Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on the Alkalophilic Microalga Nitzschia sp. NW129-a Promising Feedstock for the Integrated Production of Lipids and Fucoxanthin in Biorefinery

Microalgae are considered promising resources for producing a variety of high-value-added products, especially for lipids and pigments. Alkalophilic microalgae have more advantages than other microalgae when cultured outdoors on a large scale. The present study investigated the comprehensive effects of different nitrogen concentrations on fucoxanthin (Fx), lipids accumulation and the fatty acid profile of the alkaliphilic microalgae Nitzschia sp. NW129 to evaluate the potential for simultaneous production of Fx and biofuels. Fx and Lipids amassed in a coordinated growth-dependent manner in response to various concentrations, reaching 18.18 mg g–1 and 40.67% dry weight (DW), respectively. The biomass of Nitzschia sp. NW129 was 0.58 ± 0.02 g L–1 in the medium at the concentration of 117.65 mM. The highest productivities of Fx (1.44 mg L–1 d–1) and lipid (19.95 ± 1.29 mg L–1 d–1) were obtained concurrently at this concentration. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters revealed excellent biofuel properties with an appropriate value of the degree unsaturation (49.97), cetane number (62.72), and cold filter plugging point (2.37), which met the European standards for biofuel production (EN14214). These results provided a reliable strategy for further industrialization and comprehensive production of biofuel and Fx by using the alkaliphilic microalgal Nitzschia sp. NW129.

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Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1769 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Zaki ◽

Mohamed Ashour ◽

Ahmed M. M. Heneash ◽

Mohamed M. Mabrouk ◽

Ahmed E. Alprol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brachionus Plicatilis ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

International Standards ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽

Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.

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Influence of Equivolumetric Mixture of Ethyl Levulinate and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on Chosen Properties of Diesel Fuel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.797.352 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 797 ◽

pp. 352-356

Author(s):

Andrzej Frankiewicz ◽

Marcin Przedlacki ◽

Katarzyna Janecka

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Flash Point ◽

Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽

Ethyl Levulinate ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Fuel Lubricity

. In the paper the influence of equivolumetric mixture of ethyl levulinate and fatty acid methyl esters on chosen properties of diesel fuel was demonstrated. It was found that the aforementioned mixture influences the diesel fuel lubricity positively, it does not increase the cold filter plugging point of diesel fuel and does not affect the cetane number and the flash point of diesel fuel significantly

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Cultivo en efluentes urbanos del alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Sphaeropleales: Scenedesmaceae) y su potencial para biodiesel: perfil de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v6i2.626 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221

Author(s):

Ruth Salomon ◽

Marcela Crevero ◽

Enrique Rost ◽

Marisa Carstens ◽

Ariel Parra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Unsaturation Index ◽

Scenedesmus Quadricauda ◽

High Productivity ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Alga Scenedesmus Quadricauda

Microalgae stand as biodiesel feedstock for high productivity and good quality of lipids. This paper presents the fatty acid methyl ester profile of Scenedesmus quadricauda. The culture was grown in Trelew city sewage, Patagonia, Argentina, in 20L at 23±1ºC, 12:12 photoperiod, fluorescent lighting tubes at 33μE m-2s-1 and agitation by air bubbling. Percentage of fatty acid methyl esters was 7,89%, it was determined by Lepage method. The profile was obtained by gas chromatography. Methyl linolenate (C18: 3) and polyunsaturated (≥4 double bonds) ester fractions were 15,06% and 0,83% respectively. The unsaturation index (0,84) was estimated and some biodiesel parameters were calculated through it: kinematic viscosity (4,68mm s -2), iodine value (75,15), cetane number (57,28), cloud point (8,78°C), specific gravity (0,88) and higher heating value (40,01MJ/kg). Linolenic acid ester fraction is above the limit value of EN 14214:2003 (<12%). However, one can modify unsaturation in this strain by varying the temperature. It is also possible to increase the lipid proportion by maintaining the culture at low nitrogen concentration by venting NH3 to increase pH during photosynthesis.

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Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-021-02420-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ikumi Umetani ◽

Eshetu Janka ◽

Michal Sposób ◽

Chris J. Hulatt ◽

Synne Kleiven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

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RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2009vol1.1105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

K. Malins ◽

V. Kampars ◽

R. Kampare ◽

T. Rusakova

Keyword(s):

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Food Prices ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽

Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

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Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11091085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1085

Author(s):

Shafaq Nisar ◽

Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽

Umer Rashid ◽

Asma Hanif ◽

Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Large Scale ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Low Cost ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Product Formation ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

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Improved estimation of Cetane number of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) based biodiesels using TLBO-NN and PSO-NN models

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 620-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alireza Baghban ◽

Mohammad Navid Kardani ◽

Amir H. Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Acid Methyl

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Analysis of Lipids Produced by Microalgae Isolated from the Area around Okinawa, Japan

Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 222-233

Author(s):

Shinya Ikematsu ◽

Ipputa Tada ◽

Yasuma Nagasaki

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Botryococcus Braunii ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

High Lipid ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

Petroleum Reserves

Petroleum reserves have been decreasing in recent years and microalgae are attractive as a potential source of new biomass petroleum. Microalgae are unicellar microscopic algae and most species microalgae produce lipids. In particular, Botryococcus braunii produces large amount of lipids found with nearly 70% on the basis of the dry weight. This chapter reviews high lipid-producing microalgae found from Okinawa area around National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (NIT, Okinawa). The microalgae collected were isolated on an AF-6 agar plates, and incubated in AF-6 medium. The fatty acids were extracted from the algae, converted into fatty acid methyl esters, and analysed by GC/MS. As a result, two microalgae strains were identified that the produced fatty acids was loaded in the algae with nearly 20% in the dry weight base. In addition, these two microalgae strains produced palmitic acid as nearly 40% of the total produced lipids. Therefore, the two microalga strains isolated are potentially and highly efficient for the organisms applied for the production of biodiesel fuel.

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Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp.

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.223 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 719-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Samadhan Yuvraj Bagul ◽

Randhir K. Bharti ◽

Dolly Wattal Dhar

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽

Chlorella Sp

Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L−1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g−1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg−1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s−1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.

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