scholarly journals Nanoremediation: Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies for Environmental Cleanup

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Del Prado-Audelo ◽  
I. García Kerdan ◽  
L. Escutia-Guadarrama ◽  
J. M. Reyna-González ◽  
J. J. Magaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Environmental Cleanup ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Global Events

Different global events such as industrial development and the population increment have triggered the presence and persistence of several organic and inorganic contaminants, representing a risk for the environment and human health. Consequently, the search and application of novel technologies for alleviating the challenge of environmental pollution are urgent. Nanotechnology is an emerging science that could be employed in different fields. In particular, Nanoremediation is a promising strategy defined as the engineered materials employed to clean up the environment, is an effective, rapid, and efficient technology to deal with persistent compounds such as pesticides, chlorinated solvents, halogenated chemicals, or heavy metals. Furthermore, nanoremediation is a sustainable alternative to eliminate emerging pollutants such as pharmaceutics or personal care products. Due to the variety of nanomaterials and their versatility, they could be employed in water, soil, or air media. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for media remediation. It analyzes the state of the art of different nanomaterials such as metal, carbon, polymer, and silica employed for water, soil, and air remediation.

scholarly journals Water Network Partitioning into District Metered Areas: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Khoa Bui ◽  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

A water distribution network (WDN) is an indispensable element of civil infrastructure that provides fresh water for domestic use, industrial development, and fire-fighting. However, in a large and complex network, operation and management (O&M) can be challenging. As a technical initiative to improve O&M efficiency, the paradigm of “divide and conquer” can divide an original WDN into multiple subnetworks. Each subnetwork is controlled by boundary pipes installed with gate valves or flow meters that control the water volume entering and leaving what are known as district metered areas (DMAs). Many approaches to creating DMAs are formulated as two-phase procedures, clustering and sectorizing, and are called water network partitioning (WNP) in general. To assess the benefits and drawbacks of DMAs in a WDN, we provide a comprehensive review of various state-of-the-art approaches, which can be broadly classified as: (1) Clustering algorithms, which focus on defining the optimal configuration of DMAs; and (2) sectorization procedures, which physically decompose the network by selecting pipes for installing flow meters or gate valves. We also provide an overview of emerging problems that need to be studied.

Human biomonitoring of emerging pollutants through non-invasive matrices: state of the art and future potential

2014 ◽  
Vol 406 (17) ◽  
pp. 4063-4088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Alves ◽  
Agnieszka Kucharska ◽  
Claudio Erratico ◽  
Fuchao Xu ◽  
Elly Den Hond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Potential

scholarly journals Prospects and Challenges of Entrepreneurship Development in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zrar Mohsin Mohammadali ◽  
Sabir Sadiq Abdulkhaliq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Abstract Entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and economic growth plays a key role in economic development and the appearance of knowledge and innovation-based economies. The most important effects of entrepreneurship development are increasing innovation, upgrading technology, increasing employment, producing technical knowledge, and generating income distribution at the community level, which can lead to increased national wealth and economic growth. At the moment, global developments are made entrepreneurship so important, and organizations need more innovation and entrepreneurship than ever before to adapt to new circumstances. In fact, in relation to entrepreneurship as the most important factor in economic development, organizations can gain more market share. The objectives of this study are to examine and overview the prospects and challenges of entrepreneurship in Iraq’s Kurdistan region. In this regard, it can be said that with the human resources available and the valuable experiences available in the field of entrepreneurship around the world, it is necessary to plan for entrepreneurship development in the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). It is revealed in this study Iraqi Kurdistan is determined can be one of the top entrepreneurial centers in the region with the scientific ability of specialists, and the potential of human resources, flexible structure and efficient technology. This paper recommended some strategies to reform and removing barriers to entrepreneurship development in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using factors such as entrepreneurship development and appropriate culture building, job training, setting up small business development centers, sponsoring entrepreneurs, establishing the legal framework for entrepreneurial activities, and providing spiritual support to entrepreneurs can lead to social, economic and industrial development and the declines of unemployment.

