scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

scholarly journals QTL Across Fruit Development in Red Raspberry, A Study of A Primocane X Biennial Raspberry Population.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Graham ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
Katrin MacKenzie ◽  
Linda Milne ◽  
Nikki Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background The changing climate is altering timing of key fruit ripening processes and increasing the occurrence of fruit defects. This work aimed to expand our knowledge of the genetic control of the ripening process in raspberry by examining a biennial x primocane F1 population to determine if the progeny exhibited both primocane and biennial flowering modes, which if any was dominant, and to identify QTL and genome locations associated with fruit development to understand how developmental control in this population differs from a biennial x biennial F1 population previously studied. Results The progeny from this biennial x primocane population exhibited primocane fruiting completing their lifecycle in a single season and also fruiting on second-year wood not removed in season one. QTL associated with rate of fruit development were identified on both primocane and fruiting canes with both parents impacting. Conclusions Novel QTL associated with the developmental process of primocane fruiting were identified. These in the main, differed from developmental QTL for similar developmental stages on fruiting canes (second year canes) with only one significant overlap on linkage group 6. In general, the process of development on fruiting canes overall differed from that in a biennial x biennial population, with the differences being greatest on linkage groups 3 and 6 suggesting control of development differs in the different fruiting types. Further understanding will be achieved by examining genome regions linked to QTL to allow breeding to meet climate requirements for yield stability.

scholarly journals 180 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF RED RASPBERRY (RUBUS IDAEUS L.) WITH A GENE TO CONTROL ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 454f-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Mathews ◽  
C. Cohen ◽  
W. Wagoner ◽  
J. Kellogg ◽  
V. Dewey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Gene ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Selection Medium ◽  
Recycling Pathway ◽  
Transformation Systems ◽  
First Time

We have developed efficient plant rageneration and transformation systems for red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). We have successfully introduced a gene for controlling biosynthesis of ethylene into raspberry for the first time. Leaf and petiole segments were co-cultivated with disarmed Agrobacterium strains EHA 101 or 105 containing plasmids pAG5420, pAG 1452 or pAG1552. The plasmids encoded gene sequences for S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (SAM ase) driven by the fruit specific or wound and fruit specific tomato SE8 or E4 promoters. SAM ase catalyses the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to methylthioadenosine (MTA) and homoserine which can reenter the methionine recycling pathway. SAM is therefore not available for the synthesis of 1-am inocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), the metabolic precursor for ethylene biosynthesis. Initial shoot regenerants were mostly chimeras containing transformed and non-transformed cells. Solid clones of pure transgenics were developed by repeated culture of leaf, petiole and nodal explants of primary regenerants on higher stringency selection medium. Transformants were screened on medium with kanamycin, geneticin or hygromycin depending on the selection marker gene NPTII or hpt. Genomic integration of transgenes were confirmed by Southern hybridization. Transgenic plants of cultivars Canby, Meeker and Chilliwack have been transplanted to the greenhouse for fruit set and further evaluation of transgenic traits.

scholarly journals High proportion of mixed virus infections in raspberry plantations in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Svetlana Paunovic ◽  
Darko Jevremovic
Keyword(s):  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
First Time

Samples of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) from the most important growing areas in Serbia were analyzed for the presence of four most important raspberry viruses: raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) and Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV), and their incidence in individual and mixed infected samples. Seventy-four samples of eight raspberry cultivars, selected from 32 main cultivation sites were tested, of which 62 leaf samples showed symptoms that could be caused by viruses and 12 samples were asymptomatic. The presence of viruses was tested by appropriate RT-PCR and PCR methods, using virus-specific primers. All four viruses were detected with highly significant differences of incidence in a total of 61 infected symptomatic samples. Infection with one of the four tested viruses was detected in 59.0% of all infected samples. The most prevalent was RLBV, which was associated with raspberry leaf blotch disorder in coexistence with its vector raspberry leaf and bud mite P. gracillis, and it was detected in 70.5% of the infected samples. It was followed by RYNV with an incidence of 42.6%, BRNV with 36.1% and RLMV with 9.8% incidence, considering all infected samples. The obtained results for the first time in Serbia showed a high proportion (41.0%) of mixed infections involving between two and four viruses. The most common were infections with two viruses, 68.0% of all mixed-infected samples, and among them coinfections with RLBV and RYNV (44.0%). Viruses of the raspberry mosaic complex, BRNV, RYNV and RLMV, including coinfections of 2-3 listed viruses along with RLBV, were found in a high joined proportion of 14.7% of all infected samples, i.e. 36.0% of mixed infected samples.

