scholarly journals Property Risk Assessment of Sinkhole Hazard in Louisiana, U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol J. Friedland ◽  
Robert V. Rohli ◽  
Nazla Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Salt Domes ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Madison Parish ◽  
Sinkhole Hazard

Sinkholes (or dolines) are an often-overlooked environmental hazard. The processes that lead to their formation are slow and insidious, which encourage a lack of awareness or concern for the potential danger, until the sudden, climactic formation leads to unexpected property damage and possibly human casualties. This research identifies the risk to residential properties to the sinkhole hazard, using Louisiana, United States as a case study. Risk is defined as the product of the hazard intensity and the loss to structure and contents within the building resulting from the hazard-related disaster. Results suggest that risk is highly scale-dependent. Although the risk due to sinkholes is small on a per capita basis statewide, especially when compared to the per capita risk of other natural hazards, the property risk for census tracts or census blocks partially or completely overlying a salt dome is substantial. At finer scales, Terrebonne Parish, in coastal southeastern Louisiana, has the greatest concentration of salt domes, while Madison Parish, which is east of Monroe, has the highest percentage of area at risk for sinkhole formation, and St. Mary Parish—immediately west of Terrebonne—has the greatest risk of property loss. An Acadia Parish census tract has the maximum annual property losses in 2050 projected at $40,047 (2010$), and the highest projected annual per building ($43) and per capita ($18) property loss are in the same St. Mary Parish census tract. At the census block level, maximum annual property loss ($7,040) is projected for a census block within Cameron Parish, with maximum annual per building loss ($85 within West Baton Rouge Parish), and maximum per capita annual property loss ($120 within Plaquemines Parish). The method presented in this paper is developed generally, allowing application for risk assessment in other locations. The results generated by the methodology are important to local, state, and national emergency management efforts. Further, the general public of Louisiana, and other areas where the developed method is applied, may benefit by considering sinkhole risk when purchasing, remodeling, and insuring a property, including as a basis of comparison to the risk from other types of hazard.

Framework for Colorectal Cancer Health Needs Assessment in North and Central Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 569-575
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pratiti
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
National Income ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause for cancer worldwide. Prevalence of CRC is increasing in North and Central Asian Countries (NCAC). European guidelines encourage member countries to allocate resources for primary prevention of CRC through screening. Though, cost-effective screening is becoming a priority. A framework for health priority determination to prioritize CRC screening was developed. Public health websites were accessed to abstract epidemiologic data. The framework included prioritization by absolute risk (incidence, prevalence), relative risk (CRC ranking for national cancer deaths) and population attributable risk for the disease. Risk indicators were identified for the NCAC. Further detailed risk assessment scoring was completed to assess the CRC disease burden. Statistical analysis was performed for correlation. Variables included in risk assessment were population, life expectancy, gross national income per capita, percent GDP spent on health expenditure, total expenditure on health per capita, age standardized mortality to incidence ratio, cancer ranking by incidence and smoking prevalence. Risk assessment showed Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Belarus and Armenia have more than expected CRC burden. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Latvia have lower than expected CRC burden. Conclusion: Identifying high CRC burden countries to prioritize screening is important. Uniform and comparable CRC risk indicators for the region is needed. Health need assessment and priority setting is important for better distribution of resources. Countries with lower risk score may implement preventive policy to reduce CRC risk factors and countries with higher risk could adapt mitigating policy for early diagnosis of CRC.

Census-block-level Property Risk Assessment for Wildfire in Louisiana, U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol Friedland ◽  
Robert Rohli ◽  
Nazla Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Level Property

scholarly journals Reperfusion hemorrhage following PCI – quantification with T2* imaging and impact on area at risk assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan P O'Regan ◽  
Rizwan Ahmed ◽  
Clare Neuwirth ◽  
Yvonne Tan ◽  
Giuliana Durighel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Area At Risk

scholarly journals Modeling of the cave-ins occurrence using AHD and GIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 7473-7495
Author(s):  
A. A. Malinowska ◽  
K. Dziarek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Discontinuous Deformation ◽  
Qualitative Factors ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sinkhole Hazard

Abstract. The analysis of mining-induced sinkholes occurrence is a very important problem as far as the spatial development optimization is concerned. Research conducted within this paper was oriented to revealing the applicability of GIS and the associated AHD method for estimating the risk of discontinuous deformation occurrence on the surface. The qualitative factors were accounted for in the sinkhole risk assessment, thus creating bases for the research. These elements play an important role in the process of sinkholes formation; however they were not used in prediction models. Another assumption lied in minimizing the number of variables in the model. Accordingly, the most important qualitative and quantitative risk factors were finally selected, on the basis of which the risk of cave-ins occurrence on the surface could be calculated. The results of estimations of zones with sinkholes potential were verified. The places of actual and high-risk potential discontinuous deformations were compared. The congruence between predicted values and actual observations of sinkholes was very high. The results of presented research prove the necessity to evaluate the sinkhole hazard in view of qualitative factors.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis of Individual and Community-Level Socioeconomic Factors Impacting SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Cromer ◽  
Chirag M Lakhani ◽  
Deborah J Wexler ◽  
Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie ◽  
Miriam Udler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Tract ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Census Tract Level ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Crowding