scholarly journals The Development Strategy of Packaged Pempek Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Railia Karneta ◽  
Nurlaili Fitri Gultom
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that play a role in the development of pempek quality favored by consumers and to study internal and external factors that influence the development of pempek processing industry and its implications for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as well as formulate alternative development strategies for Pempek industry.The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling with a sample area of 95 respondents consisting of 10 pempek processors (producers) and 85 consumers. Data processing is done by using factor analysis to know the dominant factor of pempek industry development. SWOT analysis is used to determine the development strategy of the pempek industry.The results showed that the factors that play an important role in the development of pempek industry are organoleptic factors consisting of taste, color, softness and aroma; Consumer prices, food hygiene and safety with regard to physical quality, chemical quality, shelf life and strategic location. Pempek industrial development strategy that must be done is by the application of practical and efficient technology, excellent products, hygiene and security, extension of marketing network through cooperation with marketing agents both at homeland and foreign countries, cooperation, restaurant, retail and supermarket, promotional strategy improved through Advertising, leaflets, radio, television, internet and publicity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Attention-based Deep LearningModels for EEG Classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Cisotto ◽  
Alessio Zanga ◽  
Joanna Chlebus ◽  
Italo Zoppis ◽  
Sara Manzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Eeg Classification ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Complex Reasoning

Abstract Deep Learning (DL) has recently shown promising classification performance in Electroencephalography (EEG) in many different scenarios. However, the complex reasoning of such models often prevent the user to explain their classification abilities. Attention, one of the most recent and influential ideas in DL, allows the models to learn which portions of the data are relevant to the final classification output. In this work, we compared three attention-enhanced DL models, the brand-new InstaGATs , an LSTM with attention and a CNN with attention. We used these models to classify normal and abnormal, including artifactual and pathological, EEG patterns in three different datasets. We achieved the state of the art in all classification problems, regardless the large variability of the datasets and the simple architecture of the attention-enhanced models. Additionally, we proved that, depending on how the attention mechanism is applied and where the attention layer is located in the model, we can alternatively leverage the information contained in the time, frequency or space domain of the EEG dataset. Therefore, attention represents a promising strategy to evaluate the quality of the EEG information, and its relevance for classification, in different real-world scenarios.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ: AN OVERVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zrar Mohsin Mohammadali ◽  
Sabir Sadiq Abdulkhaliq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and economic growth plays a key role in economic development and the appearance of knowledge and innovation-based economies. The most important effects of entrepreneurship development are increasing innovation, upgrading technology, increasing employment, producing technical knowledge, and generating income distribution at the community level, which can lead to increased national wealth and economic growth. At the moment, global developments are made entrepreneurship so important, and organizations need more innovation and entrepreneurship than ever before to adapt to new circumstances. In fact, in relation to entrepreneurship as the most important factor in economic development, organizations can gain more market share. The objectives of this study are to examine and overview the prospects and challenges of entrepreneurship in Iraq's Kurdistan region. In this regard, it can be said that with the human resources available and the valuable experiences available in the field of entrepreneurship around the world, it is necessary to plan for entrepreneurship development in the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). It is revealed in this study Iraqi Kurdistan is determined can be one of the top entrepreneurial centers in the region with the scientific ability of specialists, and the potential of human resources, flexible structure and efficient technology. This paper recommended some strategies to reform and removing barriers to entrepreneurship development in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using factors such as entrepreneurship development and appropriate culture building, job training, setting up small business development centers, sponsoring entrepreneurs, establishing the legal framework for entrepreneurial activities, and providing spiritual support to entrepreneurs can lead to social, economic and industrial development and the declines of unemployment.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Asparaginase as a Promising Strategy to Improve In Vivo Drug Performance

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Francisca Villanueva-Flores ◽  
Andrés Zárate-Romero ◽  
Alfredo G. Torres ◽  
Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Protease Degradation

