scholarly journals Distribution of Soil Extracellular Enzymatic, Microbial, and Biological Functions in the C and N-Cycle Pathways Along a Forest Altitudinal Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bayranvand ◽  
Moslem Akbarinia ◽  
Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani ◽  
Javad Gharechahi ◽  
Petr Baldrian
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
C And N

The diverse chemical, biological, and microbial properties of litter and organic matter (OM) in forest soil along an altitudinal gradient are potentially important for nutrient cycling. In the present study, we sought to evaluate soil chemical, biological, microbial, and enzymatic characteristics at four altitude levels (0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 m) in northern Iran to characterize nutrient cycling in forest soils. The results showed that carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover changed with altitude along with microbial properties and enzyme activity. At the lowest altitude with mixed forest and no beech trees, the higher content of N in litter and soil, higher pH and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and the greater activities of aminopeptidases affected soil N cycling. At elevations above 1,000 m, where beech is the dominant tree species, the higher activities of cellobiohydrolase, arylsulfatase, β-xylosidase, β-galactosidase, endoglucanase, endoxylanase, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) coincided with higher basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and thus favored conditions for microbial entropy and C turnover. The low N content and high C/N ratio at 500-m altitude were associated with the lowest microbial and enzyme activities. Our results support the view that the plain forest with mixed trees (without beech) had higher litter quality and soil fertility, while forest dominated by beech trees had the potential to store higher C and can potentially better mitigate global warming.

scholarly journals The changes in microbial biomass C and N in long-term field experiments

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
C And N

Microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon were studied in long-term field experiments with continuous cultivation of silage maize and with crop rotation. A positive effect of organic fertilizers on the microbial biomass nitrogen and the carbon content in soil was observed. Statistically significant effect of organic fertilizers on the higher content of microbial biomass C and N was established in the first year after their application. During the application the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen decreased, but there were higher biomass C and N contents compared to control, even without statistical significance. A negative effect on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in soil came from the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in experiments with maize. Statistically significant effect of mineral N fertilizers was observed after their application. In the course of the N fertilizers application the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was lower than control. No statistically significant effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on the microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon content were observed in field experiments with crop rotation over the eight years of experiment duration. The higher effect of mineral and organic fertilizers application on the changes in microbial biomass C and N was reported in experiments with continuous cultivation of maize compared to experiments with crop rotation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil microbiological attributes under integrated production systems, continuous pasture, and native cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Roberson Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Thais Rodrigues Coser ◽  
Antônio Marcos Miranda Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Transition Area

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of soil microbiological attributes under integrated production systems, continuous pasture, and native cerrado. The study was conducted in a transition area from crop to livestock. Four areas with different land uses were evaluated: an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system (ICLFS), cultivated with Eucalyptus urograndis alley cropping, spaced 2x2 m between plants and 22 m between alleys; an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS); besides two adjacent areas of native cerrado and continuous pasture, used as a reference. For the assessment of microbiological attributes, soil samples were taken in the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m layers, in February 2012 and February 2014 (rainy season), and in July 2012 and September 2013 (dry season). In general, soil under native cerrado had the highest microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels, while under the ICLFS it had the lowest ones. The ICLS increased MBC and microbial coefficient in the deeper soil layers, after two years of establishment. Basal respiration, microbial biomass nitrogen, and MBC are the soil microbiological attributes better able to differentiate the evaluated systems.

scholarly journals Vegetation influence on soil quality in a highly degraded tropical soil.

1969 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Ancizar Lugo-Ospina ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
C And N

The influence of various plant species, two leguminous trees (Andira inermes and Albizia procera), two leguminous covercrops (Arachis glabrata and Centrosema acutifolium), and two grasses (Brachiaria humidicola and Hemarthria altissima), on the soil microbial biomass and abiotic parameters, was evaluated in a highly eroded tropical soil of the Corozal series (clayey, mixed isohyperthermic Aquic Haplohumults). Soil samples were taken monthly at two depths (0- to 5- and 5- to 15-cm) from September 1999 to July 2000. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), potentially mineralizable N, extractable N, soil organic matter (SOM), and total organic nitrogen (TON) were significantly greater under grasses. Microbial pools and activities were generally higher at the 0- to 5-cm depth. Soil respiration was significantly affected by plant species and date of sampling; in general, soils under grasses had the highest values. The mean proportions of microbial biomass comprising total organic C and N were 2.8 and 1.4%, respectively, in vegetated soils; higher values for C were observed in bare soil. There was a decrease in the mineralizable C proportion of MBC (respiratory quotient) with increasing MBC values. The lowest respiratory quotients were observed for soils under grasses. In this study, soil ecosystem health appears to benefit from vegetation, with soils under grasses exhibiting improved stability due to higher SOM, TON, biologically active C and N pools and lower relative C losses.

