scholarly journals Comparison of Nanomaterials for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Tight Sandstone Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjun Zhang ◽  
Xu Jin ◽  
Jiaping Tao ◽  
Bo Xiong ◽  
Zhijian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

With dwindling conventional oil resources, the development of high-performance oil-displacing agents to exploit unconventional oil and gas resources has become a research focus, and new technical ideas have been proposed for petroleum engineering with the advancement of nanomaterials and technology. This study characterized the microscopic pore throat structure of the unconventional tight sandstone reservoir of Ordos Basin in China comprehensively by using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, image panoramic mosaic technology, mineral quantitative scanning system, and 3D image of pore. A new nanofluid with diphenyl ether surfactants as shell and C10–C14 straight-chain hydrocarbon compounds as kernel was prepared according to the features of tight sandstone reservoirs. The basic physical properties of the nanofluid were evaluated and compared with those of three other generic oil-displacing agents to understand the oil-displacement effect and mechanism. Results show that this nanofluid remains relatively stable and dispersible with aging and its average particle size matches well with the pore throat size of the target reservoir, which increases the sweep volume effectively. Additionally, the change from oil-wet to water-wet can exert capillary imbibition. And the oil-water interfacial tension can be greatly reduced to the level of 10–2 mN/m because of nanofluid’s excellent interfacial activity, which improves the efficiency of oil washing in nano-scale pore throats. Finally, the core imbibition experiment further demonstrated the superiority of the nanofluid. Using the nanofluid in optimal concentration with cores of approximately 0.1 mD can achieve a recovery rate of 37.5%, which is higher than generic oil-displacing agents by up to 9%. This study demonstrates that the excellent performance of nanofluid in enhancing oil recovery and provides a reference for the development of unconventional reservoirs, which are difficult to function with generic agents.

scholarly journals A reservoir quality evaluation approach for tight sandstone reservoirs based on the gray correlation algorithm: A case study of the Chang 6 layer in the W area of the as oilfield, Ordos Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872199851
Author(s):  
Yuyang Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Shi ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Lixia Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Correlation Algorithm ◽  
Gray Correlation ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

As an important type of unconventional hydrocarbon, tight sandstone oil has great present and future resource potential. Reservoir quality evaluation is the basis of tight sandstone oil development. A comprehensive evaluation approach based on the gray correlation algorithm is established to effectively assess tight sandstone reservoir quality. Seven tight sandstone samples from the Chang 6 reservoir in the W area of the AS oilfield in the Ordos Basin are employed. First, the petrological and physical characteristics of the study area reservoir are briefly discussed through thin section observations, electron microscopy analysis, core physical property tests, and whole-rock and clay mineral content experiments. Second, the pore type, throat type and pore and throat combination characteristics are described from casting thin sections and scanning electron microscopy. Third, high-pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption experiments are optimized to evaluate the characteristic parameters of pore throat distribution, micro- and nanopore throat frequency, permeability contribution and volume continuous distribution characteristics to quantitatively characterize the reservoir micro- and nanopores and throats. Then, the effective pore throat frequency specific gravity parameter of movable oil and the irreducible oil pore throat volume specific gravity parameter are introduced and combined with the reservoir physical properties, multipoint Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, displacement pressure, maximum mercury saturation and mercury withdrawal efficiency parameters as the basic parameters for evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir quality. Finally, the weight coefficient of each parameter is calculated by the gray correlation method, and a reservoir comprehensive evaluation indicator (RCEI) is designed. The results show that the study area is dominated by types II and III tight sandstone reservoirs. In addition, the research method in this paper can be further extended to the evaluation of shale gas and other unconventional reservoirs after appropriate modification.

scholarly journals Microscale Pore Throat Differentiation and Its Influence on the Distribution of Movable Fluid in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Dong ◽  
Xuefei Lu ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Xinjiu Rao ◽  
Zeyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Throat Radius ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
Classification Evaluation ◽  
Better Than

Tight sandstone reservoirs have small pore throat sizes and complex pore structures. Taking the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Huaqing area of the Ordos Basin as an example, based on casting thin sections, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, and modal analysis of pore size distribution characteristics, the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the study area can be divided into two types: wide bimodal mode reservoirs and asymmetric bimodal mode reservoirs. Based on the information entropy theory, the concept of “the entropy of microscale pore throats” is proposed to characterize the microscale pore throat differentiation of different reservoirs, and its influence on the distribution of movable fluid is discussed. There were significant differences in the entropy of the pore throat radius at different scales, which were mainly shown as follows: the entropy of the pore throat radius of 0.01~0.1 μm, >0.1 μm, and <0.01 μm decreased successively; that is, the complexity of the pore throat structure decreased successively. The correlation between the number of movable fluid occurrences on different scales of pore throats and the entropy of microscale pore throats in different reservoirs is also different, which is mainly shown as follows: in the intervals of >0.1 μm and 0.01~0.1 μm, the positive correlation between the occurrence quantity of movable fluid in the wide bimodal mode reservoir is better than that in the asymmetric bimodal mode reservoir. However, there was a negative correlation between the entropy of the pore throat radius and the number of fluid occurrences in the two types of reservoirs in the pore throat radius of <0.01 μm. Therefore, pore throats of >0.1 μm and 0.01~0.1 μm play a controlling role in studying the complexity of the microscopic pore throat structure and the distribution of movable fluid in the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir. The above results deepen the understanding of the pore throat structure of tight sandstone reservoirs and present guiding significance for classification evaluation, quantitative characterization, and efficient development of tight sandstone reservoirs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of movable fluids in tight sandstone reservoir and its influencing factors: a case study of Chang 7 reservoir in the Southwestern of Ordos Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Xu ◽  
Linyu Liu ◽  
Yushuang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Occurrence Characteristics ◽  
Tight Reservoirs ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

