Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complex etiology of CVD is known to be significantly affected by environmental and social factors. There is, however, a lag in our understanding of how population level components may be related to the onset and severity of CVD, and how some indicators of unsatisfied basic needs might be related to known risk factors. Here, we present a cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and Social Development Index (SDI) in adult individuals within a metropolitan urban environment. The six components of SDI as well as socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and risk behavior parameters were explored within the study population. As a result, several CVRF (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and sodium) were found in a higher proportion in the low or very low levels of the SDI, and this pattern occurs more in women than in men. Canonical analysis indicates a correlation between other socioeconomic features and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical factors (canonical coefficient = 0.8030). Further studies along these lines are needed to fully establish how to insert such associations into the design of health policy and interventions with a view to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in metropolitan urban environments.

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The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Polish Soldiers: The Results from the MIL-SCORE Program

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/3973526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Grzegorz Gielerak ◽

Paweł Krzesiński ◽

Katarzyna Piotrowicz ◽

Piotr Murawski ◽

Andrzej Skrobowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Cross Sectional

The MIL-SCORE (Equalization of Accessibility to Cardiology Prophylaxis and Care for Professional Soldiers) program was designed to assess the prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in a population of Polish soldiers. We aimed to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the MIL-SCORE population with respect to age. This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 6440 soldiers (97% male) who underwent a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess cardiovascular risk. Almost half of the recruited soldiers were past or current smokers (46%). A sedentary lifestyle was reported in almost one-third of those over 40 years of age. The prevalence of hypertension in a subgroup over 50 years of age was almost 45%. However, the percentage of unsatisfactory blood pressure control was higher among soldiers below 40 years of age. The prevalence of overweight and obese soldiers increased with age and reached 58% and 27%, respectively, in those over 50 years of age. Total cholesterol was increased in over one-half of subjects, and the prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was even higher (60%). Triglycerides were increased in 36% of soldiers, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hyperglycemia were reported in 13% and 16% of soldiers, respectively. In the >50 years of age subgroup, high and very high cardiovascular risk scores were observed in almost one-third of soldiers. The relative risk assessed in younger subgroups was moderate or high. The results from the MIL-SCORE program suggest that Polish soldiers have multiple cardiovascular risk factors and mirror trends seen in the general population. Preventive programs aimed at early cardiovascular risk assessment and modification are strongly needed in this population.

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GW25-e3075 Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases among Uygur, Han and Kazakh populations of Xinjiang: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.466 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (16) ◽

pp. C100

Author(s):

Jing Tao ◽

Ma Yitong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Dietary diversity score and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005887 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 728-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽

Fereidoun Azizi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults.MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 581 subjects (295 males and 286 females) aged over 18 years, residents of Tehran, participated. Hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥ 126 mg dl−1or 2-h post challenge glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg dl−1. Hypertension was defined on the basis of the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Dietary diversity was defined according to the Diet Quality Index revised.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) DDS was 6.15 ± 1.02. The probability of having diabetes (odds ratio (OR) among quartiles: 1.45, 1.26, 1.11 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.04) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 1.41, 1.23, 1.05 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.04) decreased with increasing quartile of the diversity score for whole grains. The probability of having obesity (OR among quartiles: 1.39, 1.06, 1.03 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.03), hypercholesterolaemia (OR = 1.46, 1.28, 1.11 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.03), hypertension (OR = 1.32, 1.17, 1.13 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.03) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR = 1.25, 1.12, 1.07 and 1.00, respectively;Pfor trend = 0.04) decreased with increasing quartile of the diversity score for vegetables. The probability of having hypercholesterolaemia, high LDL-C, hypertension and diabetes decreased with quartile of the DDS. But the probability of being obese increased with quartile of the DDS (Pfor trend = 0.03).ConclusionDDS was inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors in this cross-sectional study. Increased diversity scores of diets, to increase the variety score for vegetables, may be emphasised in programmes attempting to bring about changes in lifestyle.

