scholarly journals Financialization of Water: Conceptual Analysis of the California Water Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Orobello ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
California Water ◽  
The Poor

Water is a rapidly shrinking commodity. As we continue to use water for industry, farming, and sustaining our own lives, we must realize its intrinsic value. In December of 2020, water was given a new value as a future on a commodities market. This paper aims to discuss the practical, ethical, and financial considerations of trading water in this manner. A thorough conceptual analysis of the literature and research from 2009 to 2020 related to commodities and their history was performed, and a more contemporary review of water policy and pricing. The goal is to develop a mixed solution that gives value to water without allowing it to be exploited to the detriment of the poor; water must be accessible and affordable if it is to be managed ethically. Approaching water as a high-value resource might create a market that makes it unobtainable for most of us; however, with a system that controls pricing, creates standards, and simultaneously works to increase the supply of water, we may be able to create a “market.” Our critique of the research and available solutions indicates rising water prices and mostly regressive policies. As a result, market controls need to be implemented to control pricing while ensuring water availability for all.

A Conceptual Analysis of the Nixon Welfare Proposal

1970 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
George Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Person ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

Examination of the plan finds the focus still on the poor person and his presumed shortcomings, not on the societal and economic causes of poverty

Water shortages constrain Iran's economic outlook

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Industrial Demand ◽  
Economic Outlook

Subject Iran water crisis. Significance Increasing demand and ineffective management, exacerbated by climate change, are imposing unsustainable strains on the country's freshwater resources. Water shortages have stoked local conflicts within Iran, and clashes with Afghan forces. Mounting water stresses risk undermining economic development, food security and, potentially, political order. Impacts Water scarcity will increase competition for water between agriculture, power generation, urban and industrial demand. Food security will be highly vulnerable to diminishing water availability, increasing import bills and fiscal burdens. Inter-provincial and international tensions over shared waters will rise. Mass population displacements from desertified regions could occur. The environmental sector will provide increasing opportunities for economic and diplomatic engagement with Iran as sanctions are lifted.

Cape Town’s Contested Hierarchy of Demand for Agricultural and Municipal Water in a Rainfed Economy 2017–2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 546-564
Author(s):  
Anthony Colman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The South ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The City

The article provides an analysis of the stakeholders involved in policy decision making on water utilization, especially during the Water Crisis of 2017–2018. It looks at this through the prism of the meetings and key informants of the South African Parliament Portfolio Committee on Water and Sanitation, the City of Cape Town Council and the farmers of the Western Cape. It also considers the effects of the prioritization of the use of water for drinking water and sanitation over agriculture. The South Africa water policy principles set by its Constitution and the Acts of 1996–1997 provide a comparator.

A role for GIS-based simulation for empowering local stakeholders in water resources negotiations in developing countries: case studies for two rural hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Luijten ◽  
E. B. Knapp ◽  
S. I. Sanz ◽  
J. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Development Scenarios

Water security for those living in poverty is a concern for a broad range of policy makers. Identifying appropriate policy options, however, means coping with complexity and uncertainty inherent in natural and human systems. This paper demonstrates how geographical information systems and simulation modeling can facilitate scenario analysis of water availability and water security. The result is policy development with a strong human context that can empower stakeholders in water resources negotiations and the design of a science-based, community-supported water resources management plans. We applied these tools to two hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia to generate basic information about the “state of water resources”, and how they may change over space and time, for the present situation and under alternatives futures. Stakeholder participation in creating and analyzing scenarios is a critical part of the overall policy development methodological framework, so that what might otherwise be only lines on a graph is put into more concrete human terms. The analyses showed that, among others, stream water availability and the location of streams strongly vary throughout the year and over space; that different parts of the watersheds do not equally contribute to stream water; that inequalities exist in household accessibility to streams; and that dams could help supply sufficient irrigation water under alternative development scenarios without endangering water supply to downstream communities. These results are helpful for better understanding landscape processes at a watershed scale, for identifying desired future conditions and negotiating tradeoffs that are required to reach them, and for supporting water policy development.

Supplementary feeding options to alleviate the impacts of decreased water availability on dairy-farm economic performance in northern Victoria

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. M. Ho ◽  
B. Malcolm ◽  
P. T. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Feed System ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Variable Water

The anticipated effects of climate change, competing demands from the environment, industry and urban users, and changes in water policy are likely to reduce the amount and increase the variability of water allocations to dairy farmers in northern Victoria. The way two irrigated dairy farms that differed in feedbase characteristics, herd size and farm area, would operate and perform with reduced and more variable water allocations was examined over 10 years. Strategies to manage the impact of changed water availability were tested; namely, increasing milk production by feeding more supplementary feed, changing the feed system to present supplements in a partial mixed ration (PMR), and increasing milk production by using a PMR. Neither farm was profitable under medium climate change, or if the conditions that generated the low inflows of water into irrigation supply dams between 1996–97 and 2006–07 prevailed, unless changes were made to the farm system. Feeding supplements in a well formulated mixed ration have the potential to increase the efficiency of metabolisable energy use and offers the opportunity to increase feed intake and milk production. A PMR system enabled one of the farms to maintain and increase profit under medium climate change conditions; however, risk, measured as variability in profit, also increased. Under more severe reductions in water availability, neither of the farms examined was profitable over the run of years. Changes to the farm system other than feeding additional supplementary feed to increase milk production and/or using a PMR system, would be needed to counteract the effects of reduced and more variable water availability and maintain profit.

scholarly journals A review on water governance in Sri Lanka: the lessons learnt for future water policy formulation

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. K. Chandrasekara ◽  
S. K. Chandrasekara ◽  
P. H. Sarath Gamini ◽  
J. Obeysekera ◽  
H. Manthrithilake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Regular Review

Abstract Sri Lanka has no water scarcity within the country, and per capita, water availability is adequate to cater for the country's estimated peak population. Nevertheless, the frequent variability of spatial and temporal water availability and extreme events have built up a water scarcity in Sri Lanka, which has been observed during the last two to three decades. Therefore, effective and efficient water governance is most important in today's context, and regular review and amendment of policies, laws, and regulations are crucial to mitigate water scarcity. Although a few attempts were initiated, none of them succeeded. In this study, historical and present water governance mechanisms, including coordinating mechanisms and implementing water management agencies in Sri Lanka, were comprehensively reviewed. Further, the previously proposed water policies, their status and reasons for the failures of policies were discussed. Finally, the formulation of a novel institutional arrangement or altering the existing institutional arrangement with shared data and allocating non-shared responsibilities to each institution is suggested for better water governance in Sri Lanka.

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