scholarly journals Short-Term Increase in Abundance of Foliage-Gleaning Insectivorous Birds Following Experimental Ice Storms in a Northern Hardwood Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Leuenberger ◽  
Jonathan B. Cohen ◽  
Lindsey Rustad ◽  
Kimberly F. Wallin ◽  
Dylan Parry
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Avian Abundance ◽  
Before And After

Large-scale disturbances such as ice storms may increase in frequency and intensity as climate changes. While disturbances are a natural component of forest ecosystems, climatically driven alteration to historical patterns may impart fundamental change to ecosystem function. At Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, experimental ice storms of varying severity were applied to replicate plots of mature northern hardwoods to quantify their effects on forested ecosystems. We assessed ice storm treatment effects on insectivorous foliage-gleaning birds and evaluated insectivore predation on model caterpillars in the understory vegetation. These birds are charismatic, of conservation concern, and are major predators of caterpillars. In turn, lepidopterans are the dominant herbivores in temperate forests and are integral to ecosystem function. We predicted that avian abundance would increase due to additional structural heterogeneity caused by ice treatments, with a concomitant increase in caterpillar predation. Point counts were used to measure insectivorous bird activity in the ice storm experiment plots and additional control plots before and after treatments. We deployed and retrieved plasticine model caterpillars and estimated predation from characteristic marks to these surrogates. Abundance of foliage-gleaning birds was higher in the ice storm plots and birds responded to treatments as a single diffuse disturbance rather than on an individual plot level. All species except one were observed both before and after the ice treatments. Surprisingly, predation on caterpillar models was unaffected by ice storm treatments but rather was a function of caterpillar density. The increase in avian abundance in the ice storm treatment plots corroborates other studies of bird responses to relatively small-scale disturbances in forests and the limited change in species composition was expected given the plot size. We conclude that ice storms may provide beneficial changes for foliage-gleaning birds in the growing season following the disturbance.

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

scholarly journals Are We Prepared for the Next Disaster? Evidence from Ice Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Ali Vaezi ◽  
Nooreddin Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Before And After

This study examines the impacts that an emergency had on people’s preparedness levels, using the December 2013 Ice Storm in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) as a case. A questionnaire consisting of three sections was developed to measure the associated impacts, people’s reactions/opinions, as well as their preparedness levels before and after the ice storm. The goal of the research is not only to discuss the factors that influenced people’s ability to prepare, respond to and recover from the ice storm but also to generate useful insights for future disasters that are similar in nature. Our analysis includes various aspects such as the effectiveness of advance warnings and their ability to disseminate information to mass audiences. The findings show that, most of the respondents believe that they learned a lot about ice storms and their impacts because of their prior experience; a significant majority believe that it is the city’s/municipality’s responsibility to prepare for emergencies like ice storms; home ownership was significantly associated with the previous ice storm preparedness; and, power outage experience was significantly associated with the next ice storm preparedness.

scholarly journals Model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Irmansyah ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan Lubis ◽  
Andi Gilang Permadi ◽  
Nune Wire Panji Sakti
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sample Test

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan sebuah model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service pada atlet voli pantai NTB, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan model latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service atlet voli pantai NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau yang sering disebut research and development yang mana digunakan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu studi pendahuluan, uji skala kecil dan skala besar yang telah dilakukan dengan percobaaan floating service dan instrument yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, dinyatakan bahwa penilaian para ahli terhadap model latihan imagery untuk meningkatkan ketepatan floating service dikatakan ‘layak’ untuk diterapkan di lapangan. Untuk uji efektifitas produk akhir, dari hasil analisis uji t menggunakan Paired Sample Test, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pretest – posttest ketepatan floating service dengan nilai t sebesar 8.104 dan signifikansi 0.000 < 0.05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan floating service sebelum dan sesudah diberikan latihan imagery mendapatkan peningkatan yang signifikan atau ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan imagery untuk peningkatan ketepatan floating service. Exercise model imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in beach volleyball athlete AbstractThis study aims to: (1) produce an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes, and (2) determine the effectiveness an exercise model of imagery to improve the accuracy of floating service in NTB beach volleyball athletes. This research uses research and development methods or often called research and development which is used to produce the desired product. The results of this study, namely a preliminary study, small scale and large scale tests that have been carried out with a trial of floating services and instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability, stated that experts' assessment of imagery training models to improve the accuracy of floating services is said to be 'feasible' in the field. To test the effectiveness of the final product, the results of the t-test analysis using Paired Sample Test, showed that the increase in pretest-posttest floating service accuracy with a t value of 8,104 and significance of 0,000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the increase in floating service before and after imagery training was given get a significant increase or there is a significant effect of imagery training on improving the accuracy of floating services.

