scholarly journals In-vivo Investigations of Hydroxyapatite/Co-polymeric Composites Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Diwu ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Omaima Nasif ◽  
Sulaiman Ali Alharbi ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Porous Morphology

A perfect mimic of human bone is very difficult. Still, the latest advancement in biomaterials makes it possible to design composite materials with morphologies merely the same as that of bone tissues. In the present work is the fabrication of selenium substituted Hydroxyapatite (HAP-Se) covered by lactic acid (LA)—Polyethylene glycol (PEG)—Aspartic acid (AS) composite with the loading of vincristine sulfate (VCR) drug (HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS/VCR) for twin purposes of bone regenerations. The HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS/VCR composite coated on titanium implant through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The prepared composite characterized using FTIR, XRD techniques to rely on the composites' chemical nature and crystalline status. The morphology of the composite and the titanium plate with the composite coating was investigated by utilizing SEM, TEM instrument techniques, and it reveals the composite has porous morphology. The drug (VCR) load in HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS and releasing nature were investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopy at the wavelength of 295 nm. In vitro study of SBF treatment shows excellent biocompatibility to form the HAP crystals. The viability against MG63 and toxicity against Saos- 2 cells have expressed the more exceptional biocompatibility in bone cells and toxicity with the cancer cells of prepared composites. The in-vivo study emphasizes prepared biomaterial suitable for implantation and helps accelerate bone regeneration on osteoporosis and osteosarcoma affected hard tissue.

scholarly journals Matrix Vesicles: Role in Bone Mineralization and Potential Use as Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Sana Ansari ◽  
Bregje W. M. de de Wildt ◽  
Michelle A. M. Vis ◽  
Carolina E. de de Korte ◽  
Keita Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Mineralization

Bone is a complex organ maintained by three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. During bone formation, osteoblasts deposit a mineralized organic matrix. Evidence shows that bone cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs): nano-sized bilayer vesicles, which are involved in intercellular communication by delivering their cargoes through protein–ligand interactions or fusion to the plasma membrane of the recipient cell. Osteoblasts shed a subset of EVs known as matrix vesicles (MtVs), which contain phosphatases, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. These vesicles are believed to have a major role in matrix mineralization, and they feature bone-targeting and osteo-inductive properties. Understanding their contribution in bone formation and mineralization could help to target bone pathologies or bone regeneration using novel approaches such as stimulating MtV secretion in vivo, or the administration of in vitro or biomimetically produced MtVs. This review attempts to discuss the role of MtVs in biomineralization and their potential application for bone pathologies and bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Phosphate graphene as an intrinsically osteoinductive scaffold for stem cell-driven bone regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 4855-4860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Arnold ◽  
Brian D. Holt ◽  
Leila Daneshmandi ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin ◽  
Stefanie A. Sydlik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Ectopic Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein

Synthetic, resorbable scaffolds for bone regeneration have potential to transform the clinical standard of care. Here, we demonstrate that functional graphenic materials (FGMs) could serve as an osteoinductive scaffold: recruiting native cells to the site of injury and promoting differentiation into bone cells. By invoking a Lewis acid-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction, we are able to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) to produce phosphate graphenes (PGs) with unprecedented control of functional group density, mechanical properties, and counterion identity. In aqueous environments, PGs release inducerons, including Ca2+ and PO43−. Calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG) intrinsically induces osteogenesis in vitro and in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), can induce ectopic bone formation in vivo. Additionally, an FGM can be made by noncovalently loading GO with the growth factor recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), producing a scaffold that induces ectopic bone formation with or without BMSCs. The FGMs reported here are intrinsically inductive scaffolds with significant potential to revolutionize the regeneration of bone.

