scholarly journals Diverse Locations and a Long History: Historical Context for Urban Leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Early Anthropocene From Seoul, Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Powell ◽  
Jan C. Axmacher ◽  
John D. C. Linnell ◽  
Sarah M. Durant
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Urban Centre ◽  
The 19Th Century

While the urban landscapes of the early Anthropocene may appear hostile to large carnivores, humans and leopards (Panthera pardus) are known to co-inhabit major urban centres like Mumbai (India), Nairobi (Kenya) and Johannesburg (South Africa). We provide evidence that the presence of leopards in urban landscapes is not, however, a new phenomenon and has occurred repeatedly over the early history of the Anthropocene. Using records of Amur leopards (P. p. orientalis) in Seoul, Korea, at the end of the 19th century, a capital city and major urban centre with a high human population density, we explore socio-cultural, political and ecological factors that may have facilitated human-leopard co-occurrence in an urban landscape and the factors that eventually led to the leopards' extirpation. We suggest that, in the absence of unsustainable levels of persecution by humans, leopards are able to persist in urban landscapes which contain small patches of dense vegetation and have sufficient alternative food supplies. In light of the continued expansion of urban landscapes in the 21st century and increasing conservation focus on the presence of large carnivore populations there, this paper provides historical context to human co-existence with leopards in urban landscapes during the Anthropocene–and what we can learn from it for the future.

Historiography of one city: colonialism, colonization, frontir. On the historiography of the history of functioning of the fortress city of the left wing of the Caucasian cordon line on the example of the history of Kizlyar in the first half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Mahomed Gasanov ◽  
Abidat Gazieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiography of the history of the city of Kizlyar. This issue is considered in the historical context of the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the three main theoretical concepts of the problem concerning Russia’s policy in the region, using the example of the city of Kizlyar in the context of historiography.

Nostalgia and the City: Urdushahr āshobpoetry in the aftermath of 1857

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE TIGNOL
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Memory And Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAfter the Uprising of 1857, many poets from north Indian cities resorted to the Urdu nostalgic genre ofshahr āshobto recall mournfully pre-colonial urban landscapes and articulate emotional and poetic narratives of loss. This article proposes to open new perspectives for the historical study of collective memory and trauma among Urdu-speakingashrāfin the nineteenth century by looking at one collection of such poems entitled ‘The Lament for Delhi (Fuġhān-e Dehlī)’ (1863), which has recently started to attract the attention of historians. Although scholarship has generally emphasised the continuity of these poems with theshahr āshobtradition, this article re-assesses this body of texts through a careful analysis of their main literary motifs and highlights their originality and divergence from previousshahr āshobs. Beyond the stereotypical, the poems of ‘The Lament for Delhi’ both construct 1857 as cultural trauma through the use of powerful literary devices and the performance of collective grief as well as re-channel memory and melancholy into the urban landscape by emphasising its materiality and reinvesting it with new meanings and stakes. This paper more broadly underlines the importance of this under-studied source to understand the impact of 1857 on the imaginary of Urdu-speakingashrāfand on the cultural and social history of colonial India.

The Book of Psalms (1848) — the first experience of Bible translation into Ossetic

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Dmitry K. Asratyan
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Study And Teaching ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of translations of the Holy Scripture and liturgical texts into the Ossetic language has not yet become a subject of systematic study, although the formation of the national intelligentsia is closely connected with this process, as well as the development of standards of the literary language. The aim of this paper is to study the historical context in which the Book of Psalms was translated and published in 1848, becoming the first complete Bible book in Ossetic, as well as to determine its significance in the history of Ossetian literature. Analysis of documentary materials (such as letters of the translator Grigory Mzhedlov, reviews written by Academician Anders Sjögren) and comparison of the published translation with the Hebrew original and other versions give a clue to the principles of translator’s work. An attempt is made to analyze advantages and drawbacks of the translation, as well as the level of its reception and its influence on the further activities of Ossetian national intelligentsia. The translation of the Books of Psalms is considered to be an important step as the first experience in the practical implementation of language norms recorded in the classical grammar of Anders Sjögren, which laid the foundation for the scientific study and teaching of Ossetic language; but the Book of Psalms became obsolete very quickly — due to the appearance of the first generation of the Ossetian intelligentsia and the beginning of systematic collective work on creating the corpus of Church books in Ossetic. Nevertheless, the influence of the 1848 translation can be clearly seen in further Ossetic church translations and should not be underestimated. The study of the development of the literary Ossetic language, the formation of religious terminology is impossible without a serious study of translations of the 19th century, including the earliest of them — the Book of Psalms translated by Grigory Mzhedlov.