scholarly journals ACCEPTABILITY AND KNOWLEDGE OF BRIDE CANDIDATES BEFORE AND AFTER NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION USING ANDROID-BASED APPLICATION 1000 HPK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-865
Author(s):  
Erni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Paired T Test

The efforts to improve nutritional status for the human resources development must be started as early as possible, one of the things that can be done to improve nutrition status is the fulfillment of balanced nutrition in the period of 1000 first days of life (1000 HPK). This study aims to know the acceptability and the change of knowledge about 1000 HPK of brides at KUA Pesanggrahan District, South Jakarta by using the "My1000Days" application.  The method that used in this study is Research and Development (R&D). There are 5 stages carried out in this study, namely: (1) needs analysis, (2) application product development, (3) feasibility testing by experts, (4) small-scale trials, (5) large-scale trials.  The design used in this study was pre-experimental design with one group pre-post test design. The research samples were 40 brides. The results show that the acceptability of application by experts is 83% and the acceptability of application by brides is 95.7% which is categorized very well.  Media feasible test get an n-gain value of 0.77 which is categorized as high and the results of the Paired t-test obtained a p value of 0.000 (p <0.5) which indicates knowledge difference before and after using the application. For this reason, it is necessary to further develop existing features to increase the knowledge regarding 1000 HPK of brides registered in KUA . Keywords: Android-based applications, Acceptability, 1000 HPK nutrition, Nutrition knowledge  

Comparing direct and indirect methods of assessing canopy structure in a northern hardwood forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G Rhoads ◽  
Steven P Hamburg ◽  
Timothy J Fahey ◽  
Thomas G Siccama ◽  
Richard Kobe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Hemispherical Photographs

Several methods exist for measuring forest canopies following disturbance, and the biases and differences among them are unclear. We compared techniques for measuring the northern hardwood forest's canopy structure at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, following the severe ice storm of January 5–10, 1998. Methods included leaf area index (LAI) using LI-COR's LAI-2000, visual damage assessments based on tree branch loss, radiation estimates from hemispherical photographs, and LAI determined from litterfall. LAI-2000 measurements were not significantly related to visual damage class estimates, but were strongly correlated with radiation estimates from hemispherical photographs and average LAI values from litterfall. LAI from the LAI-2000 and litterfall differed on a point-by-point basis, but were similar at the stand scale. The LAI-2000 has the highest precision for large-scale measurements. Visual damage estimates appear adequate for assessing large-scale patterns of disturbance intensity in the northern hardwood forest, but the LAI-2000 is more accurate at quantifying canopy structure at large plot or stand scales. Hemispherical photographs may also accomplish this, but are better suited to characterizing the distribution of canopy gaps and light availability patterns over time. Litterfall provides accurate and precise measurements of small-scale LAI patterns in deciduous forests and reveals species-specific patterns.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Modul Bermain Sains Melalui Inkuiri Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif dan Sosial Emosional Anak

genius ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Libri Rizka Puri Windarta ◽  
Suyadi Suyadi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
High Category ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Very High

