin-Transfer-Molding to Rosin-Sourced Epoxy Matrix Green Composites

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sicong Yu ◽  
Xufeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
Xiaosu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Composite Molding

In this concept-proof study, a preform-based RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process is presented that is characterized by first pre-loading the solid curing agent onto the preform, and then injecting the liquid nonreactive resin with an intrinsically low viscosity into the mold to infiltrate and wet the pre-loaded preform. The separation of resin and hardener helped to process inherently high viscosity resins in a convenient way. Rosin-sourced, anhydrite-cured epoxies that would normally be regarded as unsuited to liquid composite molding, were thus processed. Rheological tests revealed that by separating the anhydrite curing agent from a formulated RTM resin system, the remaining epoxy liquid had its flowtime extended. C-scan and glass transition temperature tests showed that the preform pre-loaded with anhydrite was fully infiltrated and wetted by the liquid epoxy, and the two components were diffused and dissolved with each other, and finally, well reacted and cured. Composite laminates made via this approach exhibited roughly comparable quality and mechanical properties with prepreg controls via autoclave or compression molding, respectively. These findings were verified for both carbon and ramie fiber composites.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Anna Trubetskaya ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Waste Production

Global consumption of materials such as forest resources, fossil fuels, earth metals and minerals are expected to double in the next 30 years, while annual waste production is estimated to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 [...]

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