scholarly journals Visualization and Analysis in the Field of Pan-Cancer Studies and Its Application in Breast Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Zhang ◽  
Han Lai ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yixi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Pan Cancer ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although all cancers are molecularly distinct, many share common driver mutations. Pan-cancer analysis, utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS), pan-cancer model systems, and pan-cancer projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to assess frequently mutated genes and other genomic abnormalities that are common among many cancer types, regardless of the tumor origin, providing new directions for tumor biology research. However, there is currently no study that has objectively analyzed the results of pan-cancer studies on cancer biology. For this study, 999 articles on pan-cancer published from 2006 to 2020 were obtained from the Scopus database, and bibliometric methods were used to analyze citations, international cooperation, co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence clusters. Furthermore, we also focused on and summarized the application of pan-cancer in breast cancer. Our result shows that the pan-cancer studies were first published in 2006 and entered a period of rapid development after 2013. So far, 86 countries have carried out international cooperation in sharing research. Researchers form the United States and Canada have published the most articles and have made the most extensive contribution to this field, respectively. Through author keyword analysis of the 999 articles, TCGA, biomarkers, NGS, immunotherapy, DNA methylation, prognosis, and several other keywords appear frequently, and these terms are hot spots in pan-cancer studies. There are four subtypes of breast cancer (luminalA, luminalB, HER2, and basal-like) according to pan-cancer analysis of breast cancer. Meanwhile, it was found that breast cancer has genetic similarity to pan-gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer, which indicates related etiology and possibly similar treatments. Collectively, with the emergence of new detection methods, new cancer databases, and the involvement of more researchers, pan-cancer analyses will play a greater role in cancer biology research.

scholarly journals Panoptic Overview of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Nigeria: Current Challenges and Promising Global Initiatives

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Nikita Wright ◽  
Padmashree Rida ◽  
Emad Rakha ◽  
Ayodeji Agboola ◽  
Ritu Aneja
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nigerian Women

PurposeTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most deadly form of breast cancer (BC) today. TNBC treatment is fraught with challenges because of the extensive interpatient heterogeneity in clinical behavior and scarcity of stratifying biomarkers and actionable targets. Women of African ancestry face a disproportionate burden resulting from this disease, which affects them earlier and more aggressively and has a higher propensity to spread and resist conventional treatments. A much higher proportion of Nigerian patients with BC have TNBC compared with patients with BC in the United States and Europe.MethodsThis article spotlights Nigeria as an example of a nation wherein genetic and nongenetic spheres of influence intersect to affect the prevalence of this disease, the scale of its challenge, and its toll.ResultsStudies have illuminated the inherently different tumor biology of Nigerian TNBCs, which show distinct genetic variants and gene expression patterns compared with European or European-American TNBCs. Parallels are apparent between TNBC phenotypes among African Americans and Nigerians, implicating the common thread of shared genetic ancestry between these populations. Reproductive, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and cultural factors also shape TNBC outcomes in Nigeria, as do resource constraints in Nigerian health care and research sectors.ConclusionIncreasing our understanding of how these factors contribute to poorer outcomes among Nigerian women may uncover valuable insights and strategies in alleviating the TNBC burden in many countries of the world and help reduce the racial disparity in BC-related outcomes here in the United States. Importantly, this review also highlights collaborative global and local initiatives that converge expertise and resources to advance research on effective management of TNBC in diverse populations.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer: A Collaboration Between the American College of Radiology Commissions on Women and Diversity and Breast Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Smetherman ◽  
Kelly Biggs ◽  
Oluwadamilola M Fayanju ◽  
Scott Grosskreutz ◽  
Zahra Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
White Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Women

Abstract Since the 1980s, the mortality rate from breast cancer in the United States has dropped almost 40%. The quality of life and survival gains from early detection and improved treatment have not been shared equally by all ethnic groups, however. Many factors, including social determinants of health, unequal access to screening and oncologic care, and differences in incidence, tumor biology, and risk factors, have contributed to these unequal breast cancer outcomes. As breast radiologists approach their own patients, they must be aware that minority women are disproportionately affected by breast cancer at earlier ages and that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women are impacted by greater severity of disease than non-Hispanic White women. Guidelines that do not include women younger than 50 and/or have longer intervals between examinations could have a disproportionately negative impact on minority women. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic could worsen existing disparities in breast cancer mortality. Increased awareness and targeted efforts to identify and mitigate all of the underlying causes of breast cancer disparities will be necessary to realize the maximum benefit of screening, diagnosis, and treatment and to optimize quality of life and mortality gains for all women. Breast radiologists, as leaders in breast cancer care, have the opportunity to address and reduce some of these disparities for their patients and communities.