This research is aimed to develop science play module as well as knowing its eligibility in use. This is a R&D research, a developmental process including plan, design, and development. The data gathering technique consist of two technique first non-test that consists of observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Second, test in of pre-test and post-test which are given before and after trial on educators. The researcher did observing and interviewing to explore the materials before developing. The next step was making the prototype of the material developments were going to be validated by media experts, material experts, peers, and educators. After making the prototype of the material developments, the researcher revised the product design then used  in a small-scale trials. The product revisions were made again before being used in large-scale trials. Furthermore, the result of pre-test and post-test based on research data analysis showed an increase in the ability to apply the method of playing science through guided inquiry with an average pre-test value of 11.6 while the average post-test value of 17.7, so that it experienced an increase of 6.2 with a standard gain of 0.71 on large-scale trials. The value of the standard gain is categorized in the "high" category. The observation of increasing  ability of the educators by using modules reaching 96.1%, so that it falls into the "very high" category. Thus, the use of modules is considered effective in increasing the ability to use science playing methods  guided inquiry Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul bermain sains serta mengetahui kelayakannya dalam penggunaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian RND, yaitu proses pengembangan meliputi perencanaan, desain dan pengembangan. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari dua yaitu pertama non-tes yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket. Kedua, test yang benbentuk pretest dan posttest yang akan diberikan sebelum dan sesudah ujicoba pada pendidik. Peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara untuk mengeksplor bahan sebelum pengembangan. Langkah selanjutnya adalah membuat prototipe bahan pengembangan yang kemudian di validasi oleh ahli media, ahli materi, teman sejawat, dan pendidik. Setelah itu dilakukan revisi desain produk yang kemudian digunakan dalam ujicoba skala kecil. Revisi produk dilakukan kembali sebelum digunakan dalam ujicoba skala besar. Selanjutnya hasil pretest dan posttest berdasarkan analisa data penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan dalam penerapan metode bermain sains melalui inkuiri terbimbing dengan nilai pretest rata-rata 11,6 sedangkan posttest rata-rata 17,8 sehingga mengalami peningkatan 6,2 dengan gain standar 0,71 pada ujicoba skala besar. Nilai gain standar tersebut masuk dalam kategori “tinggi”. Observasi peningkatan kemampuan pada pendidik dengan menggunakan modul mencapai 96,1%, sehingga masuk kategori “Sangat tinggi”. Dengan demikian penggunaan modul dianggap efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menggunakan metode bermain sains melalui inkuiri terbimbing. Kata Kunci : bermain sains, inkuiri terbimbing, modul  

scholarly journals Changes in the Cultural Trend of Use by Type of Green Infrastructure Before and After COVID-19 Using Blog Text Mining in Seoul

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Jinhae Chae ◽  
MinJoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Background and objective: This study examined the changes in the cultural trend of use for green infrastructure in Seoul due to COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The subjects of this study are 8 sites of green infrastructure selected by type: Forested green infrastructure, Watershed green infrastructure, Park green infrastructure, Walkway green infrastructure. The data used for analysis was blog posts for a total of four years from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2020. The analysis method was conducted keyword frequency analysis, topic modeling, and related keyword analysis. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the number of posts on green infrastructure has increased since COVID-19, especially forested green infrastructure and watershed green infrastructure with abundant naturalness and high openness. Second, the cultural trend keywords before and after COVID-19 changed from large-scale to small-scale, community-based to individual-based activities, and nondaily to daily culture. Third, after COVID-19, topics and keywords related to coronavirus showed that the cultural trends were reflected on appreciation, activities, and dailiness based on natural resources. In sum, the interest in green infrastructure in Seoul has increased after COVID-19. Also, the change of green infrastructure represents the increased demand for experience that reflects the need and expectation for nature. Conclusion: The new trend of green Infrastructure in the pandemic era should be considered in the the individual relaxations & activities.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

The Effect of Active Site-inhibited Factor VIIa on Tissue Factor-initiated Coagulation Using Platelets before and after Aspirin Administration

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Kjalke ◽  
Julie A Oliver ◽  
Dougald M Monroe ◽  
Maureane Hoffman ◽  
Mirella Ezban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antithrombotic Agent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ic50 Values

SummaryActive site-inactivated factor VIIa has potential as an antithrombotic agent. The effects of D-Phe-L-Phe-L-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-treated factor VIla (FFR-FVIIa) were evaluated in a cell-based system mimicking in vivo initiation of coagulation. FFR-FVIIa inhibited platelet activation (as measured by expression of P-selectin) and subsequent large-scale thrombin generation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.4 ± 0.8 nM (n = 8) and 0.9 ± 0.7 nM (n = 7), respectively. Kd for factor VIIa binding to monocytes ki for FFR-FVIIa competing with factor VIIa were similar (11.4 ± 0.8 pM and 10.6 ± 1.1 pM, respectively), showing that FFR-FVIIa binds to tissue factor in the tenase complex with the same affinity as factor VIIa. Using platelets from volunteers before and after ingestion of aspirin (1.3 g), there were no significant differences in the IC50 values of FFR-FVIIa [after aspirin ingestion, the IC50 values were 1.7 ± 0.9 nM (n = 8) for P-selectin expression, p = 0.37, and 1.4 ± 1.3 nM (n = 7) for thrombin generation, p = 0.38]. This shows that aspirin treatment of platelets does not influence the inhibition of tissue factor-initiated coagulation by FFR-FVIIa, probably because thrombin activation of platelets is not entirely dependent upon expression of thromboxane A2.

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

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