scholarly journals Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Feng ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Zhihan Zhu ◽  
Chenyang Gu ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Layer Membrane ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Intracellular Mediators

Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient’s sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30–150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.

scholarly journals Spinal cord injury and male infertility—a review of current literature, knowledge gaps, and future research

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (S3) ◽  
pp. S373-S382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Anderson ◽  
Rachel Moses ◽  
Sara Lenherr ◽  
James M. Hotaling ◽  
Jeremy Myers
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals All-cause and cause-specific mortality following non-traumatic spinal cord injury: evidence from a population-based cohort study in Switzerland

Spinal Cord ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzzell ◽  
◽  
J. D. Chamberlain ◽  
I. Eriks-Hoogland ◽  
K. Hug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
National Cohort

Abstract Study design Observational cohort study. Objective To benchmark all-cause and cause-specific mortality following NTSCI to the general population (GP). Setting Specialized rehabilitation centers in Switzerland. Methods Longitudinal data from the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury (SwiSCI) Medical Record study were probabilistically linked with cause of death (CoD) information from the Swiss National Cohort. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Competing risk frameworks were used to estimate the probability of death due to specific CoD. Results One thousand five hundred and one individuals were admitted for first rehabilitation with NTSCI between 1990–2011; CoD information was available for 454 individuals of the 525 individuals that died. Overall, the mortality rate for persons with NTSCI was 1.6 times greater than that of the GP. Deaths due to cardiovascular disease (39.8%), neoplasms (22%), and infection (9.9%) were most often reported. Individuals with an SCI due to a vascular etiology indicated the greatest burden of mortality from infection compared with the GP (SMR 5.4; 95% CI, 3.1 to 9.2). Conclusions Cause-specific SMRs varied according to etiology. This supports the need for targeted clinical care and follow-up. Cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and infection, emerged as main causes of death following NTSCI and should thus be targets for future research and differential clinical management approaches.

Men’s Adjustment to Spinal Cord Injury: The Unique Contributions of Conformity to Masculine Gender Norms

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Michael Burns ◽  
Sigmund Hough ◽  
Briana L. Boyd ◽  
Justin Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

Men constitute 82% of the approximately 250,000 people in the United States living with a spinal cord injury. Unfortunately, however, little is known about the impact of men’s adherence to gender norms on their adjustment to such injuries. The present investigation examined the utility of masculine norms in explaining variance in depression beyond that accounted for by commonly identified predictors of men’s adjustment following spinal cord injury. As hypothesized, results suggested that men’s adherence to masculine norms accounted for unique variance in their depression scores beyond that contributed by social support, environmental barriers/access, and erectile functioning. Respondents who adhered to norms stressing the primacy of men’s work demonstrated lower rates of depression, whereas those who conformed to norms for self-reliance demonstrated higher depression scores. The authors discuss future research directions and potential psychotherapeutic strategies for working with men with spinal cord injuries.

Poster 155 Aging With Spinal Cord Injury/Disease: Recommendations for Future Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. e57-e58
Author(s):  
Denise G. Tate ◽  
Susan Charlifue ◽  
Suzanne Groah ◽  
Martin Forchheimer ◽  
Ivan Molton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cord Injury

Psychosocial Predictors and Exercise Intentions and Behavior among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Latimer ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
B. Catherine Craven
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Psychosocial Predictors ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Behavior

Using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework, the present study examined psychosocial predictors of exercise intentions and behavior among 124 men and women with spinal cord injury. Theory of planned behavior constructs were measured using an exercise–specific questionnaire for individuals with spinal cord injury. Exercise behavior was assessed using an adapted version of the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. Regression analyses indicated that the theory of planned behavior had limited utility in this population. Among individuals with tetrapelgia, perceived behavioral control was the only determinant of exercise intentions and behavior. Among people with paraplegia, none of the theory of planned behavior constructs predicted exercise intentions or behavior. These results have methodological and practical implications for future research and exercise interventions, respectively.

Test Items and Standards Related to Flexibility/Range of Motion on the Brockport Physical Fitness Test

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis X. Short ◽  
Joseph P. Winnick
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Cord Injury

This manuscript provides information on the test items and standards used to assess flexibility and range of motion in the Brockport Physical Fitness Test. Validity, attainability, and reliability of the back saver sit and reach, the shoulder stretch, the modified Apley test, the modified Thomas test, and the Target Stretch Test are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the utility of these tests for youngsters with mental retardation and mild limitations in fitness, visual impairments (blindness), cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, or congenital anomalies or amputations. Suggestions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Ventricular arrhythmia during rehabilitation of cervical spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Vol.11, no.3) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Gabriel GUSETU ◽  
Angelo BULBOACĂ ◽  
Monica Alina MAGER ◽  
Gabriel CISMARU ◽  
Alexandra Ina BULBOACĂ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
One Year

Patients with cervical spinal cord injury have a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, especially in the first 14 to 30 days after traumatic event (acute phase). Electrophysiological abnormalities described in the acute phase are most often bradycardia, which is spontaneous or triggered by various stimuli. In the chronic phase, varied arrhythmias are described, but ventricular arrhythmias as a result of autonomic dysregulation in chronic SCI are rare and isolated. We present the case of a patient with a C5-C6 incomplete spinal cord injury (ASIA-B grade) in which symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia is described one year after the traumatic event.

Exercise Experiences and Barriers Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
Chia Vang ◽  
Sergio Cuevas ◽  
Noreen Graf ◽  
Irmo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Support Groups ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Cord Injury

PurposeTo explore exercise experiences and beliefs related to barriers among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsSeventy-four participants were recruited from a hospital, an independent living center, and online support groups. The Exercise Experiences and Spinal Cord Injury (EESCI) instrument included three scales to assess beliefs and experiences related to exercise participation.ResultsOur study found 80% of participants do not currently engage in competitive exercise or sports, however 48.6% do participate in noncompetitive sports. Most participants found it difficult to gather up motivation and allocate time to exercise. Also, 52% of participants who visited fitness centers reported no availability of accessible exercise equipment and access for wheelchair users. T-tests and ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare group means between demographic variables. Results indicated the perceived barriers among persons with SCI regarding lack of personal resources/finances, beliefs about fitness center accessibility regarding equipment, and perceived negative attitudes held by fitness center employees and customers.ConclusionRecommendations regarding how rehabilitation counselors can best work with clients on these issues including advocacy, counseling strategies, and future research directions are discussed.

Relationship between Knowledge of Employment-Related Public Policies and Occupational Outcome among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Martin B. Forchheimer ◽  
Debra J. Farrell ◽  
Denise G. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
Occupational Outcome ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Occupational Activities

This study assessed whether knowledge of employment-related public policies was related to occupational outcome among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explored factors that facilitated their engagement in occupational activities. The sample was 57 individuals with SCI. Knowledge of public policies was assessed using a 16-item questionnaire covering legislation and programs including the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Trial Work Period, and the Ticket to Work – Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999. Computer use and participation in educational activities at time of injury were significantly related to occupational outcome. No significant relationship was observed between knowledge of the assessed public policies and occupational outcome. These policies can facilitate developing skills and obtaining goods and supports that can be important for positive occupational outcome subsequent to a life changing impairment such as SCI. Future research that evaluates what information is most important for whom and how to communicate it most effectively is warranted.

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