scholarly journals Refractive Error and Eye Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-hao Wang ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Yu-lin Tseng ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Xue-min Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose: To explore the associations between refractive errors and multiple eye health outcomes.Methods: This is an umbrella review based on systematic reviews with meta-analyses. In our study, refractive errors included myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia. We reconducted the meta-analyses whose primary data were available in sufficient detail by random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2. The main outcomes included myopic macular degeneration (MMD), retinal detachment (RD), cataract, open-angle glaucoma (OAG), strabismus, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Results: Myopia was associated with increased risk of MMD (relative risk = 102.11, 95% CI 52.6–198.22), RD (3.45, 1.08–11.00), nuclear cataract (2.15, 1.53–3.03), posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract (1.74, 1.41–2.15), OAG (1.95, 1.74–2.19), exotropia (5.23, 2.26–12.09), but decreased risk of DR (0.83, 0.66–1.04), and early AMD (0.80, 0.67–0.94). From mild-to-high myopia, the association strengthened for MMD, RD, nuclear cataract, PSC cataract, OAG, and DR. Hyperopia was associated with an increased risk of early AMD (1.09, 1.01–1.18) and esotropia (22.94, 10.20–51.62). Astigmatism and anisometropia were associated with increased risk of both exotropia and esotropia.Conclusions: Myopia, especially high myopia, demonstrated the highest risk for eye health outcomes, such as MMD, RD, OAG, nuclear and PSC cataracts, and exotropia. However, myopia was associated with a lower risk of early AMD and DR. Individuals with hyperopia are more likely to suffer early AMD and esotropia. Astigmatism and anisometropia predispose to strabismus. A lot of research studies on the mechanism of the associations are needed.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=239744; identifier: 239744

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Human Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Jaimon T Kelly ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Meghan Hockey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Credibility Assessment ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

ABSTRACT Numerous observational studies have investigated the role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) in chronic disease risk. The aims of this umbrella review and integrated meta-analyses were to systematically synthesize the observational evidence reporting on the associations between the DII and health outcomes based on meta-analyses, and to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for each associated outcome. This umbrella review with integrated meta-analyses investigated the association between the DII and a range of health outcomes based on meta-analyses of observational data. A credibility assessment was conducted for each outcome using the following criteria: statistical heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, evidence for small-study effect and/or excess significance bias, as well as effect sizes and P values using calculated random effects meta-analyses. In total, 15 meta-analyses reporting on 38 chronic disease-related outcomes were included, incorporating a total population of 4,360,111 subjects. Outcomes (n = 38) were examined through various study designs including case-control (n = 8), cross-sectional (n = 5), prospective (n = 5), and combination (n = 20) study designs. Adherence to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern had a significant positive association with 27 (71%) of the included health outcomes (P value < 0.05). Using the credibility assessment, Class I (Convincing) evidence was identified for myocardial infarction only, Class II (Highly suggestive) evidence was identified for increased risk of all-cause mortality, overall risk of incident cancer, and risk of incident site-specific cancers (colorectal, pancreatic, respiratory, and oral cancers) with increasing (more pro-inflammatory) DII score. Most outcomes (n = 31) presented Class III (Suggestive) or lower evidence (Weak or No association). Pro-inflammatory dietary patterns were nominally associated with an increased risk of many chronic disease outcomes. However, the strength of evidence for most outcomes was limited. Further prospective studies are required to improve the precision of the effect size.

