scholarly journals Volume Overload Initiates an Immune Response in the Right Ventricle at the Neonatal Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Cui ◽  
Sijuan Sun ◽  
Hongbin Zhu ◽  
Yingying Xiao ◽  
Chuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
The Right

Background: Pulmonary regurgitation caused by the correction or palliation of pediatric tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) leads to chronic right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO), which induces adolescent RV dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which VO initiates neonatal RV remodeling may bring new insights into the post-surgical management of pediatric TOF.Methods and Results: We created a fistula between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava on postnatal day 1 (P1) using a rat model to induce neonatal VO. Echocardiography revealed that the velocity and velocity- time-integral of the pulmonary artery (PA) were significantly elevated, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the diameter of the RV significantly increased. RNA-seq analysis of the RV on P7 indicated that the top 10 enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the top 20 enriched terms in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were associated with immune responses. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated that the number of CD4+and CD8+ immune cells were significantly augmented in the VO group compared with the sham group.Conclusions: A neonatal cardiac VO rat model on P1 was successfully created, providing a platform for studying the molecular biology of neonatal RV under the influence of VO. VO - induces an immune response at the neonatal stage (from P1 to P7), suggesting that immune responses may be an initiating factor for neonatal RV remodeling under the influence of VO and that immunosuppressants may be used to prevent pediatric RV remodeling caused by VO.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism Has Low Impact on the Response against Rotavirus Infection in Suckling Rats

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Carla Morales-Ferré ◽  
Ignasi Azagra-Boronat ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Antibody Levels

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading pathogens causing severe and acute diarrhea in children and animals. It is well known that sex contributes to shaping immune responses, thus it could also influence the incidence and severity of the RV infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of sexual dimorphism on RV infection and its antibody (Ab) immune response in a suckling rat model. Neonatal suckling rats were intragastrically RV-inoculated and clinical indexes derived from fecal samples, as well as immune variables were evaluated. Higher severity of diarrhea, fecal weight and viral elimination were observed in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Regarding the adaptative immunity, the RV shaped the immune response to lower IgG1 levels and an increased Th1/Th2-associated Ab response (p < 0.05). Although females had lower IgG2a levels than males (p < 0.05), the specific anti-RV antibody levels were not sex influenced. In fact, at this age the passive transfer of anti-RV antibodies through breast milk was the critical factor for clustering animals, independently of their sex. It can be concluded that male and female diarrhea severity in RV infection is slightly influenced by sexual dimorphism and is not associated with the specific immune response against the virus.

Combined hybrid pulmonary valve placement and atrial septal defect closure: case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-739
Author(s):  
Omar Abu-Anza ◽  
Kaitlin Carr ◽  
Osamah Aldoss
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Pulmonary Valve Replacement ◽  
Device Closure ◽  
Atrial Septal Defect Closure ◽  
Valve Placement ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe report a case of a 15-year-old female who underwent combined hybrid pulmonary valve replacement and transcatheter atrial septal defect device closure, which was performed due to severe volume overload of the right side of the heart secondary to pulmonary regurgitation and atrial septal defect.

Antigen-Specific Immune Response in the Inner Ear

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Tomiyama ◽  
Elizabeth M. Keithley ◽  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
The Right

The specificity of inner ear immune responses was investigated by challenging each inner ear of presensitized animals with different antigens. Animals presensitized systemically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were challenged with klh in the right and BSA in the left inner ears. Two weeks later perilymph anti-klh levels were increased significantly in the right inner ears compared to the levels in the left inner ears. In contrast, perilymph anti-BSA levels were increased significantly in the left inner ears compared to the levels in the right inner ears. These results suggested that the rise in perilymph antibody following inner ear antigen challenge was predominantly the result of an antigen-specific immune response in the inner ear and not simply the result of an increase in vascular permeability or serum contamination from the experimental procedure itself.

Pulmonary hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Michel Slama ◽  
Julien Maizel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in ICU patients, particularly in septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, and cardiac heart failure. Although many patients with lung diseases develop chronic PH, primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is less frequent, but still can be observed in ICU patients. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) can be assessed using continuous-wave Doppler with the help of colour Doppler. Tricuspid regurgitation can be recorded with systolic as well as mean PAP estimated respectively from maximal and mean velocity of flow. Excellent correlations with invasive methods were found despite PAP increasing with age, body mass, and arterial hypertension. Pulmonary regurgitation is useful to estimate diastolic, mean, and systolic PAP. The right ventricular outflow tract flow can be used to rule out or rule in PH. Also, isovolumic contraction time on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) tricuspid annular velocities allows prediction of systolic PAP (sPAP). Chronic and acute PH are usually associated with dilation of the right ventricle, atrium, and inferior vena cava as well as paradoxical septal movement. Right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular systolic function, and the size of the left ventricle can help to differentiate chronic from acute PH.