scholarly journals HYDRO-MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SOIL IN EDGE OF SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Karolayne Lemes D'Abadia ◽  
Ane Gabriele Vaz Souza ◽  
Gabriela Gomes da Silva Gomes da Silva ◽  
Murilo Silva Machado ◽  
Vagner Santiago do Vale Santiago do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Seasonal Semideciduous Forest

Native forests have been suffering changes, such as fragmentation and edge effect, and these have implications for the dynamics of carbon within the same fragment, differentiating vegetation and soil. In this way, the work aimed to evaluate the hydro-microbiological attributes of the soil in rainy and dry periods, as well as to indicate if there is an edge effect in a seasonal semideciduous forest fragment. The study was carried out in a forest fragment in the area of the State University of Goiás, Ipameri Campus, consisting of three transects divided into three blocks from the edge. Sampling was performed in two periods of the year, rainy and dry, to determine the gravimetric soil water content (UG), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), and the metabolic quotient (qCO2). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test), and when significant, the means were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% probability. Response variations of microorganisms are closely related to the periods studied; the rainy season benefits the carbon incorporation activity, and the dry season stimulates the carbon release. Consequently, metabolic efficiency is more pronounced in the rainy season. The edge of the fragment only influenced the MBC, evidencing that disturbances caused at the extremity of fragment interfere with the C input in the microbial biomass.

scholarly journals Aliphatic compounds, organic C and N and microbial biomass and its activity in long-term field experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Aliphatic Compound ◽  
Hydrophobicity Index ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
C And N ◽  
Term Field

The content of aliphatic compounds, hydrophobicity index, organic C and N content and the microbial biomass and respiration activity were analysed in soil samples originating from different plots of a long-term field experiment (variants: nil, NPK – mineral fertilization: 64.6–100 kg/ha/year, FYM – farmyard manure and FYM + NPK) from three blocks (III, IV and B) with different crop rotation. Samples were taken from 0–200 mm layer in 2002 and 2003 (spring and autumn). The plots without any fertilization had the significantly lowest aliphatic compound content compared to variants fertilized by FYM or FYM + NPK in all the evaluated blocks in both years. The variants fertilized only by mineral NPK without any organic fertilization had the slightly increased aliphatic compound content but they did not exceed significantly the control variants in most cases. The aliphatic compound contents correlated significantly with the organic C contents in 2002 and 2003, as well. The values of the hydrophobicity index showed a similar trend like the data mentioned above. Organic manure increased the soil organic nitrogen content, similarly to the carbon content. In variants fertilized by FYM and FYM + NPK the higher microbial biomass content was found comparing to unfertilized variants. Correlations between aliphatic compound content and biomass differed in spring (2002: r = 0.065, 2003: r = 0.068) and autumn (2002: r = 0.407, 2003: r = 0.529). Organically fertilized variants had increased basal respiration, in autumn 2002 the basal respiration was higher in variants fertilized by mineral NPK, too. The highest specific respiration was recorded in the unfertilised plot in block B (autumn 2002 and 2003), where low microbial biomass exhibited high activity. Increased specific respiration was found also in plots fertilized by FYM and FYM + NPK (block III and IV, autumn samplings). Positive significant correlations between microbial biomass content and basal respiration were found in 2002 (spring: r = 0.716) and 2003 (spring: r = 0.765, autumn: r = 0.671).

Seasonal trends in selected soil biochemical attributes: Effects of crop rotation in the semiarid prairie

