scholarly journals Vulture rescue and rehabilitation in South Africa: An urban perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Naidoo ◽  
K. Wolter ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
A. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SouthAfrica is home to 9 vulture species, of which 7 are endangered. While the cause of the population declines remains largely speculative, a vast amount of effort has been dedicated towards the protection of populations by ensuring sustainable and safe food sources for the various colonies. Limited focus was placed in the past on efforts related to the rescue and/or rehabilitation (R&R) of injured birds and the release of these birds back into the wild. This paper provides an overview of the causes, the impact and success of 3 organisations involved in R&R efforts of vultures in the Magaliesberg mountain range and surrounding areas over a period of 10 years. Study material included 162 Cape griffon (CGV) and 38 African white-backed (AWBV) vultures. Datasets include the number, sex and age of birds received, the reason the vultures were brought in for R&R, surgical interventions performed and outcomes of rescue efforts. The CGV dominated the rehabilitation attempts. Results further show that a large number of apparently healthy birds were presented for veterinary treatment. The R&R data clearly indicate that the major cause of injuries was birds colliding with overhead pylons, as a high number of soft tissue and skeletal injuries were observed. The study also shows that successful releases of rescued birds are possible. It is concluded that urbanisation has had a major negative impact on vultures around the Magaliesberg mountain range.

It's all in the past: how do colonial legacies between host and home countries affect the expatriate experience?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

PurposeWithin the expatriation subset of the wider IB literature, the focus of research has been on contemporary contextual factors. The purpose of this paper is to link the present to the past by investigating how the individual expatriate experience may be affected by a colonial legacy between host and home countries.Design/methodology/approachGiven the exploratory nature of this study, a qualitative interview-based approach eliciting thick, detailed descriptions of the practical experiences of seven Japanese expatriate managers working in Malaysia was adopted. These were supplemented by additional interviews with three host-country nationals who work alongside some of the expatriates. The data were analysed through a two-stage coding process.FindingsThe expatriate respondents were largely unanimous in their view that the colonial past between the two countries had no negative impact on their experiences in Malaysia, and the Malaysian interviewees corroborated this. On the contrary, the majority of the expatriates actually spoke positively about their experiences. This was especially true for expatriates in both the tourism and education/research field whose work was linked in some way to the period of Japanese occupation.Research limitations/implicationsThe small, single-context nature of the investigation limits generalisation. There are also many particularities in this study (the nature of Japanese-Malaysian postcolonial relations, cultural values of the Malaysians and Japanese, and so on) that are perhaps not easily relatable to other contexts. Having said this, qualitative research is not always geared towards generalisability but rather towards contextual intricacies and nuances.Originality/valueWhile most of the extant literature on expatriation has examined largely contemporary factors, this paper explores the impact of more historical events on the expatriate experience. Although such events may seem distant from an expatriate's current activities, this study suggests that in certain circumstances, they may have a lingering effect.

scholarly journals Impact of Recent Climate Change on Water-Use Efficiency Strategies of Larix sibirica in the Altai-Sayan Mountain Range

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Rolf T. W. Siegwolf ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Vladimir S. Myglan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Impact

A strong increase in the mean annual air temperature during the past 50 years by up to 0.54 °C was recorded in the Altai region (45°–52° N; 84°–99° E) compared to the global value of 0.07 °C over the period 1901–2008. The impact of the climatic changes on the hydrology are complex in these mountainous forest ecosystems and not fully understood. We aim to reveal differences in the intrinsic water-use efficiencies (iWUE) strategy by larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) derived from stable carbon isotopes at contrasting sites, ranging from the steppe (Ersin, Chadan) to high-elevation (Mongun, Koksu) sites of the Altai over the past century. The iWUE trends increased rapidly for all study sites except Chadan, where a decreasing trend after 2010 has been observed. This decline can be related to increased amount of precipitation compared to increased drought at the other sites. In general, the iWUE is increased up to 14% (1985–2019 compared to 1919–1984), which is lower compared to other studies across the globe likely due to harsh climatic conditions. Vapor pressure deficit and maximal air temperature are impacting Siberian larch significantly and affecting their iWUE differently at the high-elevated and steppe sites of the Altai over the past century.

