Plant-Derived Biomaterials: A Review of 3D Bioprinting and Biomedical Applications

Recently, 3D bioprinting has been explored as a promising technology for biomedical applications with the potential to create complex structures with precise features. Cell encapsulated hydrogels composed of materials such as gelatin, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate and polyethylene glycol have been widely used as bioinks for 3D bioprinting. However, since most hydrogel-based bioinks may not allow rapid stabilization immediately after 3D bioprinting, achieving high resolution and fidelity to the intended architecture is a common challenge in 3D bioprinting of hydrogels. In this study, we have utilized shear-thinning and self-healing ionically crosslinked oxidized and methacrylated alginates (OMAs) as a bioink, which can be rapidly gelled by its self-healing property after bioprinting and further stabilized via secondary crosslinking. It was successfully demonstrated that stem cell-laden calcium-crosslinked OMA hydrogels can be bioprinted into complicated 3D tissue structures with both high resolution and fidelity. Additional photocrosslinking enables long-term culture of 3D bioprinted constructs for formation of functional tissue by differentiation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells.

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Self-Healing Hydrogels: Preparation, Mechanism and Advancement in Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13213782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3782

Author(s):

Anupama Devi V. K. ◽

Rohin Shyam ◽

Arunkumar Palaniappan ◽

Amit Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Tae-Hwan Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Cell Encapsulation ◽

Self Healing ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Engineering Systems ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Non Covalent Interactions ◽

Polymeric Hydrogels ◽

Covalent Interactions

Polymeric hydrogels are widely explored materials for biomedical applications. However, they have inherent limitations like poor resistance to stimuli and low mechanical strength. This drawback of hydrogels gave rise to ‘’smart self-healing hydrogels’’ which autonomously repair themselves when ruptured or traumatized. It is superior in terms of durability and stability due to its capacity to reform its shape, injectability, and stretchability thereby regaining back the original mechanical property. This review focuses on various self-healing mechanisms (covalent and non-covalent interactions) of these hydrogels, methods used to evaluate their self-healing properties, and their applications in wound healing, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering systems. Furthermore, composite materials are used to enhance the hydrogel’s mechanical properties. Hence, findings of research with various composite materials are briefly discussed in order to emphasize the healing capacity of such hydrogels. Additionally, various methods to evaluate the self-healing properties of hydrogels and their recent advancements towards 3D bioprinting are also reviewed. The review is concluded by proposing several pertinent challenges encountered at present as well as some prominent future perspectives.

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Development and Characterisation of a Photocurable Alginate Bioink for 3D Bioprinting

International Journal of Bioprinting ◽

10.18063/ijb.v5i2.189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mishbak H. H ◽

Glen Cooper ◽

Paulo Jorge Da Silva Bartolo

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Uv Light ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Alginate Hydrogel ◽

Chemically Modified ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

Biocompatible Material

Alginate is a biocompatible material suitable for biomedical applications, which can be processed under mild conditions upon irradiation. This paper investigates the preparation and the rheological behaviour of different pre-polymerised and polymerised alginate-methacrylate systems for 3D photopolymerisation bioprinting. The effect of the functionalization time on the mechanical, morphological, swelling and degradation characteristics of crosslinked alginate hydrogel is also discussed. Alginate was chemically-modified with methacrylate groups and different reaction times considered. Photocurable alginate systems were prepared by dissolving functionalized alginate with 0.5-1.5% photoinitiator solution and crosslinked by ultraviolet (UV) light (8 mW/cm2).

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Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting: A Scientometric Analysis of Two Decades of Progress

International Journal of Bioprinting ◽

10.18063/ijb.v7i2.337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Cristina Pedroza-González ◽

Marisela Rodriguez-Salvador ◽

Baruc Emet Pérez Benítez ◽

Mario Moisés Alvarez ◽

Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Cell Types ◽

Scientometric Analysis ◽

Binding Motif ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Cell Binding ◽