scholarly journals Effect of Two Biological Formulations Based onBacillus subtilisandPseudomonas fluorescenson Control ofDidymella applanata, the Causal Agent of Red Raspberry Cane Spur Blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Shternshis ◽  
Tatyana Shpatova ◽  
Anatoly Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
First Time

In vitroandin vivostudies were conducted to estimate the efficacy of the two microbial formulations based onBacillus subtilisCohn. andPseudomonas fluorescensMig. on the fungusDidymella applanata(Niessl.) Sacc., the causal agent of red raspberry (Rubus idaeusL.) spur blight.In vitro, both bacteria reduced the growth ofD. applanata. In inoculation experiments with raspberry canes in two cultivars with different susceptibility toD. applanata, these antagonistic bacteria suppressed fungal development by reducing the lesions area and the number ofD. applanatafruiting bodies. Field trials of two biological formulations under natural conditions showed a significant suppression of the disease.B. subtilisandP. fluorescensincluded in the formulations revealed antagonistic activity towardsD. applanatathat depended on the red raspberry cultivar and weather conditions. In all cases,B. subtilisshowed better results thanP. fluorescensin biocontrol of the raspberry spur blight. This study demonstrated for the first time the ability of the biocontrol agentsB. subtilisandP. fluorescensto suppress red raspberry cane spur blight, a serious worldwide disease.

scholarly journals 741 PB 067 14CO2 MOVEMENT BETWEEN FLORICANES AND PRIMOCANES IN RED RASPBERRY DURING THE FRUITING CYCLE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539c-539
Author(s):  
Stenhen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Paul W. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Physiological Studies

Results from previous cultural and physiological studies of red raspberry suggest that primocanes compete with floricanes for light, nutrients and/or photoassimilates. This study was undertaken to determine whether this competition might be reflected in the actual translocation of photoassimilates between the two types of canes. In 1993, pairs of greenhouse grown, potted red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants contaming one or two floricanes and numerous primocanes were labeled with 14CO2 on four dates corresponding with early anthesis, green fruit, red fruit and post fruit maturity stages of the growing season. For each experiment, either a floricane or a primocane was exposed to 92.5μCi 14CO2 within a sealed bag. After 24 hours, the bag was removed and the presence of label was monitored for up to 11 days. Activity was determined using liquid scintillation. At all developmental stages 14C moved from the labeled floricane to primocanes that were from 2.5 cm to 1.5 m tall and to the roots. Movement was quickest and relatively greatest at early anthesis, dccreascd during fruiting, and was still occuring at 2 months after fruit maturity. Small amounts of label were detected in roots of labeled primocanes at all stages, but trace amounts were present in fruit and other primocanes only at post fruit maturity.

TAMM HORSFALL PROTEIN: THE MEN BEHIND THE EPONYM

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Paskalev ◽  
B. T. Galunska ◽  
D. Petkova-Valkova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Protein

Tamm–Horsfall Protein (uromodulin) is named after Igor Tamm and Franc Horsfall Jr who described it for the first time in 1952. It is a glycoprotein, secreted by the cells in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This protein will perform a number of important pathophysiological functions, including protection against uroinfections, especially caused by E. Сoli, and protection against formation of calcium concernments in the kidney. Igor Tamm (1922-1995) is an outstanding cytologist, virologist and biochemist. He is one of the pioneers in the study of viral replication. He was born in Estonia and died in the USA. In 1964 he was elected for a professorship in Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where has been working continuously. Since 1959, he became a head of the virology lab established by his mentor and co-author Franc Horsfall. In the course of studies on the natural inhibitor of viral replication, Tamm and Horsfall isolated and characterized biochemically a new protein named after their names. Franc Lappin Horsfall Jr (1906-1971) was a well-known clinician and virologist with remarkable achievements in internal medicine. He was born and died in the USA. He worked in the Rockefeller Hospital from 1934 to 1960, then in the Center for Cancer Research at the Sloan-Kettering Institute. Here he was a leader of a research team studying the molecular mechanisms of immunity, the effects of chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds (together with I. Tamm), coxsackie viruses, herpes simplex virus, etc. 

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

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