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities across the United States. We sought to disentangle individual and census tract-level sociodemographic and economic factors associated with these disparities. Methods and Findings: All adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 between February 1 and June 21, 2020 were geocoded to a census tract based on their address; hospital employees and individuals with invalid addresses were excluded. Individual (age, sex, race/ethnicity, preferred language, insurance) and census tract-level (demographics, insurance, income, education, employment, occupation, household crowding and occupancy, built home environment, and transportation) variables were analyzed using linear mixed models predicting infection, hospitalization, and death from SARS-CoV-2. Among 57,865 individuals, per capita testing rates, individual (older age, male sex, non-White race, non-English preferred language, and non-private insurance), and census tract-level (increased population density, higher household occupancy, and lower education) measures were associated with likelihood of infection. Among those infected, individual age, sex, race, language, and insurance, and census tract-level measures of lower education, more multi-family homes, and extreme household crowding were associated with increased likelihood of hospitalization, while higher per capita testing rates were associated with decreased likelihood. Only individual-level variables (older age, male sex, Medicare insurance) were associated with increased mortality among those hospitalized. Conclusions: This study of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a major U.S. city presents the cascade of outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection within a large, multi-ethnic cohort. SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates, but not death rates among those hospitalized, are related to census tract-level socioeconomic characteristics including lower educational attainment and higher household crowding and occupancy, but not neighborhood measures of race, independent of individual factors.

Study on Quantitative Risk Assessment of LGP Transportation in Road Tunnel

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 4105-4109
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Zhang ◽  
Chuan He ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Xiao Qin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
Flash Fire ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Impact

Based on the tunnel environment and the characteristic of flammability and explosion of liquefied petroleum gas (LGP), the leak of LPG tanker can induce heavy casualties and property loss in the tunnel. In order to study quantitative risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel, the data of 599 accidents and 659 accidental vehicles are collected. From these data, the proportion of LGP tanker accident in the total accident vehicles and million vehicles kilometer (MVK) tanker accident rates are obtained. By analyzing the leakage scene of LGP tanker, the possible accident types of the LGP transportation were analyzed, such as boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), vapor cloud explosion (VCE), flash fire and jet fire, etc. The impact of leak time to various ranges of injury is studied in the condition of LGP continued leakage. The slight injury, serious injury and death radius of LGP leakage accidents are calculated in tanker loaded with different LGP quantity. In view of the accidental analysis, the countermeasures will be proposed to reduce the risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel.

scholarly journals The characteristics of lightning risk and zoning in Beijing simulated by a risk assessment model

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1985-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
Property Loss

Abstract. In this study, the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash/stroke density was derived from the lightning location finder (LLF) data recorded between 2007 and 2011. The vulnerability of land surfaces was then assessed from the classification of the study areas into buildings, outdoor areas under the building canopy and open-field areas, which makes it convenient to deduce the location factor and confirm the protective capability. Subsequently, the potential number of dangerous lightning events at a location could be estimated from the product of the CG stroke density and the location's vulnerability. Although the human beings and all their material properties are identically exposed to lightning, the lightning casualty risk and property loss risk was assessed respectively due to their vulnerability discrepancy. Our analysis of the CG flash density in Beijing revealed that the valley of JuMaHe to the southwest, the ChangPing–ShunYi zone downwind of the Beijing metropolis, and the mountainous PingGu–MiYun zone near the coast are the most active lightning areas, with densities greater than 1.5 flashes km−2 year−1. Moreover, the mountainous northeastern, northern, and northwestern rural areas are relatively more vulnerable to lightning because the high-elevation terrain attracts lightning and there is little protection. In contrast, lightning incidents by induced lightning are most likely to occur in densely populated urban areas, and the property damage caused by lightning here is more extensive than that in suburban and rural areas. However, casualty incidents caused by direct lightning strokes seldom occur in urban areas. On the other hand, the simulation based on the lightning risk assessment model (LRAM) demonstrates that the casualty risk is higher in rural areas, whereas the property loss risk is higher in urban areas, and this conclusion is also supported by the historical casualty and damage reports.

Thinking and Discussion on Fire Fighting in High-Rise Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 661-664
Author(s):  
Ran Xue
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Future ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Research Situation

High-rise buildings have some characteristics such as high altitude, complex structure and various functions. Once in fire, casualties and property loss might be more frequent in high-rise buildings. In order to reduce the fire caused casualties and property losses effectively, the characteristics of high-rise buildings were analyzed and concluded in this paper, and related suppression strategies were also put forward. A few suggestions were given to the study of fire suppression in high-rise buildings in the future in according to the research situation.

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