Public authority in European capitals: a map of governance, an album with symbols

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN VAN DER WUSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Civic Institutions

This paper deals with the residences of public authority across Europe from the emergence of the state system to the present. It is concerned with the addresses, the buildings, their surroundings and the symbolic significance from the point of view of builders and the public. The building styles have been heavily influenced by the examples of imperial and papal Rome, and a dominant model of a European capital city building has evolved. There are also some systematic differences, particularly for those countries with a dramatic history of constitutional change and for those with a decentralized process of state-building in the early stages of the process. In the second half of the 19th century, and probably again currently, the residences of public authority should be read in conjunction with the positioning of a series of civic institutions. The display of state authority has been increasingly accompanied by the representation of national identity. More recently, however, a touch of cosmopolitanism has been added in many capitals. The reading of these capitals is therefore now more ambiguous. This will probably intensify under the impact of the emerging European multilevel governance system. At the same time, this governance system has become increasingly based in Brussels. For this city to symbolically represent Europe is a very difficult ambition in the context of its multiple capital roles. However, Brussels has a long history of dealing successfully with such urban challenges in spite of major conflicts and drawbacks.

scholarly journals Die Ereignisse des Vormärz im Literarischen Schaffen des kompromisslosen Schriftstellers und Publizisten Robert Eduard Prutz

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXI) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Renata Trejnowska-Supranowicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Writing ◽  
Important Means ◽  
History Of Journalism ◽  
The 19Th Century

Born in Szczecin, Robert Eduard Prutz (1816-1872) enjoyed considerable pop-ularity as a creator of the pre-March period poetry, as a journalist working for HallischeJahrbücher, one of influential publications of that time, and as a literary historian and expert on the history of journalism. Prutz’s life and work coincided with the society’s great dissatisfaction with the ossified absolutist system; literature in the 19th century constituted an important means of communication linking the text, the reader, and the historical context. In the poems and plays completed before the March revolution, the writer aimed at shaping the readers’ awareness, especially in terms of bringing down the feudal system. In this article Prutz’s selected works are used to demonstrate the ways in which he was able to address specific political events and the extent to which a given piece of literature could be treated as political writing. More specifically, several poems and the novel titled Das Engelchen, that refer to specific political events which occurred between the Congress of Vienna and the March Revolution, are analysed.

scholarly journals Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK KULBAKA
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Adam Mickiewicz

Jacek Kulbaka, Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 117–149. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.06The article is dedicated to presenting the information regarding the origins, organisation and the activity of special schools and institutions in Europe, with the particular focus on Polish territories (from the beginning of the 19th century to the final years of the Polish People’s Republic). The text nature may be included within the framework of inquiries regarding the history of education. Referring to the wide historical context (social, political, economical, legal, outlook and other determinants), the aim of the author of the text was to introduce the accomplishments of particular individuals, and various institutions active for the children with disabilities, in the discussed period.

scholarly journals Jakub hr. Potocki i jego dar dla Biblioteki Publicznej m.st. Warszawy z 1934 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Science ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of this article is to present the little recognized, but meritorious person figure of J. Potocki and his family in historical context, as well as to characterize the gift given to the Warsaw Public Library. The biographical findings presented below, critical references to some information contained in modest studies, as well as the indication of certain facts related to the condition of the collection of books and its transfer to the Public Library, were based on reviewed archival materials, partially preserved old catalogues, 19th and 20th century press releases, literature on history and library science. The method used was mainly a comparative analysis of materials encountered in the course of queries, with a preference for sources. Jakub Count Potocki (1863–1934) came from a well-known aristocratic family. He contributed to the Republic of Poland mainly through philanthropic activities. Shortly before his death, he was awarded the Great Ribbon of the Order of Polonia Restituta. Undoubtedly, his most important work was the bequest of almost all assets worth over 37 million PLN for the Jakub Count Potocki Foundation (September 1934), which was to finance research on cancer and tuberculosis by statute. In the same document, he donated paintings, tapestries, sculptures and furniture to the National Museum in Warsaw, and the book collection of about 11,900 volumes gathered in Helenów near Pruszków, to the Warsaw Public Library. As a whole, this collection, through provenance records and established information about its gradual accumulation by Stanisław and Jakub Potocki, as well as by the earlier owners of the book collections that joined it, proves the involvement of some representatives of the Polish intellectual elite of the 19th century in maintaining the memory of the former Polish Republic and thus maintaining the national spirit. The deliberate thematic selection is indicated by the nature of the literature collected by Sapieha, Potocki, Ignacy Count Łoś, Bentkowski, Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie or Jan Wincenty Stężyński Bandtkie, Kazimierz Stronczyński, Pruszyński. The analysis of the contents of this book collection leads to a closer acquaintance with the history of these figures, sometimes forgotten and meritorious for the Polish culture of the partition period.

