scholarly journals In vivo Imaging of Retina and Choroid in Guinea Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Dong ◽  
Yi Fan Li ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Yin Jun Lan ◽  
Lei Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Oct Imaging ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of in-vivo imaging of the retina and choroid using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in guinea pigs.Methods: The study included 19 pigmented guinea pigs (age: 3–4 weeks) which underwent sonographic axial length measurements and OCT imaging. At study end, the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric examinations of the retina and choroid were performed. We assessed the reproducibility of the OCT measurements and compared in-vivo measurements to histomorphometric data.Results: The mean thickness of the retina and choroid near the optic nerve head was 175.6 ± 25.8 and 63.4 ± 16.5 μm, respectively, and mean Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) diameter was 831 ± 121 μm. The intra-observer comparison of measurements of retinal thickness (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96; P < 0.001), choroidal thickness (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96; P < 0.001), and BMO diameter (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96; P < 0.001) showed a high correlation. A high agreement was present also for the inter-observer reproducibility of the measurements of retinal thickness (Pearson correlation coefficient (R) = 0.98; P < 0.001), choroidal thickness (R = 0.96; P < 0.001), and BMO diameter (R = 0.98; P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots showed that 2.6% (1/38), 5.3% (2/38), and 7.9% (3/38) of the measurement points of retinal thickness, choroidal thickness and BMO diameter, respectively, were located outside of the 95% limits of agreement. The OCT-based thickness measurements of retina and choroid were significantly higher than those measured by histomorphometry (both P-values <0.01).Conclusion: OCT-based in-vivo morphometric imaging of the retina and choroid in guinea pigs is feasible with an acceptable intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

scholarly journals New Tracking System of Human Scapula Using Ultrasonography and Motion Sensors: A Descriptive Test–Retest Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Trinidad-Fernández ◽  
Manuel González-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
New Method

Context: Several studies have shown that the kinematics of the scapula is altered in many disorders that affect the shoulder. Description of scapular motion in the chest continues to be a scientific and clinical challenge. Objective: To check the validity and reliability of a new, minimally invasive method of tracking the internal and external rotation of the scapula using ultrasound imaging combined with the signal provided by a 3-dimensional electromagnetic sensor. Design: A cross-sectional study with a repeated-measures descriptive test–retest design was employed to evaluate this new tracking method. The new method was validated in vitro and the reliability of data over repeated measures between scapula positions was calculated in vivo. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: A total of 30 healthy men and women. Main Outcome Measure: The validation of the scapula rotation tracking using the in vitro model was calculated by Pearson correlation test between a 2-dimensional cross-correlation algorithm of the new method and another software image. The reliability of the tracking of the scapula rotation was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In the validation in vitro, the correlation of rotations obtained by the 2 methods was good (r = .77, P = .01). The reliability in vivo had excellent results (intraclass correlation coefficient = .88; 95% confidence interval, .82–.93) in the test–retest analysis of 8 measures. The intrarater analysis of variance test showed no significant differences between the measures (P = .85, F = 0.46). Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging combined with a motion sensor to track the scapula has been shown to be a reliable and valid method for measuring internal and external rotation during separation of the upper limb.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of elderly individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiany Borghetti Valer ◽  
Marinês Aires ◽  
Fernanda Lais Fengler ◽  
Lisiane Manganelli Girardi Paskulin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Student’S T

OBJECTIVE: to adapt and validate the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of older adults in Brazil.METHOD: methodological study involving initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee review, pre-testing, submission of the final version to the original authors, and assessment of the inventory's psychometric properties. The inventory assesses five dimensions of caregiver burden: time-dependence, developmental, physical, social and emotional dimensions.RESULTS: a total of 120 family caregivers took part in the study. All care-receivers were older adults dependent on assistance to perform activities of daily living, and lived in the central region of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Cronbach's alpha value for the inventory was 0.936, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the scores obtained on the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Burden Interview was 0.814. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.941, and the value of Student's T-test comparing test and retest scores was 0.792.CONCLUSION: the instrument presented adequate reliability and the suitability of its items and factors was confirmed in this study.

Assessing the Motor Status Score: A Scale for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Motor Outcomes in Patients after Stroke

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ferraro ◽  
Jennifer Hogan Demaio ◽  
Jennifer Krol ◽  
Chris Trudell ◽  
Keren Rannekleiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
Motor Outcomes

