Study on Purification of Oil-Polluted Sea Water by Rice Hull Adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248
Author(s):  
Mei Yu Zhao ◽  
Yu Bo Cui ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ying Hui Liu ◽  
Hong Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

Oil spills and leakage accidents caused by oil exploitation, processing, transportation and use continue to pose environmental threat to global marine ecosystem. It has become an urgent task to prevent the ocean ecosystem from oil pollution and protect the marine resources. This paper introduces the negative effects of marine oil pollution and conventional treatment measures, briefly analyzes the great potential of rice hull adsorbent for purification of oil-polluted sea water and initially explored the adsorption effects of rice hull adsorbent. The experimental results indicated that after static adsorption at different dosage of rice hull adsorbent (0g, 4g, 8g, 12g, 16g, 20g), the oil removal efficiency got 65.3% when treated by rice hull adsorbent carbonized under the temperature of 350°C at dosage of 12g, which is prospective to help in treatment of marine oil residues in the future.

Study on the Adsorption Efficiency of Carbonized Rice Hull Adsorption Bag for the Removal of Oil from Sea Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hui Liu ◽  
Hong Xin Li ◽  
Bo Tian ◽  
Mei Yu Zhao ◽  
Yu Bo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Effects ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

With the increasing incidence of accidental oil spills, there is now a growing worldwide concern about the urgent need to purify oil-polluted sea water and conserve the marine ecosystem. Carbonized rice hull (CRH) prepared in the open air has been studied as adsorbent for purification of oil-polluted sea water. The adsorption effects of CRH and CRH absorption bag were both investigated. The results showed that under the dosage of 20 g/L and initial oil concentration of 746, 520 and 380 μg/L, the obtained oil removal efficiencies were 59.0%，78.8% and 67.1%, respectively. The adsorption bag counterpart indicated that under the initial oil concentration of 546 μg/L, an equilibrium state was reached for all the three kinds of package bags. The obtained adsorption amounts were 21.7, 25.5, 22.8 μg/g and the corresponding removal efficiencies were 59.7%, 70.0% and 62.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Simulation of Microbial Response to Accidental Diesel Spills in Basins Containing Brackish Sea Water and Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Nan Hui ◽  
Suvi Simpanen ◽  
Laura Tudeer ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Littoral Sediment

The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.

Volumetric Determination of Marine Oil Spills Using Coordinated Airborne and Surface Sampling Data

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
J. E. Estes ◽  
P. G. Mikolaj ◽  
R. R. Thaman ◽  
L. W. Senger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Marine Oil

ABSTRACT The detection, measurement, and monitoring of oil pollution in the marine environment are receiving increased attention owing to: I) the growing incidence of oil spills; 2) the associated need for improved cleanup procedures; and, 3) the need for more effective surveillance systems, capable of gathering legal evidence for the prosecution of violators. The Geography Remote Sensing Unit and the Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara for 2 1/2 years has been conducting experiments related to the application of remotely sensed data to these problem areas. As part of a United States Coast Guard test of a high seas oil containment device, a system for estimating the volume of oil loss resulting from oil pollution incidents was developed. This system involved the coordination of remote sensing data acquisition with simultaneous collection of surface sampling data. Results indicate that remotely sensed data, when effectively correlated with surface sampling data, can provide a base for volumetric estimations of a given oil slick. Refinements of these techniques can lead to more efficient, real-time day/night, operational monitoring of marine oil pollution incidents.

ASSESSING THE INCREASING RISK OF MARINE OIL POLLUTION SPILLS IN CHINA

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Woolgar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Chinese Waters ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACT As the Chinese economy continues to develop at a rapid pace, shipping has also increased significantly over recent years. This rise in traffic brings a greater threat of oil pollution from vessels. Assessing the risk of oil spills can be a complex process, yet by modelling and analysing the amount of oil transported around coastal areas during 2001 and 2005, using data obtained from Lloyds’ Marine Intelligence Unit (LMIU) and comparing it with the historical data from ITOPF'S tanker spills database, an improved representation of risk can be made. Using a GIS platform to graphically visualise this information and integrate further datasets regarding local sensitivities we can understand the risk more thoroughly and present the aggregated information more effectively. In response to the increased risk experienced in and around Chinese waters, ITOPF and other international organisations are working to build awareness of the risks and develop links with key parties through training courses and seminars. By working closely with the Chinese Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) and with the Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP), a regional UNEP initiative, the threat of future incidents can be minimised and handled in a rational manner. This paper looks at the risks associated with increased traffic and developments taking place to meet the threat of marine oil spills in Chinese waters.

scholarly journals The Potentiality of Operational Mapping of Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea near the Entrance of the Suez Canal Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Abou El-Magd ◽  
Mohamed Zakzouk ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Abdulaziz ◽  
Elham M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Port Said

The Suez Canal, being a main international maritime shipping route, experiences heavy ship traffic with probable illegal oil discharges. Oil pollution is harming the marine ecosystem and creates pressure on the coastal socio-economic activities particularly at Port Said city (the area of study). It is anticipated that the damage of oil spills is not only during the event but it extends for a long time and normally requires more effort to remediate and recover the environment. Hence, early detection and volume estimation of these spills is the first and most important step for a successful clean-up operation. This study is the first to use Sentinel-1 space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for oil spill detection and mapping over the north entrance of the Suez Canal aiming to enable operational monitoring. SAR sensors are able to capture images day and night and are not affected by weather conditions. In addition, they have a wide swath that covers large geographical areas for possible oil spills. The present study examines a large amount of data (800 scenes of sentinel 1) for the study area over a period of five years from 2014 till 2019 which resulted in the detection of more than 20 events of oil pollution. The detection model is based on the quantitative analysis of the dark spot of the radar backscatter of oil spills. The largest case covered nearly 26 km2 of seawater. The spill drift direction in the area of spills indicated potential hazard on fishing activities, Port Said beaches and ports. This study can be the base for continuously monitoring and alarming pollution cases in the Canal area which is important for environmental agencies, decision-makers, and beneficiaries for coastal and marine socio-economic sustainability.