Breast cancer ErbB2 status in Asian women: A review of local literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22164-e22164
Author(s):  
Y. Tan ◽  
S. Han ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
C. H. Yip ◽  
P. Sunpaweravong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Cancer Studies ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

e22164 Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing throughout Asia. However, the characteristics of Asian breast cancer are not always well understood due to the limited availability of local data and their inadequate inclusion in global literature databases. Effective breast cancer treatment in this region requires a better understanding of Asian breast cancer biology, including ErbB2 status. Methods: We performed a literature search in seven Asian countries on breast cancer studies in which tumour ErbB2 overexpression was assessed. The keywords erbB2 OR HER2 OR ErbB-2 OR HER-2 AND breast cancer AND (country) were used to search PubMed, international and local conference abstracts and local-language journals from the year 2000 onwards. Where available, we selected up to five representative studies from each country on the basis of population size, multi-institution patient populations, institution reputation and journal impact factor. We excluded studies containing only mRNA, serum, or cell line data or those conducted on biased populations or in western countries on Asian populations. Results: ErbB2 data from 26 Asian breast cancer studies are summarized in the table . The mean or median age of the study populations ranged from 46–56 years, with one exception. In most studies that evaluated tumour ErbB2 and hormone status, ErbB2 over-expression correlated negatively with ER positivity. Conclusions: The larger studies in particular confirm that the proportion of ErbB2-positive breast cancer in Asia is generally similar to the 20–30% reported for western women. Definitions of ErbB2 positivity using IHC vary between institutions and FISH is not routinely performed in several Asian countries. This may contribute to the fact that reliable, representative data on breast tumour ErbB2 status is scarce in Malaysia, the Philippines, India and Thailand. The increased availability of accurate ErbB2 testing and data would aid improved treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancer in these countries. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING OF POLICE STAFF

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
І. В. Серединський
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Police Cooperation

The scientific article examines the issues of areas of international cooperation in the field of police training. Emphasis is placed on the best practices of Western Europe, the United States and Canada. At first it was emphasized that in modern conditions there is a rapid development of international relations on the principles of integration and mutual enrichment, and not on the terms of rigid differentiation. It is determined that the interaction is especially evident in the field of international cooperation of European law enforcement agencies. The author found that international police cooperation is carried out in several main areas: 1) assistance in training for foreign law enforcement agencies; 2) joint research of problems of struggle against offenses; 3) exchange of experience in the field of police training; 4) provision of logistical and advisory assistance. Emphasis is placed on the fact that an important factor is the recognition by the international community among other areas and the need for cooperation in the field of personnel training. The author formulates the main directions of international cooperation in the field of police training, in particular: integration into international bodies and organizations in the field of police training; integration into international police educational institutions; integration into the education system of leading foreign educational institutions, study of experience, analysis of the work of structural units, study of the scale of social activity, the field of scientific research, etc .; creating conditions for the development of police education in a particular country with the help of international partners and the experience of foreign countries; provision-receipt on a mutual, and more often on a unilateral basis to foreign colleagues of means of equipment, communication, equipment for use in police training. Finally, it is noted that the most intensive and effective police cooperation is carried out by the police of highly developed countries with similar economic, political and social conditions, similar legal attitudes and principles of law enforcement.

scholarly journals Patient-derived triple negative breast cancer organoids provide robust model systems that recapitulate tumor intrinsic characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Bhatia ◽  
Melissa Kramer ◽  
Suzanne Russo ◽  
Payal Naik ◽  
Gayatri Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Robust Model

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor patient outcomes, and an unmet clinical need for targeted therapies and better model systems. Here, we developed and comprehensively characterized a diverse biobank of normal and breast cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with a focus on TNBCs. PDOs recapitulated patient tumor intrinsic properties and a subset of PDOs can be propagated for long-term culture (LT-TNBCs). Single cell profiling of PDOs identified cell types and gene candidates affiliated with different aspects of cancer progression. The LT-TNBC organoids exhibit signatures of aggressive MYC-driven basal-like breast cancers and are largely comprised of luminal progenitor (LP)-like cells. The TNBC LP-like cells are distinct from normal LPs and exhibit hyperactivation of NOTCH and MYC signaling. Overall, our study validates TNBC PDOs as robust models for understanding breast cancer biology and progression, paving the way for personalized medicine and better treatment options.

Tailoring Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Based on Tumor Biology or Tumor Burden?

