scholarly journals Investigation of the Techno-Economical Feasibility of the Power-to-Methane Process Based on Molten Carbonate Electrolyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayan Monzer ◽  
Rodrigo Rivera-Tinoco ◽  
Chakib Bouallou
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
The Impact

High-temperature steam/CO2 electrolysis process has been the scope of study for the last decades. This study confers a feasible and environmental approach to convert low-carbon electrical energy into chemical energy, stored in the form of synthetic gas (H2 and CO) to be further processed in line with the final use target. It focuses on the Power-to-Methane technology using a high-temperature molten carbonates electrolyzer (MCEC). A large-scale process composed of the built-in MCEC model and the Balance of Plant (BOP) equipment is proposed and simulated with AspenPLUS software, taking into consideration the possible heat integration in the system for saving energy consumption. The proposed full-based process system shows an overall efficiency of 72%. The employment of this carbon neutral process relies on its economic competitiveness. For this reason, an economic assessment is conducted to investigate the economic feasibility of the proposed process. Indeed, the current methane production cost resulting from this process is not as competitive as market prices induced by other technologies. However, a parametric study demonstrating the impact factors on the methane selling price reveals that amelioration in the lifespan of the electrolyzer, accompanied by a reduction in its cost, can be an attractive solution, given the current market technology. This overall analysis sheds light on the role of the proposed process as an environmental-friendly and cost feasible solution for synthetic methane production.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of CCUS Retrofitting of Coal-fired Power Plants Based on Net Cash Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Jingqi Jin ◽  
Feng Xue ◽  
Bin Cai ◽  
Xinxin Yang ◽  
Yening Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is one of the key technologies for realizing large-scale low-carbon utilization of coal-fired power plants in service. How to evaluate its economics is crucial to the decision-making of traditional coal-fired power enterprises. This paper analyzes the changes in the physical, emission and economic parameters of in-service coal-fired power plants without and with the CCUS retrofit. A method for evaluating the economic feasibility of coal-fired power plants retrofitting based on net cash flow is proposed, which compares the impact of CCUS retrofit on the net present value of the remaining life cycle of the power plant. The impact of uncertain parameters such as carbon dioxide sales unit price, carbon capture device operating cost, free carbon quota, and carbon emission right price on the evaluation results are analyzed.

scholarly journals The Impact of China’s Low-Carbon Initiative on the Location Expansion of International SPA Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Zhao ◽  
Chong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

“Fast fashion” represents a short product life cycle, and international SPA enterprises are therefore criticised as representatives of high energy consumption, pollution, and emissions, which is contrary to China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality. In the context of China’s shift to a low-carbon economic development model, how should SPA enterprises breakthrough in the face of China’s large-scale market advantage and domestic demand potential? Based on the statistics of 277 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2018, this article selects 5 leading international SPA enterprises and uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the impact of low-carbon initiative on the location expansion of international SPA enterprises. The results suggest that the quantity of location expansions of SPA enterprises in the pilot cities is significantly lower by approximately 0.418 units compared with the nonpilot cities, implying that the low-carbon initiative has a significant inhibitory effect on the location expansion of SPA enterprises. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is valid. The results of the heterogeneity test suggest that the suppression effect is mainly found in the subsample of central cities and cities with medium and low levels of economic development. This article proposes that SPA enterprises should reduce their carbon emissions and gradually explore a green and sustainable development path.

Construction of Rural Financial System Based on the Concept of Low Carbon Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4478-4481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Carbon Economy

Based on rural as research object, this paper mainly combines the local rural development present situation to measure rural carbon emissions, and with the help of Kaya model respectively. The rural residents' energy consumption and carbon emissions are generated by the impact factors of agricultural production LMDI decomposition. And it established the cointegration model of influence factors of the carbon in the empirical analysis. It seek a accord with the actual situation of rural low carbon economy development path.

scholarly journals Light or Dark Greywater for Water Reuse? Economic Assessment of On-Site Greywater Treatment Systems in Rural Areas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leiva ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Sánchez ◽  
Jennyfer Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The Impact