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Measurements of seasonal changes in soil biochemical attributes can provide valuable information on how crop management and weather variables influence soil quality. We sampled soil from the 0- to 7.5-cm depth of two long-term crop rotations [continuous wheat (Cont W) and both phases of fallow-wheat (F–W)] at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from early May to mid-October, 11 times in 1995 and 9 times in 1996. The soil is a silt loam, Orthic Brown Chernozem with pH 6.0, in dilute CaCl2. We monitored changes in organic C (OC) and total N (TN), microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction C and N (LFC and LFN), mineralizable C (Cmin) and N (Nmin), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). All biochemical attributes, except MBC, showed higher values for Cont W than for F–W, reflecting the historically higher crop residue inputs, less frequent tillage, and drier conditions of Cont W. Based on the seasonal mean values for 1996, we concluded that, after 29 yr, F–W has degraded soil organic C and total N by about 15% compared to Cont W. In the same period it has degraded the labile attributes, except MBC, much more. For example, WSOC is degraded by 22%, Cmin and Nmin by 45% and LFC and LFN by 60–75%. Organic C and TN were constant during the season because one year's C and N inputs are small compared to the total soil C or N. All the labile attributes varied markedly throughout the seasons. We explained most of the seasonal variability in soil biochemical attributes in terms of C and N inputs from crop residues and rhizodeposition, and the influences of soil moisture, precipitation and temperature. Using multiple regression, we related the biochemical attributes to soil moisture and the weather variables, accounting for 20% of the variability in MBC, 27% of that of Nmin, 29% for LFC, 52% for Cmin, and 66% for WSOC. In all cases the biochemical attributes were negatively related to precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and their interactions. We interpreted this to mean that conditions favouring decomposition of organic matter in situ result in decreases in these attributes when they are measured subsequently under laboratory conditions. We concluded that when assessing changes in OC or TN over years, measurements can be made at any time during a year. However, if assessing changes in the labile soil attributes, several measurements should be made during a season or, measurements be made near the same time each year. Key words: Microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, mineralization, water-soluble-C, light fraction, weather variables

scholarly journals Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Gajda ◽  
Ewa Antonina Czyż ◽  
Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Microbial Properties

The physicochemical and microbial properties of soil under long-term monoculture of winter wheat were studied to assess the effects of two tillage systems of different intensities: reduced (RT) and conventional (CT). The research was carried out on an 18-year-old experimental field at Grabów (eastern Poland) between 2018 and 2020. The RT (ploughless) and the CT (mouldboard ploughing) systems with machine operating depths of up to 10 and 25 cm, respectively, were used. The analysed parameters were as follows: soil texture, pH, readily dispersible clay content (RDC), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon from particulate organic matter (POM-C), hot- and cold-water-extractable organic carbon (HWEC, CWEC) and nitrogen (HWEN, CWEN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), nitrification potential (NP), dehydrogenases (DEH), and acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases activities. Several single soil quality indices, including: metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (MicQ) quotients, enzymatic pH level indicator (EpHI), stratification ratio (SR), and metabolic potential index (MP) were calculated. The use of RT resulted in increased SOM and, therefore, in decreased RDC and increased values of soil stability, POM-C, HWEC, CWEC, HWEN, CWEN, MBC, and MBN in relation to CT. The MicQ, EpHI, SR, and MP well reflected the effects of RT and CT systems on soil and appeared to be useful in soil quality assessment. The results showed the beneficial effects on soil of the less intensive RT system in comparison with CT. Statistical analysis showed the significance of differences between tillage systems and interrelationships between the studied soil quality parameters.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF WATER AVAILABILITY ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN SECONDARY FOREST IN EASTERN AMAZONIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Gabrig Turbay Rangel-Vasconcelos ◽  
Daniel Jacob Zarin ◽  
Francisco de Assis Oliveira ◽  
Steel Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Cláudio José Reis de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial

Soil microbial biomass (SMB) plays an important role in nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, and is limited by several factors, such as soil water availability. This study assessed the effects of soil water availability on microbial biomass and its variation over time in the Latossolo Amarelo concrecionário of a secondary forest in eastern Amazonia. The fumigation-extraction method was used to estimate the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content (SMBC and SMBN). An adaptation of the fumigation-incubation method was used to determine basal respiration (CO2-SMB). The metabolic quotient (qCO2) and ratio of microbial carbon:organic carbon (CMIC:CORG) were calculated based on those results. Soil moisture was generally significantly lower during the dry season and in the control plots. Irrigation raised soil moisture to levels close to those observed during the rainy season, but had no significant effect on SMB. The variables did not vary on a seasonal basis, except for the microbial C/N ratio that suggested the occurrence of seasonal shifts in the structure of the microbial community.

Microbial Activity in Soils of Vegetation-Growing Concrete Slopes

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Cheng Hu Zhang ◽  
Ting Ting Song ◽  
Ju Liu ◽  
Hui Juan Xia ◽  
Jian Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Microbial Quotient

Natural restoration slope and vegetation-growing concrete slope were selected as plots. Soil water content (SWC), pH, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen content (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were analyzed. The main results show that: Soil organic matter, TN and MBC of 0-10 cm soil in the natural restoration slope are significantly lower than that in the vegetation-growing concrete slopes at 0.05 level. Both MBC and MBN show a highly significant positive correlation with soil organic matter and TN. Microbial quotient shows a highly significant negative correlation with TOC and MBN, and shows a significant negative correlation with MBC. The qCO2 shows a highly significant negative correlation with pH, and a significant negative correlation with MBC. The vegetation-growing concrete technology can improve the soil ecosystem in the impaired slope.

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