scholarly journals Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822342199585
Author(s):  
Jason Schick ◽  
Raquel P Ritchie ◽  
Carolina Restini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Shed Light

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.

Breast Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Version ◽  
Common Malignancy

The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 217,440 new cases of breast cancer will have been diagnosed in the United States in the year 2004 and approximately 40,580 patients will die of this disease. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer death. The incidence of breast cancer has increased steadily in the United States over the past few decades, but breast cancer mortality appears to be declining. This suggests a benefit from early detection and more effective treatment. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org

E-Cigarette Advice to Patients From Physicians and Dentists in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1228-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Drouin ◽  
Robert C. McMillen ◽  
Jonathan D. Klein ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Random Digit Dialing ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: To report on adults’ recall of discussion by physicians and dentists about e-cigarettes. Design: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey (Internet and random digit dialing) in the United States. Participants: Adults who ever used e-cigarettes. Measures: Participant-reported discussion about the potential benefits and harms of e-cigarettes with their doctor, dentist, or child’s doctor in the past 12 months. Analysis: Fisher exact test for the analysis between benefits and harms for each type of provider and for rates of advice between provider types. Results: Among the 3030 adults who completed the survey, 523 (17.2%) had ever used e-cigarettes. Of those who had seen their doctor, dentist, or child’s doctor in the last year, 7.3%, 1.7%, and 10.1%, respectively, reported discussing potential harms of e-cigarettes. Conversely, 5.8%, 1.7%, and 9.3% of patients who had seen their doctor, dentist, or child’s doctor in the last year reported that the clinician discussed the potential benefits of e-cigarettes. Each clinician type was as likely to discuss harms as benefits. Rates of advice were similar between doctors and child’s doctors but lower for dentists. Rates were comparable when the analysis was limited to current e-cigarette users, participants with children, or those who reported using both e-cigarettes and combusted tobacco. Conclusions: Few physicians and dentists discuss either the harms or benefits of e-cigarettes with their patients. These data suggest an opportunity to educate, train, and provide resources for physicians and dentists about e-cigarettes and their use.

scholarly journals Food security status and breast cancer screening among women in the United States: Evidence from Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asos Mahmood ◽  
Satish Kedia ◽  
Patrick Dillon ◽  
Hyunmin kim ◽  
Hassan Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Screenings ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Purpose: To assesses the impact of food insecurity on biennial breast cancer screenings (i.e., mammography or breast x-ray) among older women in the United States (US).Methods: Data from the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study were used. The analyses were limited to a nationally representative sample of 2,861 women between 50 to 74 years of age, residing in the US. We employed a propensity score weighting method to balance observed confounders between food-secure and food-insecure women and fitted a binary logistic regression to investigate population-level estimates for the association between food security and breast cancer screening.Results: Food insecurity was significantly associated with failure to obtain a mammogram or breast x-ray within the past two years. Food-insecure women had 54% lower odds of reporting breast cancer screening in the past two years (OR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.70, P-value <.001) as compared to food-secure women. Additional factors associated with a higher likelihood of receiving breast cancer screenings included greater educational attainment, higher household income, regular access to health care/advice, not smoking, and not being physically disabled or experiencing depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Results demonstrate a socioeconomic gradient existing in regard to the utilization of regular breast cancer screenings among women. Those who tend to have lower education, lower-income and lack of reliable healthcare access are more likely to be food insecure. Thus, more likely to face the financial, logistical, or environmental barriers in obtaining screening services that accompany food insecurity.

scholarly journals Visualization and Analysis in the Field of Pan-Cancer Studies and Its Application in Breast Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Zhang ◽  
Han Lai ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yixi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Pan Cancer ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although all cancers are molecularly distinct, many share common driver mutations. Pan-cancer analysis, utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS), pan-cancer model systems, and pan-cancer projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to assess frequently mutated genes and other genomic abnormalities that are common among many cancer types, regardless of the tumor origin, providing new directions for tumor biology research. However, there is currently no study that has objectively analyzed the results of pan-cancer studies on cancer biology. For this study, 999 articles on pan-cancer published from 2006 to 2020 were obtained from the Scopus database, and bibliometric methods were used to analyze citations, international cooperation, co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence clusters. Furthermore, we also focused on and summarized the application of pan-cancer in breast cancer. Our result shows that the pan-cancer studies were first published in 2006 and entered a period of rapid development after 2013. So far, 86 countries have carried out international cooperation in sharing research. Researchers form the United States and Canada have published the most articles and have made the most extensive contribution to this field, respectively. Through author keyword analysis of the 999 articles, TCGA, biomarkers, NGS, immunotherapy, DNA methylation, prognosis, and several other keywords appear frequently, and these terms are hot spots in pan-cancer studies. There are four subtypes of breast cancer (luminalA, luminalB, HER2, and basal-like) according to pan-cancer analysis of breast cancer. Meanwhile, it was found that breast cancer has genetic similarity to pan-gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer, which indicates related etiology and possibly similar treatments. Collectively, with the emergence of new detection methods, new cancer databases, and the involvement of more researchers, pan-cancer analyses will play a greater role in cancer biology research.