Asparaginase (ASNase) is a widely applied chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); however, immune responses and silent inactivation of the drug often limit its bioavailability. Many strategies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, including the development of improved formulations (biobetters), but only two of them are currently on the market. Nano- and micro-encapsulation are some of the most promising and novel approaches to enhance in vivo performance of ASNase, preventing the direct contact of the enzyme with the environment, protecting it from protease degradation, increasing the enzymes catalytic half-life, and in some cases, reducing immunogenicity. This review summarizes the strategies, particularly for ASNase nano- and micro-encapsulation, and their main findings, constraints, and current gaps in the state-of-the-art knowledge. The pros and cons of the use of different nanocarriers are discussed with the idea to ultimately provide safer and more effective treatments for patients with ALL.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review for Groundwater Contamination and Remediation: Occurrence, Migration and Adsorption Modelling

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5913
Author(s):  
Osamah Al-Hashimi ◽  
Khalid Hashim ◽  
Edward Loffill ◽  
Tina Marolt Čebašek ◽  
Ismini Nakouti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Pump And Treat

The provision of safe water for people is a human right; historically, a major number of people depend on groundwater as a source of water for their needs, such as agricultural, industrial or human activities. Water resources have recently been affected by organic and/or inorganic contaminants as a result of population growth and increased anthropogenic activity, soil leaching and pollution. Water resource remediation has become a serious environmental concern, since it has a direct impact on many aspects of people’s lives. For decades, the pump-and-treat method has been considered the predominant treatment process for the remediation of contaminated groundwater with organic and inorganic contaminants. On the other side, this technique missed sustainability and the new concept of using renewable energy. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have been implemented as an alternative to conventional pump-and-treat systems for remediating polluted groundwater because of their effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this paper, a review of the importance of groundwater, contamination and biological, physical as well as chemical remediation techniques have been discussed. In this review, the principles of the permeable reactive barrier’s use as a remediation technique have been introduced along with commonly used reactive materials and the recent applications of the permeable reactive barrier in the remediation of different contaminants, such as heavy metals, chlorinated solvents and pesticides. This paper also discusses the characteristics of reactive media and contaminants’ uptake mechanisms. Finally, remediation isotherms, the breakthrough curves and kinetic sorption models are also being presented. It has been found that groundwater could be contaminated by different pollutants and must be remediated to fit human, agricultural and industrial needs. The PRB technique is an efficient treatment process that is an inexpensive alternative for the pump-and-treat procedure and represents a promising technique to treat groundwater pollution.

scholarly journals Nanoremediation: Tiny objects solving Huge environmental problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rónavári ◽  
Zoltán Kónya
Keyword(s):  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Effective Use

Background:: The application of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) to remediate soil and groundwater has gained increased attention within the last decade, primarily due to its high reactivity, cost effectiveness and potential to treat a broad range of contaminants (e.g. chlorinated organic solvents, inorganic anions, or metals). Objective:: In this paper, the state of the art of the applicability of nanomaterials especially the most frequently used nZVI in soil and groundwater is presented. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the current knowledge pertaining to the synthesis, employment, limitations, and risk of iron nanoparticles. Methods:: Therefore, the authors have reviewed and discussed the recent patents and papers related to the developments and approaches made on the synthesis of iron nanoparticles emphasizing the justification of green synthesis methods. The studies related to the effective use of nanoparticles in remediating organic and inorganic contaminants are addressed. The potential limitations, challenges, and risks of this innovative nanoremediation technology are also discussed. Results:: Studies suggest that nZVI have successfully been applied in nanoremediation, however little is known about the particles’ fate and impacts. Additionally, it has already been proven that synthesis and modification can largely determine the physicochemical and biological properties of the particles. Conclusion:: This review corroborates the suitability of nanoparticles in the remediation of contaminated media, simultaneously highlighting the work still needed to optimize the syntheses and careful use of such materials, concluding that comprehensive screenings should be performed prior nZVI applications to assess their behavior and impact on the environment and living systems.

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