Water scarcity is causing a great impact on the population. Rural areas are most affected by often lacking a stable water supply, being more susceptible to the impact of drought events, and with greater risk of contamination due to the lack of appropriate water treatment systems. Decentralized greywater treatment systems for water reuse in rural areas can be a powerful alternative to alleviate these impacts. However, the economic feasibility of these systems must be thoroughly evaluated. This study reports an economic analysis carried out on the viability of greywater reuse considering scenarios with light greywater or dark greywater to be treated. For this, data obtained from the assembly and monitoring of greywater treatment systems located in the north-central zone of Chile, supplemented with data obtained from the literature were used. The results showed that both scenarios are not economically viable, since the investment and operating costs are not amortized by the savings in water. In both evaluated cases (public schools), the economic indicators were less negative when treating light greywater compared with the sum of light greywater and dark greywater as the inlet water to be treated. The investment and operating costs restrict the implementation of these water reuse systems, since in the evaluation period (20 years) a return on the initial investment is not achieved. Even so, our results suggest that the best alternative to reuse greywater in small-scale decentralized systems is to treat light greywater, but it is necessary to consider a state subsidy that not only supports capital costs but also reduces operating and maintenance costs. These findings support the idea that the type of water to be treated is a factor to consider in the implementation of decentralized greywater treatment systems for the reuse of water in rural areas and can help decision-making on the design and configuration of these systems.

scholarly journals Antibacterial coating of implants: are we missing something?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Romanò ◽  
H. Tsuchiya ◽  
I. Morelli ◽  
A. G. Battaglia ◽  
L. Drago
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Surgical Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Coating ◽  
Antibacterial Coatings ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Implant-related infection is one of the leading reasons for failure in orthopaedics and trauma, and results in high social and economic costs. Various antibacterial coating technologies have proven to be safe and effective both in preclinical and clinical studies, with post-surgical implant-related infections reduced by 90% in some cases, depending on the type of coating and experimental setup used. Economic assessment may enable the cost-to-benefit profile of any given antibacterial coating to be defined, based on the expected infection rate with and without the coating, the cost of the infection management, and the cost of the coating. After reviewing the latest evidence on the available antibacterial coatings, we quantified the impact caused by delaying their large-scale application. Considering only joint arthroplasties, our calculations indicated that for an antibacterial coating, with a final user’s cost price of €600 and able to reduce post-surgical infection by 80%, each year of delay to its large-scale application would cause an estimated 35 200 new cases of post-surgical infection in Europe, equating to additional hospital costs of approximately €440 million per year. An adequate reimbursement policy for antibacterial coatings may benefit patients, healthcare systems, and related research, as could faster and more affordable regulatory pathways for the technologies still in the pipeline. This could significantly reduce the social and economic burden of implant-related infections in orthopaedics and trauma.Cite this article: C. L. Romanò, H. Tsuchiya, I. Morelli, A. G. Battaglia, L. Drago. Antibacterial coating of implants: are we missing something? Bone Joint Res 2019;8:199–206. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0316.

scholarly journals Can Smart City Policy Facilitate the Low-Carbon Economy in China? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on Pilot City

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Fan ◽  
Shengnan Peng ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
City Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Economy

This paper studies the impact of the implementation of smart city policy (SCP) on the development of low-carbon economy (LCE) in China. For this purpose, we developed a nonconvex meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure LCE and used the differences-in-difference (DID) analysis method in the econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of SCP on LCE, using the dataset of 230 cities from 2005 to 2018. The results show that the implementation of SCP can significantly improve the LCE of cities, and the dynamic effect test presents that the promotion of smart cities to low-carbon economy increases with time. In addition, SCP promotes the development of LCE by optimizing government functions and improving the efficiency of governance and the degree of implementation openness. But there is heterogeneity between different cities as follows: the implementation of SCP has a more significant effect on the promotion of LCE in central and western regions in China and large-scale cities and cities without strict environmental protection planning. Finally, the robustness test verifies the reliability of the experimental data again and puts forward conclusions and policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Use of nanoparticles to improve thermochemical resistance of synthetic polymer to enhanced oil recovery applications: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Henderson Ivan Quintero Perez ◽  
Maria Carolina Ruiz Cañas ◽  
Ruben Hernan Castro Garcia ◽  
Arnold Rafael Romero Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Impact

Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the polymer most used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes and it has been implemented in several field projects worldwide. Polymer injection has shown to be an effective EOR process. However, it has not been implemented massively due to HPAM polymer's limitations, mostly related to thermal and chemical degradation caused by exposure at high temperatures and salinities (HTHS). As an alternative, a new generation of chemically stable monomers to improve the properties of HPAM has been assessed at laboratory and field conditions. However, the use of enhanced polymers is limited due to its larger molecular size, large-scale production, and higher costs. One of the alternatives proposed in the last decade to improve polymer properties is the use of nanoparticles, which due to their ultra-small size, large surface area, and highly reactive capacity, can contribute to reduce or avoid the degrading processes of HPAM polymers. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be integrated with the polymer in several ways, it being worth to highlight mixing with the polymer in aqueous solution or inclusion by grafting or chemical functionalization on the nanoparticle surface. This review focuses on hybrid nanomaterials based on SiO2 NPs and synthetic polymers with great EOR potential. The synthesis process, characterization, and the main properties for application in EOR processes, were reviewed and analyzed. Nanohybrids based on polymers and silica nanoparticles show promising results in improving viscosity and thermal stability compared to the HPAM polymer precursor. Furthermore, based on recent findings, there are great opportunities to implement polymer nanofluids in cEOR projects. This approach could be of value to optimize the technical-economic feasibility of projects by reducing the polymer concentration of using reasonable amounts of nanoparticles. However, more significant efforts are required to understand the impact of nanoparticle concentrations and injection rates to support the upscaling of this cEOR technology.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fishers in the Indramayu District

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Y D Sari ◽  
Mira ◽  
S H Suryawati ◽  
B O Nababan ◽  
Y Hikmayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Secondary Methods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has been perceived by all community. The global economic slowdown has an impact on Indonesia’s economic growth. Exports of Indonesian fishery products are delayed due to restrictions on imported products in Indonesia’s export destination countries. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of fishery resources in the Indramayu District. The data used in this study are primary and secondary. Methods of data analysis using quantitative descriptive. The results showed that fishermen in the Indramayu District continue to catch fish using the same fishing fleet and gear at the same fishing ground. The decline in business income due to the decrease in the selling price of fish causes a decrease in business capital and a decrease in the source of livelihood for small-scale fishermen. Fishermen’s income has decreased by 20-30% per trip. Fishers continue to use the same boat, fishing gear, fishing ground, operational costs, and crew. The adaptation made by small fishermen is to reduce the number of trips to avoid losses when catches are low. The adaptation carried out by large-scale fishermen is to look for alternative sources of capital for operational costs to be still carried out during the fishing season. The government can provide fishing gear assistance and financial assistance to small fishers and provide capital institutions for large-scale fishers in reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fishers in Indramayu.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis for manufacturing cross-laminated timber

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7790-7804
Author(s):  
Kristin Brandt ◽  
Alex Wilson ◽  
Donald Bender ◽  
James D. Dolan ◽  
Michael P. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a bio-based building material that enables rapid construction and buildings with low embodied energy. Despite its comparative maturity in European markets, relatively little information regarding process design and economics for the manufacture of cross-laminated timber is available in the literature. Two techno-economic analyses were conducted to quantify the mill-gate cost of cross-laminated timber. The cross-laminated timber manufacturing process was described, and costs were analyzed for two facility scales. Cross-laminated timber produced at the large-scale facility using lumber priced at an average value for the northwest United States has a minimum selling price of $536/m3. Sensitivity analyses were used to define the impact of plant size, asset utilization, lumber price, plant capital cost, material waste, and other variables on minimum selling price. The cost of cross laminated timber rises quickly when a facility is not fully utilized. The second-ranking cost controlling variable is lumber price, while energy prices have minimal influence. The price of cross laminated timber can be optimized by locating a facility near low-cost lumber. The lowest-price region analyzed was the southeast United States using Southern Pine, which reduced the cost of cross laminated timber to $518/m3.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed Shar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document