The impact of institutionalization on child development

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conceptual Difficulties

During the past 10 years researchers studying children adopted from Romanian orphanages have had the opportunity to revisit developmental questions regarding the impact of early deprivation on child development. In the present paper the effects of deprivation are examined by reviewing both the early and more recent literature on studies of children who spent the first few years of life in institutions. Special attention is given to the Canadian study of Romanian adoptees in which the author has been involved. Findings across time and studies are consistent in showing the negative impact of institutionalization on all aspects of children's development (intellectual, physical, behavioral, and social–emotional). Results of studies show, however, that institutionalization, although a risk factor for less optimal development, does not doom a child to psychopathology. However, the impact of institutionalization is greater when coupled with risk factors in the postinstitutional environment. Methodological and conceptual difficulties in research with institutionalized samples of children are discussed and future directions for research are considered.

scholarly journals Physical-geographical conditions of the creating and developing of the small cities of Lviv region

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Small City ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Small cities serve important functions in the territorial and economic system of the country. They are essential elements of the settlement network, which involved in industrial production, agricultural service of the surrounding areas, perform the transport functions. They are cultural, recreational and scientific centres. Significant impact on the functioning of small cities is connected with natural factors – the relief, climate, forests, land and mineral resources. Combined with the historical development, they played a crucial role in the formation of settlement network. Influence of terrain, including its plainness, the proximity of groundwater affects the location of settlements in high, watershed areas, the size of settlements, settlement features. The impact of physical-geographical conditions of Lviv region on creation and development of small cities are described in the article. The classification of small cities of Lviv region by the physicalgeographical regions was done. The physical-geographical regions of Lviv region and their suitability for the creating of the cities in the past are analysed. Keywords: a small city, physical-geographical conditions, the natural potential of the area.

scholarly journals Examining The Social Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
DR. SAIF UL MUJAHID SHAH ◽  
DR. ANWAR UL MUJAHID SHAH ◽  
SYED ARSHAD ALI SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

As Poverty has become a global challenge for all the nations around the world, from the past many years, different strategies have been used to reduce it. However, since 1980s Microfinance has become a powerful tool to alleviate poverty and it's not adopted even in the developing countries but also developed nations have been practicing it. Many of the past studies used the economic indicators to measure the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction, and few have concentrated on the social indicators. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of microfinance as a poverty reduction in terms of social indicators in the rural areas of northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objective of this research is to check whether the established NGOs in the concern areas have been successful in bringing social change in the life of the beneficiaries. For the purpose of analysis, the structural equation model is applied to a sample of 440 collected through a structured questionnaire. Results show that microfinance had a negative impact on the health and education of the beneficiaries. This research indicates that more funds and priority should be given to the education and health sector because they have equal importance as compared to the other economic indicators.

The Impact of Video Gaming Terminals on Casinos and State and Local Tax Revenue

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-675
Author(s):  
Erin Hazel Phipps ◽  
Mark W. Nichols ◽  
Federico Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Past ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

In 2012, Illinois passed legislation allowing video gaming terminals (VGTs) outside of casinos. This legislation was passed to increase tax revenues from gambling in a market that had seen decreases in revenues and admissions over the past 8 years. VGTs may substitute for casino gambling and have a negative impact on casino and tax revenue. Using ordinary least squares and vector autoregressive models, we find that casino slot revenues decrease by about 0.05 percent for each 1 percent increase in VGT revenues. Admissions decrease by about eleven people per VGT. A Granger causality test suggests causation is running from VGTs to admissions. Thus, there is substitution between VGTs and casino gambling but not so large as to reduce tax revenue. Overall tax revenue from gambling, both casino and VGT, has increased for Illinois. However, local communities where casinos are located have experienced declines in casino tax revenue that have exceeded the gains from VGT revenue.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economy on Carbon Emissions: An Empirical Study Based on the Synergistic Effect of Gender Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiran Li ◽  
Hongbing Deng ◽  
Kangkang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bayesian Posterior Probability ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peripheral Regions

The study of carbon emissions is of great significance for environmental change and economic development. Gender factors is an important perspective to examine the path of carbon emissions. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2016, this paper selects the optimal spatial measurement model structure by using the Bayesian posterior probability model structure selection method, and studies the impact of economy on carbon emissions and the influence mechanism of gender-based “synergy effect” on carbon emissions from the National level and regional levels. The research shows that the increase of economic promotes the increase of carbon emission in this region, but it has a restraining effect on the carbon emission in the surrounding areas. Moreover, gender factors have a significant positive effect on the region at the National level and the Eastern and Northeastern regions, but not significantly in other ones, and have a significant negative impact on carbon emissions in surrounding areas. Overall, the influence intensity of economy on carbon emission increases with the increase of gender in the National level and the Eastern and Northeastern, while the influence intensity of economy of peripheral regions on carbon emission in Central Region decreases with the increase of gender factors in peripheral regions.

