scholarly journals Lack of Opsonic Antibody Responses to Invasive Infections With Streptococcus dysgalactiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bläckberg ◽  
Therese de Neergaard ◽  
Inga-Maria Frick ◽  
Pontus Nordenfelt ◽  
Rolf Lood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
M Proteins ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Antibody Function

IntroductionStreptococcus dysgalactiae can cause severe recurrent infections. This study aimed to investigate antibody responses following S. dysgalactiae bacteraemia and possible development of protective immunity.Materials and MethodsPatients with S. dysgalactiae bacteraemia in the county of Skåne between 2017 and 2018 were prospectively included. Acute and convalescent sera were obtained. All isolates were emm typed and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilised to analyse specific antibody responses to bacteria and antigens. Bactericidal- and phagocytosis assays were applied to further establish antibody function.ResultsSixteen patients with S. dysgalactiae bacteraemia were included of whom one had recurrent episodes of bacteraemia. Using ELISA with S. dysgalactiae isolates and mutants, development of IgG antibodies was demonstrated in few patients. Type-specific antibodies were demonstrated in one patient when recombinant M proteins as antigens, were applied. The type-specific serum mediated a small increase in phagocytosis but did not facilitate increased killing of the S. dysgalactiae isolate, carrying that M protein, in blood or by phagocytic cells.ConclusionS. dysgalactiae bacteraemia sometimes results in increased levels of antibodies to the infecting pathogen. We did not find evidence that these antibodies are effectively opsonising. Apparent failure to produce opsonising antibodies might partially explain why S. dysgalactiae can cause recurrent invasive infections in the same host.

scholarly journals Association between Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies and subfertility in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966), at the age of 31 years

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KARINEN ◽  
A. POUTA ◽  
A.-L. HARTIKAINEN ◽  
A. BLOIGU ◽  
M. PALDANIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Specific Serum

The objective of this study was to assess the serological association between previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection and subfertility in a general population sample. A nested case (n=493)-control (n=986) study in a population-based birth cohort consisting of 12058 live births from the year 1966 was conducted. The analysis was restricted to those 6007 cohort members who replied to a postal inquiry and participated in a health examination including blood samples at the age of 31 years. The presence of C. trachomatis-specific serum IgG antibodies was screened by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All the positive sera were further tested by the microimmunofluorescence method using immunotype pools and individual immunotypes of C. trachomatis as antigens. An association was found between the detection of immunotype-specific C. trachomatis antibodies and subfertility both in men and women. The results of the present study confirm the serological association between past C. trachomatis infections and subfertility in male or female partners of the couple in the population-based sample.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to MAP 1B and Other Cowdria ruminantium Antigens Are Down Regulated in Cattle Challenged with Tick-Transmitted Heartwater

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Semu ◽  
T. F. Peter ◽  
D. Mukwedeya ◽  
A. F. Barbet ◽  
F. Jongejan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cowdria Ruminantium ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Specific Igg