The Motor Status Scale (MSS) measures shoulder, elbow (maximum score = 40), wrist, hand, and finger movements (maximum score = 42), and expands the measurement of upper extremity impairment and disability provided by the Fugl-Meyer (FM) score. This work examines the interrater reliability and criterion validity of the MSS performed in patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital 21 ± 4 days after stroke. Using the MSS and the FM, 7 occupational therapists masked to each other’s judgments, evaluated 12 consecutive patients with stroke. Two therapists evaluated 6 additional patients on consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for each group of raters for the shoulder/elbow and for the wrist/hand (P < 0.0001); test-retest measures were also significant for the shoulder/elbow (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.004) and for the wrist/hand (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.003). The internal item consistency for the overall MSS was significant (Cronbach alpha = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Finally the correlation between the MSS and the FM (R 2 = 0.964) was significant (P < 0.0001). The MSS affords a reliable and valid assessment of upper limb impairment and disability following stroke.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability testing of the Spanish version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in healthy community-dwelling elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Dominguez-Olivan ◽  
Angel Gasch-Gallen ◽  
Esmeralda Aguas-Garcia ◽  
Ana Bengoetxea
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Convenience Sample

Abstract Background The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and its abbreviated version, the Mini-BESTest are clinical examination of balance impairment, but its psychometric properties have not yet been tested in European Spanish. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of BESTest and Mini-BESTest in Spanish in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods We designed a cross-sectional transcultural adaptation and validation study. Convenience sample of thirty (N-30) adults aged 65 to 89 years old without balance problems were recruited. Two physiotherapists assessed participants at the same time. Internal consistency of Spanish BESTest and Mini-BESTest was carried out by obtaining the Cronbach Alpha. The reproducibility between raters was studied with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated by comparing the relationship between the BESTest, mini-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Results BESTest and Mini-BESTest showed good internal consistency. BESTest and Mini-BESTest total scores showed an excellent inter-rater agreement. There was a significant correlation between total score of the BESTest and the Mini-BESTest (r = 0.65; p < 0.001). BESTest had a moderate association with BBS and a strong association with FES-I. Mini-BESTest had a fair correlation with BBS and FES-I. Total scores obtained by women at BESTest and at Mini-BESTest were significantly lower than those reached by men. The differences observed in all the test when disaggregating data by sex require further research. Conclusions Spanish versions of BESTest and Mini-BESTest are comprehensible for new raters. They are reliable tools to provide information on which particular balance systems show impairment in community dwelling older adults. Elderly women had a worse quality of balance and a greater perception of their risk of falling. Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with NCT 03403218 on 2018/01/17.

scholarly journals The Validity of In Vivo Tooth Volume Determinations From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Raphael Olszewski ◽  
Emanuel Stefan Alexandroni ◽  
Reyes Enciso ◽  
Tianmin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Water Displacement

Abstract Objective: To determine the accuracy of volumetric analysis of teeth in vivo using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The physical volume (Vw) of 24 bicuspids extracted for orthodontic purposes (16 were imaged with the I-CAT and 8 with the CB MercuRay) were determined using the water displacement technique. Corresponding pretreatment CBCT image data were uploaded into Amira 4.0 for segmentation and radiographic volume (Va). All measurements were performed twice by two observers. The statistical difference between Vw and Va was assessed using a paired t-test. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability were determined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The overall mean Vw of teeth specimens was 0.553 ± 0.082 cm3, while the overall mean Va was 0.548 ± 0.079 cm3 (0.529 ± 0.078 cm3 for observer 1 and 0.567 ± 0.085 cm3 for observer 2). There were statistically significant differences between Va and Vw (P &lt; .05). Between observer 1 and observer 2, Va measurements were statistically significantly different (P &lt; .05). The interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficient for Vw was high. Lastly, surface smoothing reduced the volume by 3% to 12%. Conclusions: In vivo determination of tooth volumes from CBCT data is feasible. The measurements slightly deviate from the physical volumes within −4% to 7%. Smoothing operations reduce volume measurements. Currently, no requirements for accuracy of volumetric determinations of tooth volume have been established.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of the nurse quality of communication with patient questionnaire

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Vukovic ◽  
Branislav Gvozdenovic ◽  
Branka Stamatovic-Gajic ◽  
Miodrag Ilic ◽  
Tomislav Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Patient Relationship

Introduction. Nurse/patient relationship as a complex interrelation or as an interaction of the factor patient and factor nurse has been a subject of a number of studies during the past ten years. Nurse/patient communication is a special entity, usually observed within a framework of the wider nurse/ patient relationship. In that regard, we wanted to develop a standardized questionnaire that could reliably measure the quality of communication between nurse and patient, and be used by nurses. Objectives. The main goal of this study was to develop and evaluate construct validity of the Nurse Quality of Communication with Patient Questionnaire (NQCPQ), as well as to evaluate its reliability. The goal was also to establish a measure of inter-raters reliability, using two repeated measurements of results by items and scores of the NQCPQ, on the same observed units by two assessors. Methods. The starting NQCPQ that consists of 25 items, was filled in by two groups of nurses. Each nurse was questioned during morning and afternoon shifts, in order to evaluate their communication with hospitalized patients, using marks from 1 to 6. To evaluate construct validity, we used the analysis of main components, while reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach-alpha coefficient. To evaluate interraters reliability, we used Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. Using a group of 118 patients, we explained 86% of the unknown, regarding the investigated phenomenon (communication nurse/patient), using one component by which we separated 6 items of the questionnaire. Inter-item correlation (?) in this component was 0.96. Pearson correlation coefficient was highly significant, value 0.7 by item, and correlation coefficient for scores at repeated measurements was 0.84. Conclusion. NQCPQ is 6-item instrument with high construct validity. It can be used to measure quality of nurse/patient communication in a simple, fast and reliable way. It could contribute to more adequate research and defining of this problem, and as such could be used in studies of interaction of psychometric, clinical, biochemical, socio-cultural, demographic and other parameters as well.

