scholarly journals How Raccoons Could Lead to the Disappearance of Native Crayfish in Central Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tricarico ◽  
Paola Ciampelli ◽  
Laura De Cicco ◽  
Sandro Aurelio Marsella ◽  
Lorenzo Petralia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Population Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
The Impact

The white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes complex populations are decreasing in the Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna National Park (Central Italy), due to several factors, including illegal poaching, predatory fishes, drought, and invasive alien species. Recently, the Northern raccoon Procyon lotor has been reported to be present in the area of the National Park and has started to predate on the white-clawed crayfish. The aim of the study was to update the distribution and population status of A. pallipes in the reserves, other sites of the National Park, and surrounding areas to assess the potential effects of the raccoon. Crayfish were sampled by hand or by traps in 14 sites; sampled individuals were sexed and measured. Signs of raccoon presence (e.g., footprints and predated crayfish) were also recorded. Our study confirms the impact of raccoon on native crayfish: indeed, where the invasive mammal is present (six sites), crayfish disappeared, or their populations have been dramatically reduced in number, with a size distribution skewed towards juveniles. In two sites, close to urban settlements, fresh footprints of P. lotor and predated specimens of A. pallipes were also observed. Populations of crayfish are still abundant or even increasing as compared with samplings conducted in the past where raccoon is absent (five sites). Urgent actions (e.g., control of raccoons, and monitoring and restocking of A. pallipes populations if feasible and where possible) should be taken into account to guarantee the survival of this protected species.

scholarly journals Alyssum desertorum Stapf (Brassicaceae), new for the Italian flora

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bartolucci ◽  
Fabio Conti
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Italian Flora ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
First Time

Abstract The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the first time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefly discussed. Information about the typification of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided.

Community/Social Action Groupwork in Indigenous and Rural Communities Zimbabwe Summer 2019

Groupwork ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Social Action ◽  
National Park ◽  
School Principal ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

In June 2018, I was fortunate enough to attend and present at the IASWG Symposium at Kruger National Park in South Africa. It was a truly amazing experience. However, in July of 2019  I was once again able to return to the  African continent. This time to visit Zimbabwe. For the past four years, my friend and School Principal Chris Labbe,  had been visiting and working with the  IMVELO organization to raise funds for the following three schools:  Ngamo Primary School, Mlevu Primary School and St Joseph’s Primary School.These three schools are located in the indigenous and rural rural villages of Hwanga  National Park.  During the course of the visits to these three Schools, my wife Peg McGovern and I were able to observe the incredible work that was being done between IMVELO and the local communities. The overarching theme of the IASWG 2018 symposium had been “Groupwork in Communities.” On my visit to Hwanga,  I witnessed the impact  of Groupwork in these indigenous and rural communities. On my return home, I reviewed the Groupwork literature, and it reinforced what I observed and encountered  in Zimbabwe.  The wonderful sense of community, sustainability, cooperation, integration of programs, social action and empowerment. It truly was an amazing experience and a trip of a lifetime.

scholarly journals Distribution and Habitat Preference of Hispid Hare (Caprolagus Hispidus) In Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Bahadur Chand ◽  
Laxman Khanal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Study Sites

 Hispid hare (Caprolagu shispidus) is an endangered lagomorph which had a wide range of distribution in the past, but currently it is known to occur only from few isolated tall grass pockets of India and Nepal. We explored the population status, habitat utilization and existing threats of the Hispid hare at Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP) by the strip transect and quadrate sampling methods from November 2015 to May 2016 covering both winter and summer seasons. Four study sites of total 1.58ha were selected within SNPand strip transects were randomly laid to determine presence and absence of pellets of Hispid hare and their counts were used to estimate the population density. The Population density of Hispid hare was found to be 0.1820/ha in winter and 0.2268/ha in summer with the statistically significant preference to the tall grassland habitat. Twelve grass species were identified in the habitat of Hispid hare with dominancy of Saccharum spontaneum, Imperata cylindrica, Narenga porphyrocoma, and Saccharum munj. Among the grasses, Imperata cylindrica and Narenga porphyrocoma were the food species of higher preference for Hispid hare.

