scholarly journals The Potential of Physical Exercise to Mitigate Radiation Damage—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Kim ◽  
Tobias Weber ◽  
Ulrich Straube ◽  
Christine E. Hellweg ◽  
Mona Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Radiation Induced

There is a need to investigate new countermeasures against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation as deep space exploration missions are on the horizon.Objective: In this systematic review, the effects of physical exercise upon ionizing radiation-induced damage were evaluated.Methods: Systematic searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and the databases from space agencies. Of 2,798 publications that were screened, 22 studies contained relevant data that were further extracted and analyzed. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed. Due to the high level of heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed. Five outcome groups were assessed by calculating Hedges' g effect sizes and visualized using effect size plots.Results: Exercise decreased radiation-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while increasing antioxidant activity. Although the results were highly heterogeneous, there was evidence for a beneficial effect of exercise in cellular, clinical, and functional outcomes.Conclusions: Out of 72 outcomes, 68 showed a beneficial effect of physical training when exposed to ionizing radiation. As the first study to investigate a potential protective mechanism of physical exercise against radiation effects in a systematic review, the current findings may help inform medical capabilities of human spaceflight and may also be relevant for terrestrial clinical care such as radiation oncology.

The effectiveness of mHealth interventions on postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2091781
Author(s):  
Chuqing Zhou ◽  
Hua Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Ziyu Zhu ◽  
Gengchen Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library

Introduction Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric condition during the postnatal period that negatively impacts the well-being of both the mother and her infant. This study describes a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) interventions, which is defined as the use of portable electronic devices to support public health and medical practice, in addressing depressive symptoms among postpartum women. Methods Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on PPD from database inception to December 2019. Results The initial search identified 754 studies, of which, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated four types of distinct mHealth interventions and involved 2424 participants across six countries. Pooled results demonstrated that compared to the controls, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score decreased in the mHealth intervention group (mean difference: –1.09, 95% confidence interval: –1.39 to –0.79). Discussion Our study suggested that mHealth interventions may be a promising tool to complement routine clinical care in the prevention and treatment of PPD, but the clinical effectiveness of mHealth interventions needs to be better established. While most studies focused on telephone-based interventions, recent researches have also suggested the superiority and effectiveness of short messaging service (SMS) and smartphone applications, but the exact efficacy needs further evaluation. Therefore, more high-quality RCTs on app-based and SMS-based interventions are needed before the large-scale roll-out of these interventions in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life in Office Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3791
Author(s):  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Van Huy Nguyen ◽  
Jin Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Office workers are at high risk for many chronic diseases, lowering their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of physical exercise on HRQOL in office workers with and without health problems using data obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, and observational studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and several grey literature databases, and identified 26 relevant studies for the synthesis. Overall, physical exercise significantly improved general (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66 to 1.44) and mental (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.66) HRQOL in office workers. Compared with healthy office workers, unhealthy office workers experienced greater improvements in general (unhealthy, SMD = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.89; healthy, SMD = 0.23; 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.56) and physical (unhealthy, SMD = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.58; healthy, SMD = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.51 to 0.11) HRQOL. Unsupervised physical exercise significantly improved general and mental HRQOL, while directly supervised physical exercise significantly improved only general HRQOL. Although physical exercise, especially unsupervised physical exercise, should be encouraged to improve HRQOL in office workers, detailed recommendations could not be made because of the diverse exercise types with different intensities. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the optimal exercise for office workers with different health conditions.

scholarly journals A Mixed Comparisons of Different Intensities and Types of Physical Exercise in Patients With Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Lu ◽  
Yining Xu ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
István Bíró ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antioxidant Systems

The balance of oxidative and antioxidant systems is of great importance to the human body. Physical exercise, as one of the ways to improve physical health, seems to modulate this balance. However, different intensities and types of physical exercise have other effects on the treatment of unhealthy people. To understand the impact of exercise training on the oxidative and antioxidant systems of adults with oxidative stress-related disorders, a network meta-analysis was used to compare the mixed effects of different intensities and types of exercise training. This systematic review included all eligible RCTs from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Eleven of the studies met the inclusion criteria (at study completion, n = 666 participants). Seven studies reported that the level of MDA decreased significantly after exercise (p < 0.05), and 3 studies reported that the level of SOD increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term high-intensity aerobic training and Tai Chi or Yoga can effectively improve oxidative stress in unhealthy people. In addition, different types of diseases on the effect of exercise intervention seems to be other, diabetes and chronic kidney patients using moderate-intensity aerobic training or Tai chi and Yoga effect are better; Moderate-intensity aerobic training had a better impact on OS improvement in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and severe depression. However, more research is needed to determine the effects of different levels and types of physical activity on oxidative stress in unhealthy populations.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO identifier: CRD42021242025. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.