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KNOWLEDGE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i1.2020.245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Jorge Elias Daher Nader ◽

Manuel Balladares Mazzini ◽

Marlene Isabel Hernandez Navarro ◽

Manuel Balladares Salazar ◽

María Sánchez Vélez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

University Students ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has reached alarming figures in many regions of the world, including Ecuador. One of the objectives of medical universities is to train professionals capable of transforming the health status of the population from primary health care, in order to achieve the prevention of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors through changes in lifestyle. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors in university students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil of Ecuador. Methods: This is a quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil. The population consisted of a total of 183 students and the sample was made up of 125 students. Results: The students of the Obstetrics and Bachelor of Nursing degrees have less knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors than the students of the Medicine, Medical students (86%) and nursing (71%) consider cardiovascular diseases as the main causes of death, while those of obstetrics barely 40%, prioritizing almost to traffic accidents as one of the first causes. Conclusions: The needs to actively incorporate health promotion from university classrooms to incorporate in the mental structure of students and teachers the imperative need to generate individual changes and then generate health in society were identified.

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Relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the echogenicity and pattern of the carotid intima-media complex in men

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322490 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 97-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priscilla Lopes da Fonseca Abrantes Sarmento ◽

Frida Liane Plavnik ◽

Andrea Scaciota ◽

Joab Oliveira Lima ◽

Robson Barbosa Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arterial Blood

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The thickness of the carotid intima-media complex (C-IMC) is considered to be a marker of early atherosclerosis, but visual and echogenic changes to the C-IMC can also be noted. The objective here was to evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the echogenicity of the C-IMC and identify those most associated with an "abnormal" C-IMC. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the ultrasound sector of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Eighty men were evaluated. Measurements of arterial blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, fasting glucose, uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were obtained. The thickness of the C-IMC was measured by means of B-mode ultrasound, and the intima-media gray-scale mean (IM-GSM) and standard deviation (IM-SD) were calculated. RESULTS: The following were discriminating variables: fasting glucose (r2 = 0.036; P = 0.013), uric acid (r2 = 0.08; P = 0.03), IM-SD (r2 = 0.43; P < 0.001), IM-GSM (r2 = 0.35; P < 0.001) and thickness of the C-IMC (r2 = 0.29; P < 0.001). IM-GSM showed significant correlations with WC (r = -0.22; P = 0.005), fasting glucose (r = -0.24; P = 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.27; P = 0.0007). CONCLUSION: IM-GSM showed correlations with WC, fasting glucose and HDL-C. However, uric acid and IM-SD presented the greatest discriminating impact. These results suggest that visual changes in C-IMC may help identify patients with potential cardiovascular risk, independently of the thickness of the C-IMC.

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Blood Rheology Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases: Results of an Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Study

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331978803901109 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 986-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wolfgang Koenig ◽

Edzard Ernst ◽

Arpad Matrai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Blood Rheology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases

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Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211003762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 003685042110037

Author(s):

Zhichong Chen ◽

Menghui Liu ◽

Shaozhao Zhang ◽

Zhenyu Xiong ◽

Xiangbin Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors

China is at a stage of rapid urbanization over the past decades, and the association of urbanization with cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by previous studies. However, few studies assessed the association of urbanization with cardiovascular risk factors, especially in Chinese population. We conducted a cross-sectional, populational-based study, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of urbanization measured by urban index with cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption), varied with sex. The current study included 18,887 participants enrolled (mean age 39.8 ± 19.8 years; 52.2% female) who live in China. In regression model, the urban index was significantly associated with the variations of cardiovascular risk factors for male, including diabetes (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22–1.48), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22), never smoking (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96), higher fruits and vegetables consumptions (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.22), and higher physical activity (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66–0.73). Compared with the male, the associations of urban index with cardiovascular risk factors for female were similar, but not for BMI (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.05). The present finding emphasizes the changes of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in China, and indicated that close attention should be paid to the risk of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and men’s obesity in the process of urbanization.

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