Further observations on the relationship and distribution of Schistosoma margrebowiei and S. leiperi in central southern Africa

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Pitchford ◽  
B. Wolstenholme
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Papio Ursinus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTA further survey in East Caprivi, Chobe National Park, Okavango swamps and Kavango was undertaken in June 1976. No evidence of lechwe schistosomes was found in droppings of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) nor baboons (Papio ursinus) living in lechwe habitats. It was thought that they were not capable of spreading or maintaining these parasites outside the confines of the known distribution of Kobus sp. The role of goats was equivocal but probably they too are poor hosts.Kavango, an endemic area of S. haematobium and S. mansoni, was thought to be free of all animal schistosomes, thus confirming the hypotheses that (1) cattle and goats are poor hosts of the lechwe schistosomes and (2)S. mattheei was blocked from entering the territory by the presence of lechwe schistosomes in the surrounding areas. Evidence of schistosomes was not found in cattle and goats at Maun for the same reasons. The prevalence of S. mansoni at Maun has increased alarmingly over the past 20 years with a simultaneous disappearance of lechwe from the area. S. margrebowiei and S. leiperi eggs were found in lechwe and tsessebe droppings some 80 km north of Maun.A high proportion of children with negative excreta from “non-endemic” areas in East Caprivi had positive CFT and/or skin tests, suggestive of exposure to lechwe schistosomes resulting in a possible immunity to S. mansoni and S. haematobium.

scholarly journals Physical-geographical conditions of the creating and developing of the small cities of Lviv region

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Small City ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Small cities serve important functions in the territorial and economic system of the country. They are essential elements of the settlement network, which involved in industrial production, agricultural service of the surrounding areas, perform the transport functions. They are cultural, recreational and scientific centres. Significant impact on the functioning of small cities is connected with natural factors – the relief, climate, forests, land and mineral resources. Combined with the historical development, they played a crucial role in the formation of settlement network. Influence of terrain, including its plainness, the proximity of groundwater affects the location of settlements in high, watershed areas, the size of settlements, settlement features. The impact of physical-geographical conditions of Lviv region on creation and development of small cities are described in the article. The classification of small cities of Lviv region by the physicalgeographical regions was done. The physical-geographical regions of Lviv region and their suitability for the creating of the cities in the past are analysed. Keywords: a small city, physical-geographical conditions, the natural potential of the area.

scholarly journals NATIONAL PARK AS THE ELEMENT OF RESOURCE SECURITY OF THE PROCESS OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Nataliya Sergeevna Kholodkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Resources

The long-term strategic goal of Russia is the sustainable development of its regions. Recreational resources are able to create conditions for sustainable development of the region, the importance of which is due to the fact that on the one hand they are the basis and source of economic restructuring and its modernization, and on the other, they have an impact on social factors of sustainable development. National parks, being one of the important forms of natural and recreational resources, can become the initiators and centers of active dissemination of sustainable development strategy in the surrounding areas. The paper studies the impact of alternative use of the potential of national parks in the formation of sustainable development of the region. As a factorial feature, the share of the area of the national Park in the region of its location from the entire area of the region was made, as a result - indicators corresponding to the economic, social and environmental spheres of sustainable development of the region. The indicators of the resulting indicators of the economic sphere of development of the region were selected: GRP per capita, investment in fixed capital aimed at protecting the environment and the rational use of natural resources; current costs of environmental protection; social - morbidity rates per 1.000 people, the number of deaths per 1.000 people; life expectancy; environmental - the number of air samples studied exceeding the maximum allowable concentration as a percentage of the total number of samples studied. To measure the tightness of the relationship between certain indicators, the calculation of the empirical correlation ratio was applied. The calculations show the existence of links between the size of the national Park and economic, social and environmental indicators, thereby confirming the special functional role of recreational resources in the formation of the foundations of sustainable development of the region, which should now be considered as the basis and source of economic restructuring and modernization.

