scholarly journals Bactericidal Permeability Increasing Protein Deficiency Aggravates Acute Colitis in Mice by Increasing the Serum Levels of Lipopolysaccharide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingli Kong ◽  
Zhe Lv ◽  
Yun Kang ◽  
Yunqing An ◽  
Zhenlong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand the role of bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI) in the pathogenesis of experimental murine colitis.MethodsWe used the Cre-LoxP system to generate BPI knockout (BPI KO) mice. Acute colitis was induced in BPI KO mice and wild-type (WT) mice by subjecting the mice to 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were observed for symptoms of experimental colitis. The survival of BPI KO mice to infection with Acinetobacter baumannii, a gram-negative bacterium, was also assessed.ResultsSouthern blot, RT-PCR, and western blot results showed that the 2nd and 3rd exons of the murine Bpi gene were knocked out systemically, confirming successful construction of the BPI KO mouse. BPI KO mice subjected to DSS showed increased symptoms of experimental colitis, increased colonic mucosal damage, increased epithelial permeability, elevated levels of serum LPS, and a disrupted fecal microbiome as compared with WT mice. Furthermore, BPI KO mice challenged intraperitoneally with A. baumannii died sooner than WT mice, and the total number of bacteria in the abdominal cavity, spleen, and liver was increased in BPI KO mice as compared to WT mice.ConclusionsWe successfully generated BPI KO mice. The BPI KO mice developed worse colitis than WT mice by increased colitis symptoms and colonic mucosal damage, elevated levels of serum LPS, and a disrupted microbiome. BPI could be a potential target for treatment of ulcerative colitis in humans.

scholarly journals P075 Muc5ac expression protects the colonic barrier in experimental colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S173-S173
Author(s):  
L O’Connell ◽  
K Olli ◽  
C Rapp ◽  
C Collins ◽  
E McNamee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Dss Colitis ◽  
Mucus Gel

Abstract Background The mucus gel layer (MGL) lining the colon is integral to exclusion of bacteria and maintaining intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. MGL defects allowing bacteria to directly contact the colonic surface are commonly observed in ulcerative colitis (UC). The major macromolecular component of the colonic MGL is the secreted gel-forming mucin, MUC2, whose expression is essential for homeostasis in health. In UC, another gel-forming mucin, MUC5AC is induced. In mice, Muc5ac is protective during intestinal helminth infection. Here, we tested the expression and functional role of MUC5AC/Muc5ac in colitis patient biopsies and murine colitis. Methods We measured MUC5AC/Muc5ac expression in UC patient biopsies and during acute dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) colitis. We performed DSS-colitis in mice deficient in Muc5ac (Muc5ac−/−) to model the potential functional role of Muc5ac in colitis. To assess MGL integrity, we quantified bacterial–epithelial interaction and translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Antibiotic treatment was performed to directly investigate the role of colonic bacteria in our murine colitis studies. Results Colonic MUC5AC/Muc5ac mRNA expression increased significantly in active UC and murine colitis. Muc5ac−/− mice experienced worsened injury and inflammation in DSS-colitis compared with controls. This was associated with increased bacterial–epithelial contact and translocation to the MLN. Antibiotic treatment normalised colitis severity in Muc5ac−/− mice to that of antibiotic treated controls. Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that MUC5AC/Muc5ac induction in acute colitis controls injury by reducing bacterial breach of the MGL. Therefore, developing strategies to induce MUC5AC expression may protect the intestinal barrier in UC.

Central interleukin-1 receptors contribute to suppression of feeding after acute colitis in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1659-R1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McHugh ◽  
S. M. Collins ◽  
H. P. Weingarten
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Osmotic Minipump ◽  
Intrarectal Administration

Experimental colitis, induced in rats by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNB), results in a suppression of eating for 3 days. Because interleukin-1 (IL-1) is elevated within 24 h after TNB treatment, and because chronic administration of IL-1 leads to a pattern of anorexia similar to that seen after TNB, we evaluated the role of endogenous IL-1 in the anorexia observed in the TNB model. Human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) was administered chronically via osmotic minipump either peripherally or centrally after TNB treatment. Peripheral delivery of 40 micrograms/h rhIL-1ra significantly attenuated TNB-induced anorexia. However, 24 micrograms/h rhIL-1ra attenuated TNB-induced anorexia only when delivered centrally, not peripherally. These findings implicate central IL-1 receptors in the suppression of eating during acute experimental colitis but leave open a possible involvement of peripheral IL-1 receptors.

scholarly journals Role of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 as biomarkers for bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrin Mohamed Mohamed Abd Elhamed ElKashef ◽  
Sohair El-Attar Ahmad ◽  
Youssef Mohamed Amin Soliman ◽  
Marwa Salah Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive

