Autoantibody-Specific Signalling in Pemphigus

Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune disease impairing barrier functions of epidermis and mucosa. Autoantibodies primarily target the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 and induce loss of desmosomal adhesion. Strikingly, autoantibody profiles in pemphigus correlate with clinical phenotypes. Mucosal-dominant pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterised by autoantibodies (PV-IgG) against Dsg3 whereas epidermal blistering in PV and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is associated with autoantibodies against Dsg1. Therapy in pemphigus is evolving towards specific suppression of autoantibody formation and autoantibody depletion. Nevertheless, during the acute phase and relapses of the disease additional treatment options to stabilise desmosomes and thereby rescue keratinocyte adhesion would be beneficial. Therefore, the mechanisms by which autoantibodies interfere with adhesion of desmosomes need to be characterised in detail. Besides direct inhibition of Dsg adhesion, autoantibodies engage signalling pathways interfering with different steps of desmosome turn-over. With this respect, recent data indicate that autoantibodies induce separate signalling responses in keratinocytes via specific signalling complexes organised by Dsg1 and Dsg3 which transfer the signal of autoantibody binding into the cell. This hypothesis may also explain the different clinical pemphigus phenotypes.

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An Updated Review of Pemphigus Diseases

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57101080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1080

Author(s):

Ali M. Malik ◽

Sarah Tupchong ◽

Simo Huang ◽

Abhirup Are ◽

Sylvia Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Iga Pemphigus ◽

Anti Cd20

Clinicians may encounter a variety of skin conditions that present with vesiculobullous lesions in their everyday practice. Pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus, and paraneoplastic pemphigus represent the spectrum of autoimmune bullous dermatoses of the pemphigus family. The pemphigus family of diseases is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Considering the risks associated with a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and the potential for overlap in clinical features and treatment, evaluation for suspected pemphigus disease often requires thorough clinical assessment and laboratory testing. Diagnosis is focused on individual biopsies for histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Additional laboratory methods used for diagnosis include indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recent advancements, including anti-CD20 therapy, have improved the efficacy and reduced the morbidity of pemphigus treatment. This contribution presents updates on the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and medical management of pemphigus. Improved strategies for diagnosis and clinical assessment are reviewed, and newer treatment options are discussed.

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Drug-induced pemphigus foliaceus with features of pemphigus vulgaris

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04043.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 421-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

K. Ogata ◽

H. Nakajima ◽

M. Ikeda ◽

Y. Yamamoto ◽

M. Amagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Drug Induced

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vulvo-cervico-vaginal manifestations and evaluation of Papanicolaou smears in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717980433.793471685 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Cassian Sitaru ◽

Roxana Chiorean

Keyword(s):

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Papanicolaou Smears

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Conventional versus Mindfulness-based Interventions for Anxiety and Worry: A Review and Recommendations

Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews ◽

10.2174/2666082216666200220121648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Deah Jo Abbott ◽

Caleb Wayne Lack

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Third Wave ◽

Stage Model ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

The Past ◽

Behavioral Therapies ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽

Specific Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Problems

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and most functionally impairing psychiatric problems experienced by the population. Both pharmacological and psychological evidencebased treatments exist for a number of specific disorders, but may fail to fully relieve symptoms, pointing to the need for additional treatment options. Often considered to be part of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapies, treatments incorporating mindfulness have emerged in the past two decades as increasingly popular with clinicians and frequently sought out by consumers. The present article reviews the extant literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of mindfulnessbased treatments for anxiety, worry, and related problems. Although they have not attained the solid empirical status of CBT or certain pharmacological treatments, the extant research shows mindfulness- based interventions appear to be a promising and useful treatment for people suffering from anxiety and worry. Further work should be done, levels 3-5 of the NIH stage model to determine whether or not they should be further implemented.

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Use of monoclonal antibody therapy for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19: experience from a tertiary-care hospital in Germany

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-021-01657-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johanna Koehler ◽

Barbara Ritzer ◽

Simon Weidlich ◽

Friedemann Gebhardt ◽

Chlodwig Kirchhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibody Therapy ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

AbstractAdditional treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently needed, particularly for populations at high risk of severe disease. This cross-sectional, retrospective study characterized the outcomes of 43 patients with nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with and without treatment using monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (bamlanivimab or casirivimab/imdevimab). Our results indicate that treatment with monoclonal antibodies results in a significant decrease in disease progression and mortality when used for asymptomatic patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Coexistence of IgA antibodies to desmogleins 1 and 3 in pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus and paraneoplastic pemphigus

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07717.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (4) ◽

pp. 635-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L.F. Mentink ◽

M.C.J.M. de Jong ◽

G.J. Kloosterhuis ◽

J. Zuiderveen ◽

M.F. Jonkman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus ◽

Iga Antibodies

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Lesional Th17 cells in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus

Journal of Dermatological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.09.008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 228-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Masataka Arakawa ◽

Teruki Dainichi ◽

Shinichiro Yasumoto ◽

Takashi Hashimoto

Keyword(s):

Th17 Cells ◽

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Pemphigus Foliaceus

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Treatment of Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis in Farm Ruminants: State of Knowledge and Future Trends

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666181002113617 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 1304-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez ◽

Patricia Vázquez ◽

Ignacio Ferre ◽

Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Current Status ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Zoonotic Parasites ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are closely related protozoan diseases that lead to important economic impacts in farm ruminants. Toxoplasma gondii infection mainly causes reproductive failure in small ruminants and is a widespread zoonosis, whereas Neospora caninum infection is one of the most important causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. Vaccination has been considered the most economic measure for controlling these diseases. However, despite vaccine development efforts, only a liveattenuated T. gondii vaccine has been licensed for veterinary use, and no promising vaccines against neosporosis have been developed; therefore, vaccine development remains a key goal. Additionally, drug therapy could be a valuable strategy for disease control in farm ruminants, as several drugs that limit T. gondii and N. caninum proliferation and dissemination have been evaluated. This approach may also be relevant to performing an initial drug screening for potential human therapy for zoonotic parasites. Treatments can be applied against infections in adult ruminants to minimize the outcomes of a primo-infection or the reactivation of a chronic infection during gestation or in newborn ruminants to avoid infection chronification. In this review, the current status of drug development against toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in farm ruminants is presented, and in an effort to promote additional treatment options, prospective drugs that have shown efficacy in vitro and in laboratory animal models of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are examined.

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