scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Milk Somatic Cells During Lactation Between Two Intensively Reared Dairy Sheep Breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Michailidou ◽  
Athanasios Gelasakis ◽  
Georgios Banos ◽  
George Arsenos ◽  
Anagnostis Argiriou
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes ◽  
Selection Of

In dairy sheep industry, milk production dictates the value of a ewe. Milk production is directly related to the morphology and physiology of the mammary gland; both being designated targets of breeding strategies. Although within a flock breeding parameters are mutual, large differences in milk production among individual ewes are usually observed. In this work, we tested two of the most productive dairy sheep breeds reared intensively in Greece, one local the Chios breed and one foreign the Lacaune breed. We used transcriptome sequencing to reveal molecular mechanisms that render the mammary gland highly productive or not. While highly expressed genes (caseins and major whey protein genes) were common among breeds, differences were observed in differentially expressed genes. ENSOARG00000008077, as a member of ribosomal protein 14 family, together with LPCAT2, CCR3, GPSM2, ZNF131, and ASIP were among the genes significantly differentiating mammary gland’s productivity in high yielding ewes. Gene ontology terms were mainly linked to the inherent transcriptional activity of the mammary gland (GO:0005524, GO:0030552, GO:0016740, GO:0004842), lipid transfer activity (GO:0005319) and innate immunity (GO:0002376, GO:0075528, GO:0002520). In addition, clusters of genes affecting zinc and iron trafficking into mitochondria were highlighted for high yielding ewes (GO:0071294, GO:0010043). Our analyses provide insights into the molecular pathways involved in lactation between ewes of different performances. Results revealed management issues that should be addressed by breeders in order to move toward increased milk yields through selection of the desired phenotypes. Our results will also contribute toward the selection of the most resilient and productive ewes, thus, will strengthen the existing breeding systems against a spectrum of environmental threats.

scholarly journals Morphological assessment of the ewe udder in different breeds and their productivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
A. P. Kitaeva ◽  
◽  
V. M. Mamedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Morphological Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

Dairy productivity of sheep is extremely important for rearing lambs, although insufficient attention is paid to the milking of sheep during selection and selection of sheep during mating. The milk yield of ewes is determined by measuring expressed, sucked milk, or by weight gain of lambs for a certain period of life. But in sheep breeding the greatest application is to determine this indicator by the increase in live weight of lambs in the first 20 days of life. This is due to the fact that in the first month of lactation, the ewes' mammary gland synthesizes the largest amount of milk, and lambs are fed exclusively on mother's milk for up to 20 days after birth. The milk yielding capacity of ewes depends on many factors, including the breed characteristics of the morpho-functional properties of their udder. Studies had been carried out on the morphological properties of the udder of ewes of such breedsas Tsigai, Merinolandschaf and Dorper. Some differences were noted in the linear assessment of their udder and the amount of milk obtained from them (milk yield). It was found that Merinolandschaf ewes exceed their peers of Tsigai and Dorper breeds by 2.6 cm or 17.5% (P <0.95) and 4.3 cm or 32.8%, respectively (P˃0.99), udder girth - by 3.9 cm or 11.9% (P˃0.99) and 7.3 cm or 24.8% (P˃0.999). The length of teats in Dorper ewes is greater than in Tsigai ewes by 0.47 cm or 23.1%, and in the Merinolandschaf - by 0.2 cm or 8.7% (P <0.95). Ewes with male lambs in their offspring were more milk-producing than ewes with female lambs. This advantage was in ewes of Tsigai breed 2.2 kg or 9.5% (P≤ 0.95), Merinolandschaf - 2.0 kg or 10.2% (P≥ 0.95), Dorper - 1.5 kg or 7.51% (P≥0.95) During the lactation period of 180 days more milk was obtained from ewes of Tsigai breed than from ewes of the Merinolandschaf breed by 1.8 kg or 16.9% (P≤ 0.95), and from the Dorper breed - by 19.17 kg or 16.9% (P≥ 0.999). Thus, for milk production the most desirable of the studied breeds are Tsigai and Merinolandschaf breeds.

scholarly journals A comparison of alternatives of milk recording schemes for dairy sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
J. Wojtowski ◽  
A. Gut ◽  
P. Slósarz ◽  
K. Molinski
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Pairwise Test ◽  
Synthetic Line

Abstract. A total of 307 lactations of ewes from synthetic line (13/16 East Friesian Milk Sheep, 3/16 Polish sheep breeds) were invesstigated. Ewes were milked after weaning, starting on the 60th day of lactation, for the period of our months. Milk recording was conducted using the A30 scheme during the morning and afternoon milkings. Twenty one simplified milk recording schemes were investigated, taking into account the data from 4 or 6 control milkings, and estimating the differences between milk production, protein and fat contents on the basis of the simplified and the A30 methods. The accuracy of the methods to estimate milk (protein, fat) yields was verified using the pairwise test. Among the tested 4-measurement methods, the most useful – in terms of the accuracy of milk, protein and fat yield estimations – were models, in which milk recording is conducted once a month, only in the morning or afternoon. The application of such methods does not result in the deterioration of accuracy of milk recording for sheep and makes it possible to lower the costs connected with recording by approximately 50 %.