2016 ◽  
pp. e31-e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Ribnikar ◽  
Fatima Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Signatures ◽  
New Biomarkers

The question of whether to offer adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with early-stage breast cancer has always been challenging to answer. It is well known that a substantial proportion of patients with early-stage breast cancer are over treated, especially when staging and hormonal and HER2 receptors are solely taken into consideration. The advances in our knowledge of breast cancer biology and its clinical implications were the basis for the discovery of additional reliable prognostic markers to aid decision making for adjuvant treatment. Gene expression profiling is a molecular tool that more precisely defines the intrinsic characteristics of each individual tumor. The application of this technology has led to the development of gene signatures/profiles with relevant prognostic—and some predictive—value that have become important tools in defining which patients with early-stage breast cancer can be safely spared from chemotherapy. However, the exact clinical utility of these tools will only be determined after the results of two large prospective randomized trials, MINDACT and TailorX, evaluating their role become available. Notwithstanding the existence of these genomic tools, tumor burden (defined as tumor size and nodal status) still has independent prognostic value and must be incorporated in decision making. In addition, these gene signatures have limited predictive value, and new biomarkers and new targets are needed. Therefore close collaboration between clinicians and scientists is crucial. Lastly, issues of cost-effectiveness, reimbursement, and availability are crucial and widely variable around the globe.

scholarly journals Imaging Bioprinted Model Systems for Metastatic Breast Cancer Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1376-1377
Author(s):  
Jessica Riesterer ◽  
Arun Singh ◽  
Erin Stempinski ◽  
Steven Adamou ◽  
Cecilia Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cancer Studies

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822342199585
Author(s):  
Jason Schick ◽  
Raquel P Ritchie ◽  
Carolina Restini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Shed Light

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.

scholarly journals A breast cancer patient-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin P. Guillen ◽  
Maihi Fujita ◽  
Andrew J. Butterfield ◽  
Sandra D. Scherer ◽  
Matthew H. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Metastatic Recurrence ◽  
Multiple Tumor

AbstractModel systems that recapitulate the complexity of human tumors and the reality of variable treatment responses are urgently needed to better understand cancer biology and to develop more effective cancer therapies. Here we report development and characterization of a large bank of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and matched organoid cultures from tumors that represent some of the greatest unmet needs in breast cancer research and treatment. These include endocrine-resistant, treatment-refractory, and metastatic breast cancers and, in some cases, multiple tumor collections from the same patients. The models can be grown long-term with high fidelity to the original tumors. We show that development of matched PDX and PDX-derived organoid (PDxO) models facilitates high-throughput drug screening that is feasible and cost-effective, while also allowing in vivo validation of results. Our data reveal consistency between drug screening results in organoids and drug responses in breast cancer PDX. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of using these patient-derived models for precision oncology in real time with patient care, using a case of a triple negative breast cancer with early metastatic recurrence as an example. Our results uncovered an FDA-approved drug with high efficacy against the models. Treatment with the PDxO-directed therapy resulted in a complete response for the patient and a progression-free survival period more than three times longer than her previous therapies. This work provides valuable new methods and resources for functional precision medicine and drug development for human breast cancer.Graphical Abstract

Immunogenicity and transcriptomic biology in Nottingham histologic grade 3 breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12563-e12563
Author(s):  
Hideo Takahashi ◽  
Masanori Oshi ◽  
Mariko Asaoka ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Kazuaki Takabe
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Gene Sets

e12563 Background: Cancer biology dictates disease progression and prognosis of a tumor. Histological grade has been used as a proxy of tumor biology in various cancer types, although it depends on morphological analysis of the tissue. As such, Nottingham histological grade is recently incorporated into the 8th edition of the AJCC Breast Cancer Staging. Herein, we hypothesized that Nottingham histological Grade3 breast cancer (BC) demonstrate strong immunogenicity in response to aggressive phenotypes, reflecting worse clinical outcomes. Methods: Clinicopathological data and transcriptomes were obtained from Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA) cohort, and GSE25066. While METABRIC was used as a training cohort, the other two cohorts served as validation cohorts. As TCGA did not contain pathological information, Nottingham histological grade was manually collected through the Text Information Extraction Systems (TIES). Results: 2876 patients were analyzed in this study. Grade1 tumors were 274 patients (9.5%), Grade2 tumors 1185 patients (41.2%), and Grade3 tumors 1417 patients (49.3%). Grade3 tumors were common in patients with Estrogen receptor (ER) negative (p < 0.001), with Her2 and Basal molecular subtypes by the PAM50 classifier (p < 0.001), and associated with increased MKI-67 expression (p < 0.001). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly worse in Grade3 tumors in all cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that Grade3 tumors significantly enriched immune activity related gene sets as well as cell proliferation and cell cycle related gene sets. CIBERSORT also demonstrated that Grade3 BCs were infiltrated with anti-cancer macrophage M1, follicular helper T cells, and activated NK cells (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, Grade3 tumors were associated with more diverse T cell receptor (p = 0.001) and increased cytolytic activity (p < 0.001). Lastly, T cell exhaustion markers, including PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA4, were significantly elevated in Grade3 BCs (all p < 0.001) as a negative feedback loop. Conclusions: Grade3 BCs demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity as well as aggressive transcriptomic features.

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