The relationship between longitudinal, lateral, and septal contribution to stroke volume in patients with pulmonary regurgitation and healthy volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (6) ◽  
pp. H895-H903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Stephensen ◽  
Katarina Steding-Ehrenborg ◽  
Peter Munkhammar ◽  
Einar Heiberg ◽  
Hakan Arheden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Atrioventricular Plane Displacement ◽  
Cardiac Volumes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Septal Motion

Septal systolic motion is towards the left ventricle (LV) in healthy hearts. Patients with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and right ventricular (RV) volume overload have systolic septal motion toward the RV. This may affect the longitudinal contribution from atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) and septal and lateral contribution to stroke volume (SV). The study aimed to quantify these contributions to SV in patients with PR. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used for assessment of cardiac volumes. Patients ( n = 30; age 9–59 yr) with PR due to surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot and 54 healthy controls (age 10–66 yr) were studied. Longitudinal contribution to RVSV was 47 ± 2% (means ± SE) in patients with PR and 79 ± 1% in controls ( P < 0.001). Lateral contribution to RVSV and LVSV was 40 ± 1 and 62 ± 2% in patients and 31 ± 1 and 36 ± 1% in controls ( P < 0.001 for both). Septal motion contributed to RVSV by 8 ± 1% in patients and by 7 ± 1% to LVSV in controls ( P < 0.001). PR patients have decreased longitudinal contribution to RVSV and increased lateral pumping, resulting in larger outer volume changes and septal motion towards the RV. The changes in RV pumping physiology may be explained by RV remodeling resulting in lower systolic inflow of blood into the right atrium in relation to SV. This avoids the development of pendulum volume between the caval veins and right atrium, which would occur in PR patients if longitudinal contribution to SV was preserved. Decreased AVPD suggests that tricuspid annular excursion, a marker of RV function, is less valid in these patients.

170 Getting the Right Immune Response to HIV: Evaluation of Protective Immune Responses After Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
George N Pavlakis ◽  
Antonio Valentin ◽  
Margherita Rosati ◽  
Agneta von Gegerfelt ◽  
Vainav Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
The Right

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

scholarly journals Coupled complementation of immune response genes controlling responsiveness to the H-2.2 alloantigen.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Dorf ◽  
J H Stimpfling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

The ability of various B10 congenic resistant strains to respond to the alloantigen H-2.2 was tested. High and low antibody-producing strains were distinguished by their anti-H-2.2 hemagglutinating respones. However, these strains do not differ in their ability to respond to these antigenic differences in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The humoral response to the H-2.2 alloantigen was shown to be controlled by two interacting genes localized within the H-2 complex. Thus, F1 hybrids prepared between parental low responder strains could yield high level immune responses. In addition, strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the two distinct genes controlling the immune response. The alleles at each locus were shown to be highly polymorphic as evidenced by the asymmetric complementation patterns observed. The restricted interactions of specific alleles was termed coupled complementation. The significance of the results in the terms of mechanisms of Ir gene control are discussed.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Type 2 Response by CXCR6-Deficient ILC2 in Papain-Induced Lung Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meunier ◽  
Chea ◽  
Garrido ◽  
Perchet ◽  
Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Lymphoid Organogenesis ◽  
Deficient Mice

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important players of early immune defenses in situations like lymphoid organogenesis or in case of immune response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Th1 and Th2 antagonism is crucial for the regulation of immune responses, however mechanisms are still unclear for ILC functions. ILC2 and NK cells were reported to be both involved in allergic airway diseases and were shown to be able to interplay in the regulation of the immune response. CXCR6 is a common chemokine receptor expressed by all ILC, and its deficiency affects ILC2 and ILC1/NK cell numbers and functions in lungs in both steady-state and inflammatory conditions. We determined that the absence of a specific ILC2 KLRG1+ST2– subset in CXCR6-deficient mice is probably dependent on CXCR6 for its recruitment to the lung under inflammation. We show that despite their decreased numbers, lung CXCR6-deficient ILC2 are even more activated cells producing large amount of type 2 cytokines that could drive eosinophilia. This is strongly associated to the decrease of the lung Th1 response in CXCR6-deficient mice.

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