scholarly journals How to Use Online Tools to Generate New Hypotheses for Mammary Gland Biology Research: A Case Study for Wnt7b

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorick Bernardus Cornelis van de Grift ◽  
Nika Heijmans ◽  
Renée van Amerongen
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Mammary Gland Biology ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
In Silico Analyses ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAn increasing number of ‘-omics’ datasets, generated by labs all across the world, are becoming available. They contain a wealth of data that are largely unexplored. Not every scientist, however, will have access to the required resources and expertise to analyze such data from scratch. Fortunately, a growing number of investigators is dedicating their time and effort to the development of user friendly, online applications that allow researchers to use and investigate these datasets. Here, we will illustrate the usefulness of such an approach. Using regulation of Wnt7b expression as an example, we will highlight a selection of accessible tools and resources that are available to researchers in the area of mammary gland biology. We show how they can be used for in silico analyses of gene regulatory mechanisms, resulting in new hypotheses and providing leads for experimental follow up. We also call out to the mammary gland community to join forces in a coordinated effort to generate and share additional tissue-specific ‘-omics’ datasets and thereby expand the in silico toolbox.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

A simulation study of open nucleus and closed nucleus breeding systems in a sheep population

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
Open Nucleus ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractStochastic simulation was used to compare the results of alternative breeding systems in a sheep population divided into 10 flocks of 120 ewes. The breeding systems compared were selection within closed flocks (CF), a closed nucleus system (CNS), an open nucleus system (ONS) and open nucleus systems with the selection of nucleus replacements being restricted to either nucleus born males (ONSRm) or nucleus born females (ONSRf). Selection was for a best linear unbiased prediction of breeding value for lamb live weight which had a heritability of 0·17. The open nucleus breeding systems (ONS, ONSRm, ONSRf) resulted in higher rates of genetic gain, more predictable selection responses and lower rates of inbreeding than either the closed nucleus system (CNS) or selection within closed flocks (CF). Initial genetic differences between flocks resulted in higher rates of genetic gain in the nucleus breeding systems due to the use of between flock genetic variance. In the ONS system up to 25% of nucleus sires and approximately 50% of nucleus dams were born in base flocks. Nevertheless if selection of either nucleus sires or dams was restricted to nucleus born animals there was very little change in genetic gain or rate of inbreeding.

PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND BREEDING SCHEMES OF SOME MEDITERRANEAN DAIRY SHEEP BREEDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Zervas ◽  
J. Hatziminaoglou ◽  
J. Boyazoglu ◽  
A. Georgoudis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
The Mediterranean

SUMMARYExaminded are some of the most important dairy sheep breeds, among the great diversity of the Mediterranean sheep population, by focusing on their phenotypic characteristics, their productive and reproductive potential as well as on the management practices and systems of testing. Information is also given on their genetic parameters, with emphasis on heritability coefficients, and the range of respective selection and breeding schemes, applied under their particular husbandry conditions.

First person – Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (16) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Person ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Fanny Jaudon and Martina Albini are co-first authors on ‘ A developmental stage- and Kidins220-dependent switch in astrocyte responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor’, published in JCS. Fanny is a postdoc at the University of Trieste in the lab of Lorenzo A. Cingolani at Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy, investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling development and function of neuronal circuits and implementing genome-editing approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders. Martina is a PhD student at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia in the lab of Fabio Benfenati and Fabrizia Cesca investigating neurotrophin biology and its involvement in neurological diseases.

PSXII-2 Identification of candidate SNPs associated with high prolificacy in Romanov sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Alexey V Shakhin ◽  
Arsen V Dotsev ◽  
Tatiana E Deniskova ◽  
Gottfried Brem ◽  
Natalia A Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Unique Property ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Prolificacy is a very important trait in sheep. Romanov sheep, the well-known Russian sheep breed, are characterized by very high prolificacy; however, the genetic basis of this unique property of Romanov sheep is still unknown. It was reported that Ovine BMPR1B gene, located on the OAR6, is associated with prolificacy in several sheep breeds. The aim of our study was to identify candidate SNPs within BMPR1B gene, related to prolificacy. To achieve this goal, using NGS technology, we sequenced ovine BMPR1B gene in Romanov sheep (n = 6), which are characterized by high prolificacy (about 270 lambs per 100 ewes). The sequences of BMPR1B gene of Noire du Velay, Tan, Southdown and Australian Horned Merino sheep breeds as well as Asiatic mouflon (n = 1), which are characterized by significantly lower prolificacy (from 110 to 180 lambs per 100 ewes) were derived from publicly available sources and used for comparison. FST analysis performed in PLINK 1.9 program revealed 10 SNPs with values higher than 0.8. The majority of candidate SNPs under putative selection were localized in the region from 29,382,098 to 29,430,387 on OAR6 of Ovine reference genome (Oar_v3.1 (Ensembl release 98). Thus, we can suggest, that this region of the BMPR1B gene can be considered as the putative region, associated with high prolificacy of Romanov sheep. Additional studies will be needed to confirm the effect of identified candidate SNPs on prolificacy traits. The research results will be useful for artificial selection of sheep with higher prolific capacity, including the introduction of desired alleles in sheep populations using genome editing technologies. This work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. 0445-2019-0024 and RFBR No. 20-516-56002.

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