scholarly journals Reviews of the Regions of the Russian Empire as a Historical Source on the History of Education (on the Example of the Regions of the Steppe Territory and Turkestan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
M.V. Rygalova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Region Matching ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Auxiliary Source

Reviews of the provinces and regions of the Russian Empire (appendices to the reports of governors) are a comprehensive source on the history of the regions. As the official statistical publication, the reviews are controversially assessed by historians for the reliability of the data. However, comparisons with other sources, as well as critical analysis, allow researchers to view the survey as a representative source. The article analyzes the source potential of reviews as a source on the history of the development of education in the outskirts territories of the Russian Empire. The characteristics of the information contained in the source on the development of education are given. As a result of working with the source, a set of issues in the field of education development that should be considered using the survey data as an independent or auxiliary source (quantitative growth of educational institutions, students, development of the network of educational institutions, its structure, features). The requirements for the structure of gubernatorial reports and their appendices were established at the beginning of the 19th century. However, the structure of reviews and the information presented in them differs significantly depending on the year or region. Matching of the information with other sections of the source and the historical context of the period under review allow us to conclude that the reviews in the education section are highly informative.

scholarly journals Modern-Day Public Space in the Historical Context of a City – New Development of the Cathedral Square (Domplatz) in Hamburg/ Współczesna Przestrzeń Publiczna W Hsitorycznym Kontekście Miasta – Nowe Zagospodarowanie Placu Katedralnego (Domplatz) W Hamburgu

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Renata Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
History Of

Abstract The article presents the history of transforming one of the oldest places in Hamburg - the Cathedral Square (Domplatz), as well as the influence of historical factors on the conception behind its development. A tumultuous history, especially the consequences of World War II, has led to the diminishment of its historical significance. The undeveloped quarter once occupied by a prehistoric settlement and St. Mary's Cathedral functioned as an urban wasteland and a parking lot for a few decades. Attempts to change this state of things proved unsuccessful. Currently, revitalization works aimed at renewing city centers are being realized more and more often, in order to make them become competitive against the overly developed suburbs and so as to return to the tradition of forming a European city. The green area established in the Cathedral Square in 2009 was to be built-up initially, but owing to the objection of urban communities - conservators, archeologists, politicians, as well as public opinion, such plans were abandoned. The proposed and realized current form of the square reflects the historical background of the city and honors the importance of the location. The article refers the described example to the Recommendation signed in 2011 by the UNESCO General Conference regarding Historic Urban Landscape.

scholarly journals On the issue of pricing works of art in the process of historical development of artistic practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Irina V. Chernyaeva ◽  
Lidiya V. Balakhnina
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Pricing Process ◽  
Domestic Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
The 19Th Century

In modern art practice, the issue of formation of symbolic and economic value of works of art remains acute and relevant. In the history of art art historians, curators, and art critics used to determine symbolic value. The issue of formation of economic value of works of art is still debatable. The task of the study is to identify features of the pricing of works of art inherent in individual periods of the development of artistic practices in a historical context. The authors address the issue retrospectively, considering the relationships between art and market, originated in the 18th century in Holland. The paper conducts a detailed analyze of the epistolary heritage of P. M. Tretiakov, concluding that in the 19th century it was the professional environment that acted as a regulator of the pricing of works of art. Economic conditions of the 20th century in the domestic art put to the forefront state insurance or state order, therefore the volume of payment of works depended on regalia and social status of an artist. The situation of the beginning of the 21st century brought not only new forms and mechanisms to the art market as Internet trading, corporate collecting, art banking, but also new problems that influenced the pricing process.

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