MicroRNA (miRNA)-21 and miRNA-155 are important regulators of gene expression of different immunological molecules. This study aimed to investigate the role of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 as biomarkers in asthma by comparing their serum expression levels in asthmatic patients to those in healthy controls and correlating their levels with serum IL-4. The expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Serum levels of IL-4 were determined using ELISA. Asthmatic patients showed significantly higher serum miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 expression levels compared to controls. A statistically significant positive correlation between the expression levels of miRNA-21 and IL-4 serum levels in asthmatic patients was detected. Nonetheless, no correlation was detected between miRNA-155 expression and each of IL-4 and miRNA-21. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a cut-off value of 1.37, the sensitivity of miRNA-21 as an asthma biomarker was 100% and the specificity was 95%. At a cut-off value of 1.96, the sensitivity of miRNA-155 as an asthma biomarker was 100% and the specificity was 100%. It can be concluded that miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 are potential non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma and its response to therapy.

Incrimination of anaerobic bacteria in the induction of experimental colitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. G10-G15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garcia-Lafuente ◽  
M. Antolin ◽  
F. Guarner ◽  
E. Crespo ◽  
A. Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Colonic Flora ◽  
Submucosal Lesions ◽  
Eicosanoid Release ◽  
Transmural Inflammation

Commensal bacteria may participate in the pathogenesis of bowel inflammation. We studied the role of bacteria from the rat colonic flora on transmural inflammation induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). First, bacterial translocation to the colonic wall after induction of colitis was assessed by microbiological and histological methods. Second, rats with a colonic segment excluded from fecal transit were prepared for recolonization with preselected bacteria and used to test the effects of different species on inflammation (eicosanoid release, tissue myeloperoxidase) and damage (histology). Six strains (three aerobes and three anaerobes) were identified in colonic tissue 24 h after induction of colitis. Acridine staining showed bacteria in necrotic areas of the mucosa and invading the submucosa. Rats with excluded colon and sterile culture of luminal washings showed mild inflammation and low mucosal damage in response to TNBS. Rats colonized with anaerobes showed significantly higher eicosanoid release than rats colonized with aerobes only. Moreover, submucosal-lesions were mostly observed in rats with anaerobes. Our findings suggest that colonic anaerobes play a key role in transmural inflammation.

The role of p53, bax, bcl2, and 8-OHdG in human acute myocardial infarction

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Najar ◽  
Sayyed Ghaderian ◽  
Hosain Vakili ◽  
Akram Panah ◽  
Azam Farimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr

AbstractApoptosis is implicated in unfavorable remodeling of the left ventricle during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Both DNA damage and p53 play important roles in regulating apoptosis. Expression patterns of apoptotic regulating genes such as p53, bax, and bcl-2 highlight the importance of inhibiting ventricle remodeling and subsequent injuries. In the present study, serum levels of p53 and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as p53, bax, and bcl-2 expression were examined after the onset of AMI in Iranian patients. Serum levels of p53 and 8-OHdG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the presence of p53 protein and mRNA expression of p53, bax, and bcl-2 were analyzed by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR methods respectively. In patients presenting with AMI, serum levels of p53 and 8-OHdG were increased in comparison to healthy controls. Likewise, transcripts of p53 and bax were also elevated in patients while bcl-2 was decreased. Collectively, our data suggest the novel use of p53 and 8-OHdG as markers of apoptosis and DNA damage following AMI. Our results also revealed that apoptosis occurs in concert with an up-regulation of p53 and bax and a down-regulation of bcl-2 which may suggest a possible therapeutic intervention in patients recovering from AMI.

Curcumin attenuates DNB-induced murine colitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. G235-G243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Salh ◽  
K. Assi ◽  
V. Templeman ◽  
K. Parhar ◽  
D. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Numerous therapies used for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) target the transcription factor NF-κB, which is involved in the production of cytokines and chemokines integral for inflammation. Here we show that curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, is able to attenuate colitis in the dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNB)-induced murine model of colitis. When given before the induction of colitis it reduced macroscopic damage scores and NF-κB activation. This was accompanied by a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity, and using semiquantitative RT-PCR, an attenuation of the DNB-induced message for IL-1β was detected. Western blotting analysis revealed that there was a reproducible DNB-induced activation of p38 MAPK detected in intestinal lysates by using a phosphospecific antibody. This signal was significantly attenuated by curcumin. Furthermore, we show that the immunohistochemical signal is dramatically attenuated at the level of the mucosa by curcumin. We conclude that the widely used food additive curcumin is able to attenuate experimental colitis through a mechanism correlated with the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and effects a reduction in the activity of p38 MAPK. We propose that this agent may have therapeutic implications for human IBD.

The Role of Laparoscopic Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Surgical Pathologies of the Abdominal Cavity Organs

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
F. G. Jamalov ◽  
◽  
M. M. Abdullaev ◽  
E. V. Nabieva ◽  
Т. P. Jamalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Henshilwood ◽  
J. Green ◽  
D. N. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Enteric Virus ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Health Protection

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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