scholarly journals Exercise Increases Adiponectin and Reduces Leptin Levels in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Becic ◽  
Christian Studenik ◽  
Georg Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Heterogeneity

It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO Clinical Trials Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials. Pooled effects of interventions were assessed as mean difference (MD) with random effects model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test data robustness and subgroup analysis for study heterogeneity. Twenty-two trials with 2996 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Physical exercise increased levels of adiponectin (MD: 0.42 µg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23, 0.60, p < 0.00001, n = 19 trials) and reduced leptin levels (MD: −1.89 ng/mL; 95% CI, −2.64, −1.14, p < 0.00001, n = 14 trials). These results were robust and remained significant after sensitivity analysis. Study heterogeneity was generally high. As for physical exercise modalities, aerobic exercise, but not other modalities, increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels. In conclusion, physical exercise and, specifically, aerobic exercise, leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels in prediabetic and diabetic adults. However, cautious interpretation of current findings is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of nutritional and physical exercise intervention on hospital readmission for patients aged 65 or older: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellisiv Lærum-Onsager ◽  
Marianne Molin ◽  
Cecilie Fromholt Olsen ◽  
Asta Bye ◽  
Jonas Debesay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unplanned Readmission ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Abstract Background Unplanned readmission may result in consequences for both the individual and society. The transition of patients from hospital to postdischarge settings often represents a discontinuity of care and is considered crucial in the prevention of avoidable readmissions. In older patients, physical decline and malnutrition are considered risk factors for readmission. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of nutritional and physical exercise interventions alone or in combination after hospital admission on the risk of hospital readmission among older people. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies was conducted. The search involved seven databases (Medline, AMED, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Food Science Source and Web of Science) and was conducted in November 2018. An update of this search was performed in March 2020. Studies involving older adults (65 years and above) investigating the effect of nutritional and/or physical exercise interventions on hospital readmission were included. Results A total of 11 randomized controlled studies (five nutritional, five physical exercise and one combined intervention) were included and assessed for quality using the updated Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Nutritional interventions resulted in a significant reduction in readmissions (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70–1.00, p = 0.049), while physical exercise interventions did not reduce readmissions (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84–1.31, p-value = 0.662). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that nutrition support aiming to optimize energy intake according to patients’ needs may reduce the risk of being readmitted to the hospital for people aged 65 years or older.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal recovery after surgery: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e054704
Author(s):  
Joshua G Kovoor ◽  
Brandon Stretton ◽  
Jonathan Henry W Jacobsen ◽  
Aashray K Gupta ◽  
Christopher D Ovenden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Time

IntroductionGastrointestinal recovery after surgery is of worldwide significance. Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is multifaceted and known to represent a major source of postoperative morbidity, however, its significance to postoperative care across all surgical procedures is unknown. The complexity of postoperative gastrointestinal recovery is poorly defined within gastrointestinal surgery, and even less so outside this field. To inform the clinical care of surgical patients worldwide, this systematic review and meta-analysis will aim to characterise the duration of postoperative gastrointestinal recovery that can be expected across all surgical procedures and determine the associations between factors that may affect this.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL will be searched for studies reporting the time to first postoperative passage of stool after any surgical procedure. We will screen records, extract data and assess risk of bias in duplicate. Forest plots will be constructed for time to postoperative gastrointestinal recovery, as assessed by various outcome measures. Because of potential heterogeneity, a random-effects model will be used throughout the meta-analysis. Funnel plots will be used to test for publication bias. Meta-regressions will be undertaken where the outcome is the mean time to first postoperative passage of stool, with potential predictors and confounders being patient characteristics, postoperative outcomes and surgical factors.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve human or animal subjects and, thus, does not require ethics approval. The outcomes will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed scientific journal(s) and presentations at scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021256210.