scholarly journals Global Trends in Immunotherapy Research on Breast Cancer over the Past 10 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soo Kyung Ahn ◽  
Ji Woong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Trends

In recent years, many studies have focused on the host immune system and its relationship with tumor progression in a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancer. This study investigates recent trends of immunotherapy research in breast cancer and compares the contributions of research from different regions, institutions, and authors. A search of breast cancer and immunotherapy studies that were published between 2010 and 2019—with different keyword combinations—was performed in the Web of Science database. Bibliometric data were collected for analysis. VOSviewer software was used to generate a figure for the keyword’s co-occurrence network, so as to implement network visualization analysis. A total of 1,041 publications were identified. The United States and China contributed to approximately 50% of the publications, 336 and 208, respectively. Both countries drove the increase in publications after 2015. A paper entitled “Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: Phase IB KEYNOTE-012 Study” that was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Nanda et al. was the most cited (715 citations). The keywords found in this research were grouped into four clusters: “mechanism,” “vaccination,” “PD-L1,” and “chemotherapy.” The terms “tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes” and “PD-1/PD-L1” are among the latest hotspots, which mostly appeared in 2017. Author keyword analysis revealed that recent trends in breast cancer immunotherapy focus on the triple-negative breast cancer subtype and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway and inhibitors. This study analyzed global trends in immunotherapy research on breast cancer over the past 10 years and provided insight into the features and research hotspots of the articles in this issue.

Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1318-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yun Guo ◽  
Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng ◽  
Girdhar Singh Deora ◽  
Qing-Shan Li ◽  
Ban-Feng Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
The Past ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Receptor Modulators

Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, Mindfulness, and Yoga in Patients With Breast Cancer with Sleep Disturbance: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117822341774556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon B Zeichner ◽  
Rachel L Zeichner ◽  
Keerthi Gogineni ◽  
Sharon Shatil ◽  
Octavian Ioachimescu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients

The number of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with sleep disturbance has grown substantially within the United States over the past 20 years. Meanwhile, there have been significant improvements in the psychological treatment of sleep disturbance in patients with breast cancer. More specifically, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), mindfulness, and yoga have shown to be 3 promising treatments with varying degrees of benefit, supporting data, and inherent limitations. In this article, we will outline the treatment approach for sleep disturbance in patients with breast cancer and conduct a comprehensive review of CBT-I, mindfulness, and yoga as they pertain to this patient population.

scholarly journals Protein Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Misek ◽  
Evelyn H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
New Biomarkers

Advances in breast cancer control will be greatly aided by early detection so as to diagnose and treat breast cancer in its preinvasive state prior to metastasis. For breast cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States, early detection does allow for increased treatment options, including surgical resection, with a corresponding better patient response. Unfortunately, however, many patients' tumors are diagnosed following metastasis, thus making it more difficult to successfully treat the malignancy. There are, at present, no existing validated plasma/serum biomarkers for breast cancer. Only a few biomarkers (such as HER-2/neu, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor) have utility for diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, there is a great need for new biomarkers for breast cancer. This paper will focus on the identification of new serum protein biomarkers with utility for the early detection of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and Proteomic Evaluation of Nuclear Ubiquitous Casein and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Substrate in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ziółkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Gamian ◽  
Beata Osiecka ◽  
Alexandre Zougman ◽  
Jacek R. Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Group A

Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinases substrate (NUCKS) is 27 kDa chromosomal protein of unknown function. Its amino acid composition as well as structure of its DNA binding domain resembles that of high-mobility group A, HMGA proteins. HMGA proteins are associated with various malignancies. Since changes in expression of HMGA are considered as marker of tumor progression, it is possible that similar changes in expression of NUCKS could be useful tool in diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. For identification and analysis of NUCKS we used proteomic and histochemical methods. Analysis of patient-matched samples of normal and breast cancer by mass spectrometry revealed elevated levels of NUCKS in protein extracts from ductal breast cancers. We elicited specific antibodies against NUCKS and used them for immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. We found high expression of NUCKS in 84.3% of cancer cells. We suggest that such overexpression of NUCKS can play significant role in breast cancer biology.

scholarly journals Locoregional Therapies for the Treatment of Hepatic Metastases from Breast and Gynecologic Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samdeep Mouli ◽  
Ramona Gupta ◽  
Neil Sheth ◽  
Andrew Gordon ◽  
Robert Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Gynecologic Malignancies ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Locoregional Therapies ◽  
Disseminated Disease

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common women's malignancy in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer death. More than half of patients with breast cancer will develop hepatic metastases; this portends a poorer prognosis. In the appropriately selected patient, there does appear to be a role for curative (surgery, ablation) or palliative (intra-arterial treatments) locoregional therapy. Gynecologic malignancies are less common and metastases to the liver are most often seen in the setting of disseminated disease. The role of locoregional therapies in these patients is not well reported. The purpose of this article is to review the outcomes data of locoregional therapies in the treatment of hepatic metastases from breast and gynecologic malignancies.

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