scholarly journals Comparison of Choroidal Thickness Measurements between Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun On Lee ◽  
Xiujuan Zhang ◽  
Shumin Tang ◽  
Li Jia Chen ◽  
Carol Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract PURPOSE: Choroidal thickness is associated with many ocular conditions, interchangeability among different generations of optical coherence tomography is therefore important for both research purpose and clinical application. Hence, we compared choroidal thickness measurements between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in healthy pediatric eyes.METHODS: Children from the population–based Hong Kong Children Eye Study were recruited. Choroidal thickness was measured by both devices. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the measurements.RESULTS: A total of 114 children with mean age of 7.38±0.82 years were included. The central foveal choroidal thickness (CFCT) measured by SD-OCT and SS-OCT was 273.24±54.29μm and 251.84±47.12μm respectively. Inter-device correlation coefficient was 0.840 (95%CI: 0.616-0.918). However, choroidal thickness obtained by SD-OCT was significantly thicker than that measured by SS-OCT with a mean difference of 21.40±33.13μm (P<0.001). Bland-Altman limit of agreement on the relative difference scale for SD-OCT/SS-OCT was 86.33μm. Validated conversion equation for translating SD-OCT CFCT measurement into SS-OCT was SS-OCT = 35.261 + 0.810 x SD-OCT. CONCLUSIONS: ICC shows an acceptable agreement between SD-OCT and SS-OCT, however, there was a significant inter-device difference of choroidal thickness measurements in normal children eyes. Therefore, the measurements are not interchangeable.

scholarly journals In vivo electrical conductivity measurement of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around knee joint using MR-electrical properties tomography

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Young Cheol Yoon ◽  
Hyun Su Kim ◽  
Jiyeong Lee ◽  
Eunju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether in vivo MR-electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT) is feasible in musculoskeletal tissues by evaluating the conductivity of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around the knee joint, and to explore whether these measurements change after exercise. This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. On February 2020, ten healthy volunteers provided written informed consent and underwent MRI of the right knee using a three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. To test the effect of loading, the subjects performed 60 squatting exercises after baseline MRI, immediately followed by post-exercise MRI with the same sequences. After reconstruction of conductivity map based on the bSSFP sequence, conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were measured. Measurements between the baseline and post-exercise MRI were compared using the paired t-test. Test–retest reliability for baseline conductivity was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The baseline and post-exercise conductivity values (mean ± standard deviation) [S/m] of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 1.73 ± 0.40 and 1.82 ± 0.50 (p = 0.048), 2.29 ± 0.47 and 2.51 ± 0.37 (p = 0.006), and 2.35 ± 0.57 and 2.36 ± 0.57 (p = 0.927), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the baseline conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 0.89, 0.67, and 0.89, respectively. In conclusion, in vivo conductivity measurement of musculoskeletal tissues is feasible using MR-EPT. Conductivity of muscles and cartilages significantly changed with an overall increase after exercise.

scholarly journals Quality of care in dysphagia patients: adaptation and validation of the Swedish SWAL-CARE questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hedström ◽  
Mia Johansson ◽  
Caroline Olsson ◽  
Lisa Tuomi ◽  
Caterina Finizia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to adapt the instrument and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Swallowing Quality of Care questionnaire (S-SWAL-CARE) in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods Translation and adaptation of the original SWAL-CARE into Swedish was performed according to established international guidelines. Field testing was performed using 100 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia due to multiple reasons such as head and neck cancer and neurologic/neuromuscular disease, who had undergone swallowing evaluation within 6 months prior to the study. The patients answered the S-SWAL-CARE, the Quality from the Patient’s Perspective (QPP) and the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL). Test–retest was performed in 20% of the participants. The reliability and validity of the S-SWAL-CARE were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha as well as convergent and discriminative validity, respectively. Results The field testing of the S-SWAL-CARE resulted in sufficient reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.90 for all domains. All items correlated strongly to their own domain, with weaker correlations to the other domains, indicating proper scale structure. Results also indicate sufficient convergent and discriminant validity when tested for association to the QPP domains and the SWAL-QOL Total score. The test–retest reliability of the S-SWAL-CARE demonstrated sufficient intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the General advice domain (0.73) and Clinical advice domain (0.82). The ICC for the Patient satisfaction domain was lower (0.44). Conclusion The S-SWAL-CARE can be considered a reliable and valid tool to assess the dysphagia-related quality of care in a mixed Swedish dysphagia patient population.

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