scholarly journals Setting Statistical Thresholds Is Useful to Define Truly Effective Conservation Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Khorozyan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Conservation Interventions

Effective interventions are needed to solve conflicts between humans and predators over livestock killing, nuisance behavior, and attacks on pets and humans. Progress in quantification of evidence-based effectiveness and selection of the best interventions raises new questions, such as the existence of thresholds to identify truly effective interventions. Current classification of more and less effective interventions is subjective and statistically unjustified. This study describes a novel method to differentiate true and untrue effectiveness on a basis of false positive risk (FPR). I have collected 152 cases of applications of damage-reducing interventions from 102 scientific publications, 26 countries, 22 predator species, and 6 categories of interventions. The analysis has shown that the 95% confidence interval of the relative risk of predator-caused damage was 0.10–0.25 for true effectiveness (FPR < 0.05) and 0.35–0.56 for untrue effectiveness (FPR ≥ 0.05). This means that damage was reduced by 75–90% for truly effective interventions and by 44–65% for interventions of untrue effectiveness. Based on this, it was specified that truly effective interventions have the relative risk ≤ 0.25 (damage reduction ≥ 75%) and the effectiveness of interventions with the relative risk > 0.25 (damage reduction < 75%) is untrue. This threshold is statistically well-justified, stable, easy to remember, and practical to use in anti-predator interventions. More research is essential to know how this threshold holds true for other conservation interventions aiming to reduce negative outcomes (e.g., poaching rates) or increase positive outcomes (e.g., species richness).

scholarly journals Pharmacoinformation studies of chondroprotectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
A. M. Lila ◽  
I. Yu. Torshin ◽  
A. N. Gromov ◽  
V. A. Semenov ◽  
O. A. Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Content Identification ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Selection Of

The pharmacoinformation approach to the assessment and modeling of drugs involves the use of modern methods of data mining. These methods include: 1) analysis of big data (selection of texts of scientific publications, search for new biomarkers); 2) computer analysis of texts (automatic classification of texts by content, identification of pseudoscientific texts); 3) analysis of metric maps (visualization and analysis of complex patterns, including clustering) and 4) chemoinformation analysis, including the assessment of the effect of drugs on the transcriptome, proteome and microbiome of a person. The article provides examples of the application of these methods of pharmacoinformatics to chondroprotectors containing standardized forms of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate.

scholarly journals Analysis of zoning schemes of the territory of Ukraine for the purposes of optimization and management of recreational and tourist activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Oleg Y. Grinyuk ◽  
Svitlana O. Demianenko ◽  
Tetiana H. Kupach
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Recreation And Tourism ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this publication is to analyze the existing set of results of scientific and applied research in the field of recreational and tourist zoning of Ukraine and identify methodological differences in existing schemes for planning the development of recreation and sectoral zoning. To achieve this goal, the study used a content method of analysis of a set of existing theoretical and methodological approaches to zoning, research and development on the organization and functioning of recreational territorial units. Methods of comparative analysis of the data on the formation of the territorial structure of tourist regions, determining the criteria for taxonomic classification of territorial recreational formations allowed to systematize information about existing world zoning systems and recreational and tourist territorial structure of Ukraine. The information base of the study is the regulatory documents, analytical and statistical materials of the WTO, NTO of Ukraine, scientific publications of leading Ukrainian and foreign researchers on zoning, in particular, zoning to manage and optimize tourism and recreational activities. The study involves schemes for the development and allocation of resources for tourism and recreation, zoning schemes in Ukraine, in the field of recreation and tourism, which were carried out in the period from 1960s to 2020s. Numerous schemes of recreational and tourist division of the country’s territory and its separate regions indicate the confusion of terminology, approaches, standards and rules for zoning the country. In Ukraine, there are sectoral zoning, which are based on the principles of “zona making” conception, however, most sectoral zonings are not compared and do not correlate. The principles laid down in the implementation of sectoral recreational and tourist zoning are not always coordinated with the regulations that exist in the system of spatial planning. The results of the analysis emphasize the urgency of unification of terminology, certainty with methodological approaches to taxonomic classification and selection of taxa within the country. Today the issues of formation of recreational, tourist, resort spaces for the purposes of efficient and rational nature use and development of a competitive national tourist product are solved without a single coordinated recreational and tourist zoning of the territory of Ukraine.