AbstractAiming at the problem of complicated occurrence and flow state of the fluid in tight sandstone reservoir, this paper takes Chang 7 reservoirs in Southwestern of Ordos Basin as an example to analyze the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids by nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, while takes a series of microscopic experiments to analyze the influencing factors of difference of movable fluids. The results show that the T2 spectrum curves of fluid-saturated samples from Chang 7 reservoirs in the study area are dominated by the unimodal shape and the left-high-peak-right-low-peak bimodal shape. After centrifugation, the T2 spectrum curves are dominated by the left-high-peak-right-low-peak bimodal shape. The average movable fluid saturation is 33.27%, and the average T2 cutoff value is 13.61 ms. The movable fluids are mainly distributed in medium and large pores, and a small amount is distributed in small pores. The occurrence characteristics of movable fluids in tight reservoirs are complex and not controlled by a single factor. The size of throats and the connectivity of pore-throat have obvious effects on the saturation of movable fluids. The small size of throats and poor connectivity of pore-throat in tight reservoirs not only restrict the fluids in micropores, but also make the fluids in macropores difficult to flow under the control of small throats. The development of clay minerals will make the pore throats smaller, more complex and have poorer connectivity, and increase the fluid seepage resistance. On the other hand, it will make the specific surface area larger, which will cause a large number of fluids adsorbed on the clay surface and difficult to flow, resulting in the reduction of movable fluid saturation.

scholarly journals Multifractal Characteristics and Classification of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study from the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Jiang ◽  
Zhiqiang Mao ◽  
Yujiang Shi ◽  
Daxing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Throat Radius ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure

Pore structure determines the ability of fluid storage and migration in rocks, expressed as porosity and permeability in the macroscopic aspects, and the pore throat radius in the microcosmic aspects. However, complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity make the accurate description of the tight sandstone reservoir of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China still a problem. In this paper, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) parameters were applied to characterize the heterogeneity of pore structure, and three types of pore structure were divided, from high to low quality and defined as Type I, Type II and Type III, separately. Then, the multifractal analysis based on the MICP data was conducted to investigate the heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoir. The relationships among physical properties, MICP parameters and a series of multifractal parameters have been detailed analyzed. The results showed that four multifractal parameters, singularity exponent parameter (αmin), generalized dimension parameter (Dmax), information dimension (D1), and correlation dimension (D2) were in good correlations with the porosity and permeability, which can well characterize the pore structure and reservoir heterogeneity of the study area, while the others didn’t respond well. Meanwhile, there also were good relationships between these multifractal and MICP parameters.

scholarly journals Study on Geochemical Characteristics of tight sandstone gas accumulation in Linxing area

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Yangbing Li ◽  
Weiqiang Hu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Litao Ma ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Reservoir Type ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir ◽  
Main Component

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of tight sandstone gas composition, carbon isotope, light hydrocarbons and source rocks in Linxing area of Ordos Basin, the reservoir-forming model of tight sandstone gas in this area is discussed. The study shows that methane is the main component of tight sandstone gas, with low contents of heavy hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, mainly belonging to dry gas in the Upper Paleozoic in Linxing area. The values of δ13C1, δ13C2 and δ13C3 of natural gas are in the ranges of -45.6‰ ~ -32.9‰, -28.9‰ ~ -22.3‰ and -26.2‰~ -19.1‰, respectively. The carbon isotopic values of alkane gas show a general trend of positive carbon sequence. δ13C1 value is less than -30‰, with typical characteristics of organic genesis. There is a certain similarity in the composition characteristics of light hydrocarbons. The C7 series show the advantage of methylhexane, while the C5-7 series mainly shows the advantage of isoalkane. The tight sandstone gas in this area is mainly composed of mature coal-derived gas, containing a small amount of coal-derived gas and oil-type gas mixture. According to the mode of hydrocarbon generation, diffusion and migration of source rocks in Linxing area, the tight sandstone gas in the study area can be divided into three types of reservoir-forming assemblages: the upper reservoir type of the far-source type (upper Shihezi formation-shiqianfeng formation sandstone reservoir-forming away from source rocks), the upper reservoir type of the near-source type ( the Lower Shihezi formation sandstone reservoir-outside the source rock), and the self-storage type of the source type (Shanxi formation-Taiyuan formation source rock internal sand reservoir).

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