The Impact of Terrestrial Oil Pollution on Parasitoid Wasps Associated With Vachellia (Fabales: Fabaceae) Trees in a Desert Ecosystem, Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362
Author(s):  
Daniella M Möller ◽  
Marco Ferrante ◽  
Gabriella M Möller ◽  
Tamir Rozenberg ◽  
Michal Segoli
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Oil is a major pollutant of the environment, and terrestrial oil spills frequently occur in desert areas. Although arthropods account for a large share of animal diversity, the effect of oil pollution on this group is rarely documented. We evaluated the effects of oil pollution on parasitoid wasps associated with Vachellia (formerly Acacia) tortilis (Forssk.) and Vachellia raddiana (Savi) trees in a hyper-arid desert that was affected by two major oil spills (in 1975 and 2014). We sampled the parasitoid populations between 2016 and 2018 in three sampling sites and compared their abundance, diversity, and community composition between oil-polluted and unpolluted trees. Parasitoid abundance in oil-polluted trees was lower in one of the sites affected by the recent oil spill, but not in the site affected by the 1975 oil spill. Oil-polluted trees supported lower parasitoid diversity than unpolluted trees in some sampling site/year combinations; however, such negative effects were inconsistent and pollution explained a small proportion of the variation in parasitoid community composition. Our results indicate that oil pollution may negatively affect parasitoid abundances and diversity, although the magnitude of the effect depends on the tree species, sampling site, and the time since the oil spill.

Marine Oil Spills—Oil Pollution, Sources and Effects

2019 ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiyu Zhang ◽  
Ethan J. Matchinski ◽  
Bing Chen ◽  
Xudong Ye ◽  
Liang Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Marine Oil Spills

scholarly journals Exploring the capabilities of TM and AVIRIS sensor images for oil spill detection in marine and ocean waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Qadir Ashournejad ◽  
Saham Mirzaei ◽  
Seyyed Javad Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Spectral Unmixing ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Multispectral Data ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem ◽  
End Members

Oil spills are major water polluting sources. Due to its devastating effects on the sea and ocean ecosystem, detecting oil pollution in the shortest time and with the highest confidence level is necessary. Remote sensing being a suitable option, the capability of Landsat multispectral data and airborne hyper-spectral data from the AVIRIS sensor was investigated for study of the 2001 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, a part of the 2001 oil spill data was processed in terms of cloud spots,bad pixel and atmospheric correction. The pixel purity index was used to extract the end -members of water and oil spill and the linear spectral unmixing method was used for mapping of water from oil spills. The results show that the AVIRIS image is able to detect the type and thicknesses of oil spill, due to its ability to cover the diagnostic spectral signature of oil.Keywords: Monitoring, oil spill, remote sensing, Landsat, AVIRIS.

scholarly journals Dark spot detection for characterization of marine surface slicks using UAVSAR quad-pol data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Chaudhary ◽  
Shashi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Spot Detection ◽  
Marine Surface

AbstractOil spills are a potential hazard, causing the deaths of millions of aquatic animals and this leaves a calamitous effect on the marine ecosystem. This research focuses on evaluating the potential of polarimetric parameters in discriminating the oil slick from water and also possible thicker/thinner zones within the slick. For this purpose, L-band UAVSAR quad-pol data of the Gulf of Mexico region is exploited. A total number of 19 polarimetric parameters are examined to study their behavior and ability in distinguishing oil slick from water and its own less or more oil accumulated zones. The simulation of compact-pol data from UAVSAR quad-pol data is carried out which has shown good performance in detection and discrimination of oil slick from water. To know the extent of separation between oil and water classes, a statistical separability analysis is carried out. The outcomes of each polarimetric parameter from separability analysis are then quantified with the radial basis function (RBF) supervised Support Vector Machine classifier followed with an accurate estimation of the results. Moreover, a comparison of the achieved and estimated accuracy has shown a significant drop in accuracy values. It has been observed that the highest accuracy is given by LHV compact-pol decomposition and coherency matrix with a classification accuracy of ~ 94.09% and ~ 94.60%, respectively. The proposed methodology has performed well in discriminating the oil slick by utilizing UAVSAR dataset for both quad-pol and compact-pol simulation.

scholarly journals Oil Pollution Affects the Central Metabolism of Keystone Vachellia (Acacia) Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6660
Author(s):  
Marco Ferrante ◽  
Anuma Dangol ◽  
Shoshana Didi-Cohen ◽  
Gidon Winters ◽  
Vered Tzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
One Year

Vachellia (formerly Acacia) trees are native to arid environments in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where they often support the local animal and plant communities acting as keystone species. The aim of this study was to examine whether oil pollution affected the central metabolism of the native keystone trees Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) and V. raddiana (Savi), as either adults or seedlings. The study was conducted in the Evrona Nature Reserve, a desert ecosystem in southern Israel where two major oil spills occurred in 1975 and in 2014. Leaf samples were collected to analyze the central metabolite profiles from oil-polluted and unpolluted adult trees and from Vachellia seedlings growing in oil-polluted and unpolluted soils in an outdoor setup. We found that oil pollution had a stronger effect on one-year-old seedlings than on adult trees, reducing the levels of amino acids, sugars, and organic acids. While adult trees are mildly affected by oil pollution, the effects on young seedlings can cause a long-term reduction in the population of these keystone desert trees, ultimately threatening this entire ecosystem.

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