scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing-Escherichia coli Isolated From Irrigation Waters and Produce in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Montero ◽  
Jorge Irazabal ◽  
Paul Cardenas ◽  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Contaminated Streams

In cities across the globe, the majority of wastewater – that includes drug resistant and pathogenic bacteria among other contaminants – is released into streams untreated. This water is often subsequently used for irrigation of pastures and produce. This use of wastewater-contaminated streams allows antibiotic-resistant bacteria to potentially cycle back to humans through agricultural products. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from produce and irrigation water across 17 provinces of Ecuador. A total of 117 vegetable samples, 119 fruit samples, and 38 irrigation water samples were analyzed. Results showed that 11% of the samples were positive for E. coli including 11 irrigation water samples (29%), and samples of 13 vegetables (11%), and 11 fruits (9%). Among the 165 E. coli isolates cultured, 96 (58%) had the ESBL phenotype, and 58% of ESBL producing E. coli came from irrigation water samples, 11% from vegetables, and 30% from fruits. The blaCTX–M–55, blaCTX–M 65, and blaCTX–M 15 genes were the most frequently found gene associated with the ESBL phenotype and coincided with the blaCTX–M alleles associated with human infections in Ecuador. Three isolates had the mcr-1 gene which is responsible for colistin resistance. This report provides evidence of the potential role of irrigation water in the growing antimicrobial resistance crisis in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Meningitis and Cerebral Abscess in a Neonate: Therapeutic Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Surasak Puvabanditsin ◽  
Marianne Jacob ◽  
Maaz Jalil ◽  
Samhita Bhattarai ◽  
Qaiser Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Term Neonate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Therapeutic Challenge ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

We report a case of a 12-day-old term neonate with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) meningitis and cerebral abscess. The patient received a 7-day course of antibiotics just few days prior to the infection. The incidence of infections from ESBL-producing E. coli is increasingly emerging. Antimicrobial agents must be vigilantly utilized to prevent the new highly resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampicillin Class C beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from food animals: A review

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ◽  
Peter Anjili Mshelia ◽  
Iliya Dauda Kwoji ◽  
Mohammed Dauda Goni ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Jajere
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class C

Antimicrobial resistance has gained global notoriety due to its public health concern, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of new antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/ampicillin Class C (AmpC)- producing Escherichia coli and other zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans from animals either through the food chain, direct contact or contamination of shared environments. There is a surge in the rate of resistance to medically important antibiotics such as carbapenem, ESBL, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones among bacteria of zoonotic importance. Factors that may facilitate the occurrence, persistence and dissemination of ESBL/AmpC-Producing E. coli in humans and animal includes; 1). o ral administration of antimicrobials to humans primarily (by physician and health care providers) and secondarily to animals, 2). importation of parent stock and day-old chickens, 3). farm management practice and lack of water acidification in poultry, 4). contamination of feed, water and environment, 5). contamination of plants with feces of animals. Understanding these key factors will help reduce the level of resistance, thereby boosting the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of animal and human infections. This review highlights the occurrence, risk factors, and public health importance of ESBL/AmpC-beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from livestock.

scholarly journals Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3604-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Solà-Ginés ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Karla Cameron-Veas ◽  
Nuria Piedra-Carrasco ◽  
Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTFlies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence ofEscherichia colistrains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producingE. coli. Of these isolates, 23 containedblaCTX-M-1, 18 containedblaCTX-M-14, and 1 containedblaCTX-M-9. ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harboredqnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found forE. coliisolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenicE. coli(APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistantE. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Hospital Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Alipourfard ◽  
Nilufar Yeasmin Nili
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Extended spectrum beta-lactmase (ESBL) producing organisms create a major problem for clinical therapeutics. The frequency of ESBL producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing over the past few years resulting in limitation of the therapeutic options. These resistant bacteria are emerging world wide as a threat to human health in both the community and hospital settings. -lactamase production by several organisms is the most important mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. This study was done to determine the susceptibility of different antimicrobials to ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound swabs, blood, urine, fluid, tracheal aspirates and sputum in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Tehran from July, 2007 to June, 2008. A total of 115 ESBLproducing isolates were obtained from outdoor and indoor patients. Out of 115 isolates, 60% were E. coli and 40% were K. pneumoniae. All ESBL-producing isolates were confirmed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-approved double-disk diffusion method. 29.6% of these isolates were collected from medical wards and 24.3% were collected from outdoor. Urine (70.4%) was the main source of ESBL-producing isolates from all patients, followed by blood (16.5%). All isolates were susceptible to both imipenem and meropenem. Of all isolates, 93.9% were susceptible to amikacin. The cephalosporins (1-4 generations) were almost 100% resistant. For Nitrofurantoin, 57.4% were sensitive. High rate resistance (74.8%) was observed to all quinolones tested. Aztreonam, Ampicillin, Co-amoxyclav and Ampicillin/Sulbactam were 100% resistant. This study shows that the frequency of ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae is high in both hospital and community levels and it has a significant implication for patients’ management. Advance drug resistance surveillance and molecular characteristics of ESBL isolates is necessary to guide the appropriate and judicious antibiotic use. Key words: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Drug sensitivity, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pneumoniae DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8467 BJMM 2011; 4(1): 32-36  