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of BMSC Laden RGD-Conjugated MPEG-PCL Composite Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kim ◽  
Su Jung You ◽  
Dae Hyeok Yang ◽  
Heung Jae Chun ◽  
Hae Kwan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Composite Hydrogels

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of thiourea derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 764-777
Author(s):  
Sumaira Naz ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Umar ◽  
Saad Alghamdi ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

AbstractThioureas and their derivatives are organosulfur compounds having applications in numerous fields such as organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industries. Symmetric thiourea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various anilines with CS2. The synthesized compounds were characterized using the UV-visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened for in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and for their antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. These compounds were fed to Swiss male albino mice to evaluate their toxicological effects and potential to inhibit glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) inhibition. The antibacterial studies revealed that compound 4 was more active against the selected bacterial strains. Compound 1 was more active against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, AChE, BuChE, and α-glucosidase. Compound 2 was more potent against α-amylase and G6Pase. Toxicity studies showed that compound 4 is safe as it exerted no toxic effect on any of the hematological and biochemical parameters or on liver histology of the experimental animals at any studied dose rate. The synthesized compounds showed promising antibacterial and antioxidant potential and were very active (both in vitro and in vivo) against G6Pase and moderately active against the other selected enzymes used in this study.

scholarly journals Construction of hollow polydopamine nanoparticle based drug sustainable release system and its application in bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Chunxia Ren ◽  
Siyuan Xiang ◽  
Daowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Drug Load ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractNanomaterial-based drug sustainable release systems have been tentatively applied to bone regeneration. They, however, still face disadvantages of high toxicity, low biocompatibility, and low drug-load capacity. In view of the low toxicity and high biocompatibility of polymer nanomaterials and the excellent load capacity of hollow nanomaterials with high specific surface area, we evaluated the hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HPDA NPs), in order to find an optimal system to effectively deliver the osteogenic drugs to improve treatment of bone defect. Data demonstrated that the HPDA NPs synthesized herein could efficiently load four types of osteogenic drugs and the drugs can effectively release from the HPDA NPs for a relatively longer time in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Results of qRT-PCR, ALP, and alizarin red S staining showed that drugs released from the HPDA NPs could promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Image data from micro-CT and H&E staining showed that all four osteogenic drugs released from the HPDA NPs effectively promoted bone regeneration in the defect of tooth extraction fossa in vivo, especially tacrolimus. These results suggest that the HPDA NPs, the biodegradable hollow polymer nanoparticles with high drug load rate and sustainable release ability, have good prospect to treat the bone defect in future clinical practice.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami ◽  
Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Yunzhi Peter Yang ◽  
Sang-Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
3D Fabrication ◽  
Dental Applications

The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.

scholarly journals The Bone Regeneration Capacity of BMP-2 + MMP-10 Loaded Scaffolds Depends on the Tissue Status

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Patricia Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Reyes ◽  
José Antonio Rodriguez ◽  
Tomas Martín ◽  
Carmen Evora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Positive Effect

Biomaterials-mediated bone formation in osteoporosis (OP) is challenging as it requires tissue growth promotion and adequate mineralization. Based on our previous findings, the development of scaffolds combining bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) shows promise for OP management. To test our hypothesis, scaffolds containing BMP-2 + MMP-10 at variable ratios or BMP-2 + Alendronate (ALD) were prepared. Systems were characterized and tested in vitro on healthy and OP mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo bone formation was studied on healthy and OP animals. Therapeutic molecules were efficiently encapsulated into PLGA microspheres and embedded into chitosan foams. The use of PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) microspheres as therapeutic molecule reservoirs allowed them to achieve an in vitro and in vivo controlled release. A beneficial effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity of non-OP cells was observed for both combinations when compared with BMP-2 alone. This effect was not detected on OP cells where all treatments promoted a similar increase in ALP activity compared with control. The in vivo results indicated a positive effect of the BMP-2 + MMP-10 combination at both of the doses tested on tissue repair for OP mice while it had the opposite effect on non-OP animals. This fact can be explained by the scaffold’s slow-release rate and degradation that could be beneficial for delayed bone regeneration conditions but had the reverse effect on healthy animals. Therefore, the development of adequate scaffolds for bone regeneration requires consideration of the tissue catabolic/anabolic balance to obtain biomaterials with degradation/release behaviors suited for the existing tissue status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document