scholarly journals Environmental Problems Caused by Motor Vehicles in and Around the City of Sumgait

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Гюльнар Нуру Гаджиева
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose is to study the impact of motor vehicles passing through the city on human health and the environment and to develop an action plan to prevent negative processes in the city of Sumgait. Materials and methods. The negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment was studied using GIS technologies, historical and geographical, mathematical-statistical, comparative, observation, systematic analysis and other methods. Results and discussion. The article calculates the length of existing roads in Sumgait, the number of motor vehicles (cars, trucks and buses) passing through the city during the year, the amount of waste each of them emits to the surrounding areas, especially to the atmosphere. In addition, their impact on soil and vegetation, as well as on human health, has been studied. The results were analysed and compared with the established sanitary standards for their exceedance. Statistical characteristics of the level of pollution have been calculated. The analysis of the data obtained from the measurements led to conclusions about the insufficient effectiveness of structures that reduce the level of pollution only at distances of 100 and 150 m from the sources. Conclusion. In the considered areas, it is necessary to take measures to protect the population from road traffic pollution. In these measures, special attention was paid to creating favourable conditions for people to live in a cleaner environment.

scholarly journals Sargassum blooms in the Caribbean alter the trophic structure of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Cabanillas-Terán ◽  
Héctor A. Hernández-Arana ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Ruiz-Zárate ◽  
Alejandro Vega-Zepeda ◽  
Alberto Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The arrival of large masses of drifting Sargassum since 2011 has caused changes in the natural dynamics of Caribbean coastal ecosystems. In the summer of 2015, unprecedented and massive mats of S. fluitans and S. natans have been observed throughout the Mexican Caribbean including exceptional accumulations ashore. This study uses stable isotopes to assess the impact of Sargassum blooms on the trophic dynamics of the Diadema antillarum sea urchin, a keystone herbivore on many Caribbean reefs. Bayesian models were used to estimate the variations in the relative proportions of carbon and nitrogen of assimilated algal resources. At three lagoon reef sites, the niche breadth of D. antillarum was analysed and compared under massive influx of drifting Sargassum spp. vs. no influx of Sargassum blooms. The effects of the leachates generated by the decomposition of Sargassum led to hypoxic conditions on these reefs and reduced the taxonomic diversity of macroalgal food sources available to D. antillarum. Our trophic data support the hypothesis that processes of assimilation of carbon and nitrogen were modified under Sargassum effect. Isotopic signatures of macroalgae associated with the reef sites exhibited significantly lower values of δ15N altering the natural herbivory of D. antillarum. The Stable Isotopes Analysis in R (SIAR) indicated that, under the influence of Sargassum blooms, certain algal resources (Dictyota, Halimeda and Udotea) were more assimilated due to a reduction in available algal resources. Despite being an abundant available resource, pelagic Sargassum was a negligible contributor to sea urchin diet. The Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) analysis displayed differences between sites, and suggests a reduction in trophic niche breadth, particularly in a protected reef lagoon. Our findings reveal that Sargassum blooms caused changes in trophic characteristics of D. antillarum with a negative impact by hypoxic conditions. These dynamics, coupled with the increase in organic matter in an oligotrophic system could lead to reduce coral reef ecosystem function.

scholarly journals The Impact of Globalization on Eurasian Economies: Prospects for Development in the 21st Century

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berch Berberoglu
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Base ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heavy State

The post-Soviet transformation of Eurasian economies over the past two decades has taken place within the context of the globalization process that has affected many countries around the world. Globalization of capital and transformation of these countries in a market-oriented direction through privatization and joint-ventures with foreign capital has had varied effects in growth and development of Eurasian economies. These developments have taken place at various rates and at varying speeds, depending on the country, especially when one contrasts those in Central Asia with other countries in more developed regions of Eurasia, such as Turkey. In Turkey, a hybrid model of development has evolved over several decades -- one that is built on a strong economic base inherited from the past, where heavy state intervention in the economy has led to the development of a viable industrial infrastructure upon which private capital has expanded and benefited immensely. Thus, the Turkish economy can serve as a model for other Eurasian economies that lack the necessary industrial and financial base, but are able to address the region’s economic problems through a partnership with Turkey. Although a common characteristic of Eurasian economies is the adoption of neoliberal economic policies and integration into the global economy, which often has a negative impact on national economies, a careful approach in engaging with the global economy with heavy state support to guide through the process (as in China) could result in a positive outcome that fosters growth and development of the Eurasian region in the twenty-first century.

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