ABSTRACT Serological diagnosis of heartwater or Cowdria ruminantium infection has been hampered by severe cross-reactions with antibody responses to related ehrlichial agents. A MAP 1B indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that has an improved specificity and sensitivity for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies has been developed to overcome this constraint (A. H. M. van Vliet, B. A. M. Van der Zeijst, E. Camus, S. M. Mahan, D. Martinez, and F. Jongejan, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2405–2410, 1995). When sera were tested from cattle in areas of endemic heartwater infection in Zimbabwe, only 33% of the samples tested positive in this assay despite a high infection pressure (S. M. Mahan, S. M. Samu, T. F. Peter, and F. Jongejan, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 849:85–87, 1998). To determine underlying causes for this observation, the kinetics of MAP 1B-specific IgG antibodies in cattle after tick-transmitted C. ruminantium infection and following recovery were investigated. Sera collected weekly over a period of 52 weeks from 37 cattle, which were naturally or experimentally infected with C. ruminantium via Amblyomma hebraeum ticks, were analyzed. MAP 1B-specific IgG antibody responses developed with similar kinetics in both field- and laboratory-infected cattle. IgG levels peaked at 4 to 9 weeks after tick infestation and declined to baseline levels between 14 and 33 weeks, despite repeated exposure to infected ticks and the establishment of a carrier state as demonstrated by PCR and xenodiagnosis. Some of the serum samples from laboratory, and field-infected cattle were also analyzed by immunoblotting and an indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) to determine whether this observed seroreversion was specific to the MAP 1B antigen. Reciprocal IFAT and immunoblot MAP 1-specific antibody titres peaked at 5 to 9 weeks after tick infestation but also declined between 30 and 45 weeks. This suggests that MAP 1B-specific IgG antibody responses and antibody responses to other C. ruminantium antigens are down regulated in cattle despite repeated exposure to C. ruminantium via ticks. Significantly, serological responses to the MAP 1B antigen may not be a reliable indicator of C. ruminantium exposure in cattle in areas of endemic heartwater infection.

scholarly journals Orally Administered Giardia duodenalis Extracts Enhance an Antigen-Specific Antibody Response

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6503-6510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Dunn ◽  
Jacqueline A. Upcroft ◽  
Elizabeth V. Fowler ◽  
Ben S. Matthews ◽  
Peter Upcroft
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Serum Response

ABSTRACT We have identified novel adjuvant activity in specific cytosol fractions from trophozoites of Giardia isolate BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 (J. A. Upcroft, P. A. McDonnell, and P. Upcroft, Parasitol. Today, 14:281–284, 1998). Adjuvant activity was demonstrated in the systemic and mucosal compartments when Giardia extract was coadministered orally with antigen to mice. Enhanced antigen-specific serum antibody responses were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be comparable to those generated by the “gold standard,” mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin. A source of adjuvant activity was localized to the cytosolic component of the parasite. Fractionation of the cytosol produced fraction pools, some of which, when coadministered with antigen, stimulated an enhanced antigen-specific serum response. The toxic component of conventional mucosal adjuvants is associated with adjuvant activity; therefore, in a similar way, the toxin-like attributes of BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 may be responsible for its adjuvanticity. Complete characterization of the adjuvant is under way.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antibody Responses to Protective Antigen-Based Anthrax Vaccines through Use of Competitive Assays

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1390-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Brady ◽  
Anita Verma ◽  
Bruce D. Meade ◽  
Drusilla L. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Secondary Population ◽  
Partially Unfolded ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines

ABSTRACT The licensed anthrax vaccine and many of the new anthrax vaccines being developed are based on protective antigen (PA), a nontoxic component of anthrax toxin. For this reason, an understanding of the immune response to PA vaccination is important. In this study, we examined the antibody response elicited by PA-based vaccines and identified the domains of PA that contribute to that response in humans as well as nonhuman primates (NHPs) and rabbits, animal species that will be used to generate efficacy data to support approval of new anthrax vaccines. To this end, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using purified recombinant forms of intact PA and its individual domains. We found that PA-based vaccines elicited IgG antibodies to each of the four PA domains in all three species. We also developed a competitive toxin neutralization assay, which showed that rabbits, NHPs, and humans all have functional antibody populations that bind to domains 1, 3, and 4. While the domain specificities of the antibody responses elicited by PA-based vaccines were similar in humans, NHPs, and rabbits, competitive assays suggested that humans may have a more significant secondary population of IgG antibodies that bind to partially unfolded or incorrectly folded PA. These findings provide information that will be useful when linking animal protection data to humans via an antibody bridge to establish efficacy of new anthrax vaccines.