scholarly journals Association betweenH. pyloriinfection and health Outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e031951
Author(s):  
Liqun Li ◽  
Jinjing Tan ◽  
Lijian Liu ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Guangwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectiveSystematic reviews and meta-analyses have revealed the associations betweenH. pyloriinfection and various health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the strength and breadth of evidence on the associations.DesignUmbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.SettingNo settings.ParticipantsNo patients involved.Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library Databases, CNKI, VIP database and Wangfang database from inception to February 1, 2019.Outcomes measuresDiverse diseases (such as cancer and ischaemic heart disease).ResultsSixty articles reporting 88 unique outcomes met the eligible criteria. 74 unique outcomes had nominal significance (p<0.05). Of the outcomes with significance, 61 had harmful associations and 13 had beneficial associations. Furthermore, 73% (64) of the outcomes exhibited significant heterogeneity . Of the these meta-analyses, 32 had moderate to high heterogeneity (I2=50%–75%) and 24 had high heterogeneity (I2>75%). Moreover, 20% exhibited publication bias (p<0.1). In addition, 97% of the methodological qualities were rated ‘critically low’. 36% of the evidence qualities of outcomes were rated ‘low’, 56% of the evidence qualities were rated ‘very low’ and 8% of the evidence qualities were rated ‘moderate’.H. pyloriinfection may be associated with an increased risk of five diseases and a decreased risk of irritable bowel syndrome.ConclusionAlthough 60 meta-analyses explored 88 unique outcomes, moderate quality evidence only existed for six outcomes with statistical significance.H. pyloriinfection may be associated with a decreased risk of irritable bowel syndrome and an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia, chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, gestational diabetes mellitus, gastric cancer and systemic sclerosis.Trial registrationCRD42019124680.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia and long-term health outcomes: preliminary results from an umbrella review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Giannakou ◽  
T Pittara ◽  
D Lamnisos
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Small Study ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy disease, linked with several complications during and after pregnancy. Although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, evidence suggests that PE has long-term health effects of both the mother and the offspring. Methods An umbrella review was performed to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association of PE with long-term health outcomes in women and infants born to pregnancies complicated with PE. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and ISI Web of Science from inception to March 2019. For each meta-analysis we estimated the summary effect size by random-effects and fixed-effects models, the 95% confidence interval, the 95% prediction interval (PI), the between-study heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects and evidence of excess significance bias. To evaluate the credibility of the published evidence we preferred state-of-the-art approaches of predefined criteria. Results Twenty-two eligible meta-analyses were identified providing data on 71 associations. Forty-nine (69%) associations had nominally statistically significant findings at P &lt; 0.05, while nineteen (27%) remain significant at P &lt; 10-6 under the random-effects model. Forty (56%) associations had large or very large heterogeneity. Evidence for small-study effects and excess significance bias was found in 4 (6%) and 7 (10%) associations, respectively. Only five associations presented robust evidence: cerebrovascular disease (cohort studies), cerebrovascular disease (overall), cardiac disease, cardiovascular mortality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These were supported by &gt; 1000 cases, 95% PI excluding the null, no large heterogeneity, small-study effects, or excess of significance. Conclusions Our findings suggest an increased risk for women to develop cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and cardiac diseases after a pregnancy complicated by PE, while offspring exposed to PE are at higher risk for ADHD. Key messages Our findings highlight the importance of promoting ongoing patient assessment practices for prevention and early diagnosis of these comorbidities. More research is required for the elevated risks of the reported outcomes to improve maternal health.

Gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration in a Spanish population

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110026
Author(s):  
Pablo Gili ◽  
Leyre Lloreda Martín ◽  
José-Carlos Martín-Rodrigo ◽  
Naon Kim-Yeon ◽  
Laura Modamio-Gardeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exudative Amd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: To identify the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, CFB, C2, and C3 genes and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Spanish population. Methods: In 187 exudative AMD patients and 196 healthy controls (61% women, mean age 75 years), 12 SNPs as risk factors for AMD in CFH (rs1410996, rs1061170, r380390), ARMS2 (rs10490924, rs10490923), HTRA1 (rs11200638), CFB (rs641153), C2 (rs547154, rs9332739), and C3 (rs147859257, rs2230199, rs1047286) genes were analyzed. Results: The G allele was the most frequent in CFH gene (rs1410996) with a 7-fold increased risk of AMD (OR 7.69, 95% CI 3.17–18.69), whereas carriers of C allele in CFH (rs1061170) showed a 3-fold increased risk for AMD (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.93–5.40). In CFH (rs380390), the presence of G allele increased the risk for AMD by 2-fold (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.47–4.30). In ARMS2 (rs10490924), the T-allele was associated with an almost 5-fold increased risk (OR 5.49, 95% CI 3.23–9.31). The A allele in HTRA1 (rs11200638) was more prevalent in AMD versus controls (OR 6.44, 95% CI 3.62–11.47). In C2 gene (rs9332739) the presence of C increased risk for AMD by 3-fold (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.06–9.06). Conclusion: SNPs in CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1, and C2 genes were associated in our study with an increased risk for exudative AMD in Spanish patients.