scholarly journals Vulture rescue and rehabilitation in South Africa: An urban perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Naidoo ◽  
K. Wolter ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
A. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SouthAfrica is home to 9 vulture species, of which 7 are endangered. While the cause of the population declines remains largely speculative, a vast amount of effort has been dedicated towards the protection of populations by ensuring sustainable and safe food sources for the various colonies. Limited focus was placed in the past on efforts related to the rescue and/or rehabilitation (R&R) of injured birds and the release of these birds back into the wild. This paper provides an overview of the causes, the impact and success of 3 organisations involved in R&R efforts of vultures in the Magaliesberg mountain range and surrounding areas over a period of 10 years. Study material included 162 Cape griffon (CGV) and 38 African white-backed (AWBV) vultures. Datasets include the number, sex and age of birds received, the reason the vultures were brought in for R&R, surgical interventions performed and outcomes of rescue efforts. The CGV dominated the rehabilitation attempts. Results further show that a large number of apparently healthy birds were presented for veterinary treatment. The R&R data clearly indicate that the major cause of injuries was birds colliding with overhead pylons, as a high number of soft tissue and skeletal injuries were observed. The study also shows that successful releases of rescued birds are possible. It is concluded that urbanisation has had a major negative impact on vultures around the Magaliesberg mountain range.

scholarly journals Land-Cover Legacy Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Abundance in Human and Wildlife Dominated Systems in Tropical Savanna

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geofrey E. Soka ◽  
Mark E. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be important mutualists to plant hosts in acquiring soil nutrients. Past work has not explored whether previous land-cover history influences current AMF abundance in croplands and whether different land-cover histories in grazed but not cultivated areas influence AMF. This study was conducted to assess the effects of land-cover history in and near Serengeti National Park on AMF abundance in areas with three different land uses. The results showed that land-cover history influenced a number of soil physicochemical properties following conversion of grassland to cropland or woodland to cropland during the past 27 years. Different original land cover generally did not significantly influence current AMF abundance in croplands or livestock-grazed soils. However, livestock-grazed current grasslands that were formerly woodlands had lower AMF abundance than sites that had been grasslands since 1984. These results suggest that lower AMF abundance in livestock-grazed and cropland areas as compared to protected wildlife-grazed areas may reflect reduced total carbon inputs and higher disturbance and are not strongly influenced by the legacy of previous land cover. Given that recent studies have detected legacy effects on AMF, such effects may reflect more the impact on the taxonomic composition of AMF rather than their total abundance.

scholarly journals Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
IYAN ROBIANSYAH ◽  
DODO DODO ◽  
ARIEF HAMIDI
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Robiansyah I, Dodo, Hamidi A. 2019. Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 296-302. Kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) is an endemic tree found only in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Banten, Indonesia, and is classified as Endangered by IUCN Red List. To develop effective conservation measures of threatened plants, current information on population status and distribution of the species is needed. Thus in the present study, a targeted survey of kokoleceran was conducted in UKNP aiming at mapping the distribution of the species, measuring current population size and structure, assessing the habitat preferences, and identifying threats to the species. Using a non-random adaptive cluster sampling, a total of 27 clusters harboring 280 individuals of kokoleceran was located, of which 20 % were in mature stage. All these individuals were only found in Mount Payung and its surrounding areas, and formed an inverse-J-shaped population structure pattern. The species was estimated to have an area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of 8 km2. The invasive langkap palm (Arenga obtusifolia, Arecaceae) was identified as the main threat for kokoleceran. Based on these results, kokoleceran appears to more than justify its conservation status of Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v) +2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii).

Indirect Recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-77
Author(s):  
Christian Lund
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
New Order ◽  
Formal Property ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Impact

This chapter evaluates the impact of the declaration of Mount Halimun-Salak as a national park by the Indonesian government on the property and citizenship of the local population. It analyzes government–citizen encounters in West Java and the dynamics of recognition in the fields of government territorialization, taxation, local organization, and identity politics. If direct claims to resources were impossible to pursue, people would instead lodge indirect claims. In everyday situations, indirect recognition can perform important legal and political work. After the authoritarian New Order regime, in particular, claims to citizenship worked as indirect property claims and as pragmatic proxies for formal property rights. The chapter examines how people struggle over the past, negotiating the constraints of social propriety for legitimation and indirect recognition of their claims.

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