Biological Performance ◽

The Cost

This scientometric analysis of 393 original papers published from January 2000 to June 2019 describes the development and use of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. The main trends for bioink applications and the primary considerations guiding the selection and design of current bioink components (i.e., cell types, hydrogels, and additives) were reviewed. The cost, availability, practicality, and basic biological considerations (e.g., cytocompatibility and cell attachment) are the most popular parameters guiding bioink use and development. Today, extrusion bioprinting is the most widely used bioprinting technique. The most reported use of bioinks is the generic characterization of bioink formulations or bioprinting technologies (32%), followed by cartilage bioprinting applications (16%). Similarly, the cell-type choice is mostly generic, as cells are typically used as models to assess bioink formulations or new bioprinting methodologies rather than to fabricate specific tissues. The cell-binding motif arginine-glycine-aspartate is the most common bioink additive. Many articles reported the development of advanced functional bioinks for specific biomedical applications; however, most bioinks remain the basic compositions that meet the simple criteria: Manufacturability and essential biological performance. Alginate and gelatin methacryloyl are the most popular hydrogels that meet these criteria. Our analysis suggests that present-day bioinks still represent a stage of emergence of bioprinting technology.

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Recent advances of self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical applications

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c8sm02573h ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1704-1715 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Jieling Li ◽

Ruirui Xing ◽

Shuo Bai ◽

Xuehai Yan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Antitumor Therapy ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Recent Advances

The review introduces several methods for fabrication of robust peptide-based hydrogels and their biological applications in the fields of drug delivery and antitumor therapy, antimicrobial and wound healing materials, and 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering.

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Nanomaterials for bioprinting: functionalization of tissue-specific bioinks

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20200095 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea S. Theus ◽

Liqun Ning ◽

Linqi Jin ◽

Ryan K. Roeder ◽

Jianyi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Disease Modeling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Significant Step ◽

Printing Processes

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is rapidly evolving, offering great potential for manufacturing functional tissue analogs for use in diverse biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and disease modeling. Biomaterials used as bioinks in printing processes must meet strict physiochemical and biomechanical requirements to ensure adequate printing fidelity, while closely mimicking the characteristics of the native tissue. To achieve this goal, nanomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a robust tool to functionalize bioink materials. In this review, we discuss the growing role of different nano-biomaterials in engineering functional bioinks for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The development and commercialization of these nanomaterial solutions for 3D bioprinting would be a significant step towards clinical translation of biofabrication.

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Converging 2D Nanomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Technology: State‐of‐the‐Art, Challenges, and Potential Outlook in Biomedical Applications

Advanced Healthcare Materials ◽

10.1002/adhm.202101439 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2101439

Author(s):

Hadi Rastin ◽

Negar Mansouri ◽

Tran Thanh Tung ◽

Kamrul Hassan ◽

Arash Mazinani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

State Of The Art ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

2D Nanomaterials

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Chitosans for Tissue Repair and Organ Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10110765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 765 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shenglong Li ◽

Xiaohong Tian ◽

Jun Fan ◽

Hao Tong ◽

Qiang Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Repair ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Large Scale ◽

Scale Up ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Body ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Chemically Modified ◽

Excellent Candidate ◽

Complex Organ

Chitosan is a unique natural resourced polysaccharide derived from chitin with special biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity. During the past three decades, chitosan has gradually become an excellent candidate for various biomedical applications with prominent characteristics. Chitosan molecules can be chemically modified, adapting to all kinds of cells in the body, and endowed with specific biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of chitosan molecules in skin, bone, cartilage, liver tissue repair, and organ three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have been outlined. Several successful models for large scale-up vascularized and innervated organ 3D bioprinting have been demonstrated. Challenges and perspectives in future complex organ 3D bioprinting areas have been analyzed.

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3D Bioprinted Nanocellulose-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11050898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 898 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Sandya S. Athukoralalage ◽

Rajkamal Balu ◽

Naba K. Dutta ◽

Namita Roy Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

High Surface ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

High Surface Area ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽

On Demand ◽

Cell Support

Nanocellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, that display high surface area, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and tunable surface chemistry have attracted great attention over the last decade for biomedical applications. Simultaneously, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of biomedical engineering, which enables the fast and on-demand printing of customizable scaffolds, tissues, and organs. Nanocellulosic materials hold tremendous potential for 3D bioprinting due to their printability, their shear thinning behavior, their ability to live cell support and owing to their excellent biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose-based feedstocks and 3D bioprinting is therefore of critical interest for the development of advanced functional 3D hydrogels. In this context, this review briefly discusses the most recent key developments and challenges in 3D bioprinting nanocellulose-based hydrogel constructs that have been successfully tested for mammalian cell viability and used in tissue engineering applications.

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