scholarly journals Frailty Status and All-Cause Mortality in the Community-Dwelling Older People: An Umbrella Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
A R M Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
Joanne Ryan ◽  
Carlene Britt ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Robyn Woods
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Frailty is increasingly recognised for its association with adverse health outcomes including mortality. However, various measures are used to assess frailty, and the strength of association could vary depending on the specific definition used. This umbrella review aimed to map which frailty scale could best predict the relationship between frailty and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people. According to the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase, EBSCOhost and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses which examined the association between frailty and all-cause mortality in the community-dwelling older people. Relevant data were extracted and summarised qualitatively. Methodological quality was assessed by AMSTAR-2 checklist. Five moderate-quality systematic reviews with a total of 374,529 participants were identified. Of these, two examined the frailty phenotype and its derivatives, two examined the cumulative deficit models and the other predominantly included studies assessing frailty with the FRAIL scale. All of the reviews found a significant association between frailty status and all-cause mortality. The magnitude of association varied between individual studies, with no consistent pattern related to the frailty measures that were used. In conclusion, regardless of the measure used to assess frailty status, it is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Profiling of Orange-Coloured Capsicums: In Search of High-Zeaxanthin Varieties for Eye Health

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rimjhim Agarwal ◽  
Hung T. Hong ◽  
Alice Hayward ◽  
Stephen Harper ◽  
Neena Mitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Daily Dietary Intake ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Red Capsicum

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, such as Australia. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only two carotenoids found in the macular region of the eye. Studies have shown that an intake of 10 mg and 2 mg per day of lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, can reduce the rate of progression of AMD. The supply of these carotenoids can only be met through dietary sources or supplements, as these compounds cannot be synthesised by humans. Although lutein is relatively abundant in dietary sources, zeaxanthin has limited sources. In this study, eight orange and three red capsicum varieties were analysed for their carotenoid profiles by UHPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. It was observed that the principal carotenoid for seven of the orange varieties was zeaxanthin, and capsanthin for the three red varieties. One orange variety, which had a darker orange hue, had capsanthin and violaxanthin as its principal carotenoids instead of zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin concentration (the principal carotenoid) in the seven orange varieties varied from 2.6 ± 0.5 mg/100 g to 25.27 ± 9.4 mg/100 FW, suggesting that as little as 7 g of the high-zeaxanthin line could meet the recommended daily dietary intake of 2 mg/person/day.

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory Index and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Hua Liu ◽  
Chuan Liu ◽  
Ting-Ting Gong ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background and Aims: The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is associated with non-communicable disease. We conducted an umbrella review to systematically evaluate meta-analyses of observational studies on DII and diverse health outcomes.Methods: We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify related systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Those investigating the association between DII and a wide range of health outcomes in humans were eligible for inclusion. For each meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size by using fixed and random effects models, the 95% confidence interval, and the 95% prediction interval. We assessed heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias.Results: The umbrella review identified 35 meta-analyses assessing associations between DII and various health outcomes: cancer (n = 24), mortality (n = 4), metabolic (n = 4), and other (n = 3). The methodological quality was high or moderate. Of the 35 meta-analyses, we observed highly suggestive evidence for harmful associations between digestive tract cancer, colorectal cancer, overall cancer, pharyngeal cancer, UADT cancer, and CVD mortality. Moreover, 11 harmful associations showed suggestive evidence: hormone-dependent cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, breast and prostate cancer, gynecological cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, and depression.Conclusion: DII is likely to be associated with harmful effects in multiple health outcomes. Robust randomized controlled trials are warranted to understand whether the observed results are causal.Systematic Review Registration: CRD42021218361

Elevated apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol associated with age-related macular degeneration: two population cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Tybjærg Nordestgaard ◽  
Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽  
Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Plasma Apolipoprotein

Abstract Context To enable prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration(AMD), understanding risk factors for AMD is important. Objective We tested the hypotheses that elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and low levels of low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, are associated with increased risk of AMD. Design and Setting From the Danish general population, we studied 106,703 and 16,032 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study(CGPS) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study(CCHS) with median follow-up of respectively 9 and 32 years. Main Outcome Measures 1,787 AMD in CGPS and 206 in CCHS. Results Higher concentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol, and lower concentrations of LDL cholesterol, were associated with higher risk of AMD in CGPS. After multifactorial adjustment, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol had hazard ratios for AMD of 1.40(95%CI:1.20-1.63) and 1.22(1.03-1.45). Corresponding hazard ratios for individuals in the lowest versus highest quartile of LDL cholesterol were 1.18(1.02-1.37). Per 100 mg/dL higher plasma apolipoprotein A1, 1 mmol/L(39 mg/dL) higher HDL, and 1 mmol/L(39mmol/L) lower LDL cholesterol, the hazard ratios for AMD were 1.53(1.31-1.80), 1.19(1.07-1.32), and 1.05(1.00-1.11), respectively, with similar results across strata of different risk factors. Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol were also associated with higher risk of AMD in the CCHS. Conclusion Elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol, and lower LDL cholesterol, are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document