scholarly journals The detection of specific antibody formation to recall antigens after human bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Lum ◽  
NA Munn ◽  
MS Schanfield ◽  
R Storb
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Abstract The results of this study show that donor-derived immunity can be detected and persists in long-term survivors with and without chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) after human marrow grafting. Seventy-one marrow recipients (60 long-term and 11 short-term survivors) were studied for the presence of specific serum IgG antibodies to tetanus toxoid (TT), and 46 marrow recipients (35 long-term and 11 short-term) were tested for antibodies to diphtheria toxoid (DT) and measles virus after marrow grafting using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 60 long-term survivors, 31 were healthy and 29 had chronic GVHD. None of the recipients were immunized to the test antigens postgrafting. Most long-term healthy recipients exhibited antibody titers to the recall test antigens, whereas only a minority of those with chronic GVHD had antibody titers to recall antigens. In healthy long-term recipients (greater than or equal to one year postgrafting) whose donors were immune to the test antigens, 25 of 31 had titers to TT, 11 of 17 had titers to DT, and 12 of 20 had titers to measles. In recipients with C-GVHD, 13 of 29 had titers to TT, six of 15 had titers to DT, and six of 15 had titers to measles virus. Within 100 days postgrafting, 11 of 11 had anti-TT titers, ten of ten had anti-DT titers, and seven of eight had antimeasles virus titers.

scholarly journals Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses to Bordetella pertussis Lipooligosaccharide and B.parapertussis Lipopolysaccharide in Children with Pertussis and Parapertussis

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Trollfors ◽  
Teresa Lagergård ◽  
John Taranger ◽  
Elisabet Bergfors ◽  
Rachel Schneerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Bordetella pertussis and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Bordetella parapertussiswere measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in paired sera from 40 children with pertussis and 14 with parapertussis. Wide differences in the individual responses were noted. Both anti-LOS and -LPS IgG levels increased significantly in the children with pertussis, as did anti-LPS but not anti-LOS in those with parapertussis.

scholarly journals Detection of Genotype-Specific Antibody Responses to Glycoproteins B and H in Primary and Non-Primary Human Cytomegalovirus Infections by Peptide-Based ELISA

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Federica Zavaglio ◽  
Loretta Fiorina ◽  
Nicolás M. Suárez ◽  
Chiara Fornara ◽  
Marica De Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Background Strain ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infections ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Background: Strain-specific antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoproteins B and H (gB and gH) have been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool for identifying reinfection. We investigated genotype-specific IgG antibody responses in parallel with defining the gB and gH genotypes of the infecting viral strains. Methods: Subjects with primary (n = 20) or non-primary (n = 25) HCMV infection were studied. The seven gB (gB1-7) and two gH (gH1-2) genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and whole viral genome sequencing, and genotype-specific IgG antibodies were measured by a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Among subjects with primary infection, 73% (n = 8) infected by gB1-HCMV and 63% (n = 5) infected by gB2/3-HCMV had genotype-specific IgG antibodies to gB (gB2 and gB3 are similar in the region tested). Peptides from the rarer gB4-gB7 genotypes had nonspecific antibody responses. All subjects infected by gH1-HCMV and 86% (n = 6) infected by gH2-HCMV developed genotype-specific responses. Among women with non-primary infection, gB and gH genotype-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 40% (n = 10) and 80% (n = 20) of subjects, respectively. Conclusions: Peptide-based ELISA is capable of detecting primary genotype-specific IgG responses to HCMV gB and gH, and could be adopted for identifying reinfections. However, about half of the subjects did not have genotype-specific IgG antibodies to gB.

scholarly journals Influence of Exogenous Reproductive Hormones on Specific Antibody Production in Genital Secretions after Vaginal Vaccination with Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Wassen ◽  
Marianne Jertborn
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Predictive Values