Use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage skin (review of literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. I. Surkichin ◽  
N. V. Gryazeva ◽  
L. S. Kholupova ◽  
N. V. Bochkova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage of the skin. The causes, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of skin photodamage are considered. The definition, principle of action of photodynamic therapy, including the sources of light used, the classification of photosensitizers and their main characteristics are given. Analyzed studies that show the effectiveness and comparative evaluation in the selection of various light sources and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of photodamage.

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

Using clusterization principles for the selection of repair sections of main oil pipelines based on diagnostic data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Classification Of Images ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of determining the repair sections of the main oil pipeline is solved, basing on the classification of images using distance functions and the clustering principle, The criteria characterizing the cluster are determined by certain given values, based on a comparison with which the defect is assigned to a given cluster, procedures for the redistribution of defects in cluster zones are provided, and the cluster zones parameters are being changed. Calculations are demonstrating the range of defect density variation depending on pipeline sections and the universal capabilities of linear objects configuration with arbitrary density, provided by cluster analysis.

Negative Staining: a Valuable Technique for Studying Subcellular Components

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 341-342
Author(s):  
Sara E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Negative Staining ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Nucleic Acid Probes ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Selection Of

Negative staining is the most frequently used procedure for preparing particulate specimens, e.g., cell organelles, macromolecules, and viruses, for electron microscopy (Figs. 1-4). The main advantage is that it is rapid, requiring only minutes of preparation time. Another is that it avoids some of the harsh chemicals, e.g., organic solvents, used in thin sectioning. Also, it does not require advanced technical skill. It is widely used in virology, both in classification of viruses as well as diagnosis of viral diseases. Notwithstanding the necessity for fairly high particle counts, virus identification by negative staining is advantageous in not requiring specific reagents such as antibodies, nucleic acid probes, or protein standards which necessitate prior knowledge of potential pathogens for selection of the proper reagent. Furthermore, it does not require viable virions as does growth in tissue culture. Another procedure that uses negative contrasting is ultrathin cryosectioning (Fig. 5).In 1954 Farrant was the first to publish negatively stained material, ferritin particles.

A novel method for the design and selection of neutron-attenuating media

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 108368
Author(s):  
Abdullah G. Weiss ◽  
Moiz I. Butt ◽  
Pavel V. Tsvetkov ◽  
Mark L. Kimber ◽  
Sean M. McDeavitt
Keyword(s):  
Novel Method ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Monotonic Functions Method and Its Application to Staging of Patients with Prostate Cancer According to Pretreatment Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3836
Author(s):  
Valeri Gitis ◽  
Alexander Derendyaev ◽  
Konstantin Petrov ◽  
Eugene Yurkov ◽  
Sergey Pirogov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Logical Function ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Monotonic Functions ◽  
Selection Of

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy (after lung cancer). Preoperative staging of PCa is the basis for the selection of adequate treatment tactics. In particular, an urgent problem is the classification of indolent and aggressive forms of PCa in patients with the initial stages of the tumor process. To solve this problem, we propose to use a new binary classification machine-learning method. The proposed method of monotonic functions uses a model in which the disease’s form is determined by the severity of the patient’s condition. It is assumed that the patient’s condition is the easier, the less the deviation of the indicators from the normal values inherent in healthy people. This assumption means that the severity (form) of the disease can be represented by monotonic functions from the values of the deviation of the patient’s indicators beyond the normal range. The method is used to solve the problem of classifying patients with indolent and aggressive forms of prostate cancer according to pretreatment data. The learning algorithm is nonparametric. At the same time, it allows an explanation of the classification results in the form of a logical function. To do this, you should indicate to the algorithm either the threshold value of the probability of successful classification of patients with an indolent form of PCa, or the threshold value of the probability of misclassification of patients with an aggressive form of PCa disease. The examples of logical rules given in the article show that they are quite simple and can be easily interpreted in terms of preoperative indicators of the form of the disease.

scholarly journals Tuning of a Linear-Quadratic Stabilization System for an Anti-Aircraft Missile

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Witold Bużantowicz
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Stabilization System ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Quadratic Stabilization ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Selection Of

A description is given of an application of a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) for stabilizing the characteristics of an anti-aircraft missile, and an analytical method of selecting the weighting elements of the gain matrix in feedback loop is proposed. A novel method of LQR tuning via a single parameter ς was proposed and tested. The article supplements and develops the topics addressed in the author’s previous work. Its added value includes the observation that the solutions obtained are symmetric pairs, and that the tuning parameter ς proposed for the designed linear-quadratic regulator enables the selection of suitable parameters for the airframe stabilizing loop for the majority of the analytical solutions of the considered Riccati equation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document