Does non-institutionalized elders have a better oral health status compared to institutionalized ones? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilky Pollansky Silva e Farias ◽  
Simone Alves de Sousa ◽  
Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Periodontal Status

Abstract This systematic review compared the oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Cochrane Library, in a comprehensive and unrestricted manner. Electronic searches retrieved 1687 articles, which were analyzed with regards to respective eligibility criteria. After reading titles and abstracts, five studies were included and analyzed with respect their methodological quality. Oral status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly was compared through meta-analysis. Included articles involved a cross-sectional design, which investigated 1936 individuals aged 60 years and over, being 999 Institutionalized and 937 non-institutionalized elders. Studies have investigated the prevalence of edentulous individuals, the dental caries experience and the periodontal status. Meta-analysis revealed that institutionalized elderly have greater prevalence of edentulous (OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.68-3.07) and higher number of decayed teeth (MD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.71-1.05) and missed teeth (MD = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.89-7.27). Poor periodontal status did not differ significantly between groups. Compared to non-institutionalized, institutionalized elders have worse dental caries experience.

scholarly journals Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for peripartum depression: systematic review & meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyune June Lee ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Ji Yean Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Peripartum Depression

Abstract Background Peripartum depression is a common disorder with very high potential hazards for both the patients and their babies. The typical treatment options include antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy. However, these treatments do not ensure the safety of the fetus. Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has emerged as a promising treatment for neuropathies as well as depression. Nevertheless, many studies excluded pregnant women. This systematic review was conducted to confirm whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was a suitable treatment option for peripartum depression. Methods We performed a systematic review that followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for studies in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases published until the end of September 2020. Eleven studies were selected for the systematic review, and five studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software. The effect size was analyzed using the standardized mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined by the generic inverse variance estimation method. Results The therapeutic effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 1.394 (95% CI: 0.944–1.843), and the sensitivity analysis effect size was 1.074 (95% CI: 0.689–1.459), indicating a significant effect. The side effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 0.346 (95% CI: 0.214–0.506), a meaningful result. There were no severe side effects to the mothers or fetuses. Conclusions From various perspectives, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can be considered an alternative treatment to treat peripartum depression to avoid exposure of fetuses to drugs and the severe side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Further research is required to increase confidence in the results.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Yue-Heng Yin ◽  
Liu Yat Justina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial transplantation therapy for ischemia reperfusion injury: a systematic review of animal and human studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hayashida ◽  
Ryosuke Takegawa ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Tomoaki Aoki ◽  
Rishabh C. Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library

Abstract Background Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide energy for cellular functions, participate in cellular signaling and growth, and facilitate cell death. Based on their multifactorial roles, mitochondria are also critical in the progression of critical illnesses. Transplantation of mitochondria has been reported as a potential promising approach to treat critical illnesses, particularly ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, a systematic review of the relevant literature has not been conducted to date. Here, we systematically reviewed the animal and human studies relevant to IRI to summarize the evidence for mitochondrial transplantation. Methods We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and Embase and performed a systematic review of mitochondrial transplantation for IRI in both preclinical and clinical studies. We developed a search strategy using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Heading/Emtree terms. Studies including cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria as a transfer method were excluded. Data were extracted to a tailored template, and data synthesis was descriptive because the data were not suitable for meta-analysis. Results Overall, we identified 20 animal studies and two human studies. Among animal studies, 14 (70%) studies focused on either brain or heart IRI. Both autograft and allograft mitochondrial transplantation were used in 17 (85%) animal studies. The designs of the animal studies were heterogeneous in terms of the route of administration, timing of transplantation, and dosage used. Twelve (60%) studies were performed in a blinded manner. All animal studies reported that mitochondrial transplantation markedly mitigated IRI in the target tissues, but there was variation in biological biomarkers and pathological changes. The human studies were conducted with a single-arm, unblinded design, in which autologous mitochondrial transplantation was applied to pediatric patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for IRI–associated myocardial dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Conclusion The evidence gathered from our systematic review supports the potential beneficial effects of mitochondrial transplantation after IRI, but its clinical translation remains limited. Further investigations are thus required to explore the mechanisms of action and patient outcomes in critical settings after mitochondrial transplantation. Systematic review registration The study was registered at UMIN under the registration number UMIN000043347.

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