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of exogenous reproductive hormones on the local and systemic production of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies after vaginal vaccination with recombinant cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Three groups of women using either progesterone-containing intrauterine devices (n = 9), oral contraceptives (n = 8), or no hormonal contraceptive methods (n = 9) were vaginally immunized twice, 2 weeks apart. Cervical secretions, vaginal fluids, and serum were collected before and after vaccination. Total and CTB-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in genital secretions and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A majority of the women presented strong CTB-specific IgA and IgG antibody responses in cervicovaginal secretions after vaccination, whereas the antitoxin responses in serum were weaker. Exogenously administered steroid hormones did not seem to have any impact on the production of specific antibodies. Both the frequencies and the magnitudes of IgA and IgG antitoxin responses in genital secretions were comparable among the three immunization groups. An association, in particular for IgA, was found between the magnitudes of the CTB-specific antibody responses in cervical secretions and vaginal fluids after vaccination. The sensitivities and positive predictive values of vaginal antibody analyses to reflect responses in cervical secretions were also high, suggesting that vaginal fluids alone might be used for evaluation of genital immune responses in large-scale vaccination studies in the future.

scholarly journals Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in recovered severe COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Olea ◽  
Eliseo Albert ◽  
Ignacio Torres ◽  
Paula Amat ◽  
María José Remigia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
M Proteins ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is an imperative need to determine the durability of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. We enumerated SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells targeting S1 and M proteins and measured RBD-specific serum IgG over a period of 2-6 months after symptoms onset in a cohort of subjects who had recovered from severe clinical forms of COVID-19.MethodsWe recruited 58 patients (38 males and 20 females; median age, 62.5 years), who had been hospitalized with bilateral pneumonia, 60% with one or more comorbidities. IgG antibodies binding to SARS-CoV-2 RBD were measured by ELISA. SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD69+-expressing-IFNγ-producing-CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were enumerated in heparinized whole blood by flow cytometry for ICS.ResultsDetectable SARS-CoV-2-S1/M-reactive CD69+-IFN-γ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were displayed in 17 (29.3%) and 6 (10.3%) subjects respectively, at a median of 84 days after onset of symptoms (range, 58-191 days). Concurrent comorbidities increased the risk (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.03-9.61; P=0.04) of undetectable T-cell responses in models adjusted for age, sex and hospitalization ward. Twenty-one out of the 35 patients (60%) had detectable RBD-specific serum IgGs at a median of 118 days (range, 60 to 145 days) after symptoms onset. SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG serum levels were found to drop significantly over time.ConclusionA relatively limited number of subjects who developed severe forms of COVID-19 had detectable SARS-CoV-2-S1/M IFNγ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at midterm after clinical diagnosis. Our data also indicated that serum levels of RBD-specific IgGs decline over time, becoming undetectable in some patients.

The detection of specific antibody formation to recall antigens after human bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Lum ◽  
NA Munn ◽  
MS Schanfield ◽  
R Storb
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Term Survivors

The results of this study show that donor-derived immunity can be detected and persists in long-term survivors with and without chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) after human marrow grafting. Seventy-one marrow recipients (60 long-term and 11 short-term survivors) were studied for the presence of specific serum IgG antibodies to tetanus toxoid (TT), and 46 marrow recipients (35 long-term and 11 short-term) were tested for antibodies to diphtheria toxoid (DT) and measles virus after marrow grafting using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 60 long-term survivors, 31 were healthy and 29 had chronic GVHD. None of the recipients were immunized to the test antigens postgrafting. Most long-term healthy recipients exhibited antibody titers to the recall test antigens, whereas only a minority of those with chronic GVHD had antibody titers to recall antigens. In healthy long-term recipients (greater than or equal to one year postgrafting) whose donors were immune to the test antigens, 25 of 31 had titers to TT, 11 of 17 had titers to DT, and 12 of 20 had titers to measles. In recipients with C-GVHD, 13 of 29 had titers to TT, six of 15 had titers to DT, and six of 15 had titers to measles virus. Within 100 days postgrafting, 11 of 11 had anti-TT titers, ten of ten had anti-DT titers, and seven of eight had antimeasles virus titers.

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