scholarly journals The prevalence of extended spectrum bêta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated in wastewater in relation to patients hospitalized in the city of Meknes in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Khadija Ouarrak ◽  
Abdelkader Chahlaoui ◽  
Hajar El Omari ◽  
Imane Taha ◽  
Rachid Sammoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The City

The present study was conducted to better understand the specific contingency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from urban waters of Wadi Ouislane of the city of Meknes, compared to isolates from patients hospitalized in the resuscitation department at Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes, Morocco. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become ubiquitous in effluents, creating increasing concern about their potential impact on human and animal health and the environment. We took four samples of wastewater representative of a day, effluents of the wadi Ouislane. They were analyzed for indicator germs of fecal pollution, namely total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Bacteria were enumerated by the dilution-filtration technique and by incorporation in solid medium in supercooling. However, four bacteriological samples, taken for clinical purposes from hospitalized patients, were performed at the medical analysis laboratory of Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes. Analysis of our results showed that ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria isolated from our effluents had the same antibiotic resistance profiles as those from hospitalized patients. Urban wastewater discharges into the environment contribute to the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli that may pose health risks to the population.

Contamination of Tomatoes with Coliforms and Escherichia coli on Farms and in Markets of Northwest Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH C. SHENGE ◽  
CLEMENT M. Z. WHONG ◽  
LYDIA L. YAKUBU ◽  
RAPHAEL A. OMOLEHIN ◽  
J. MARK ERBAUGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples

Although recent reports indicated that produce contamination with foodborne pathogens is widespread in Nigeria, the sources and magnitude of microbial contamination of fruits and vegetables on farms and in markets have not been thoroughly identified. To ascertain possible pathways of contamination, the frequency and magnitude of coliform and Escherichia coli contamination of tomatoes produced in northwest Nigeria was assessed on farms and in markets. Eight hundred twenty-six tomato fruit samples and 36 irrigation water samples were collected and assessed for fecal indicator organisms. In addition, the awareness and use of food safety practices by tomato farmers and marketers were determined. Median concentration of coliforms on all field- and market-sourced tomato fruit samples, as well as in irrigation water sources, in Kaduna, Kano, and Katsina states exceeded 1,000 most probable number (MPN) per g. Median E. coli counts from 73 (17%) of 420 field samples and 231 (57%) of 406 market tomato fruit samples exceeded 100 MPN/g. Median E. coli concentrations on tomato fruits were higher (P < 0.01) in the rainy season (2.45 Log MPN/g), when irrigation was not practiced than in the dry (1.10 Log MPN/g) and early dry (0.92 Log MPN/g) seasons. Eighteen (50%) of 36 irrigation water samples had E. coli counts higher than 126 MPN/100 ml. Median E. coli contamination on market tomato fruit samples (2.66 Log MPN/g) were higher (P < 0.001) than those from tomatoes collected on farms (0.92 Log MPN/g). Farmers and marketers were generally unaware of the relationship between food safety practices and microbial contamination on fresh produce. Good agricultural practices pertaining to food safety on farms and in local markets were seldom used. Adoption of food safety practices on-farm, during transport, and during marketing could improve the microbial quality of tomatoes available to the public in this region of the world.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Other Escherichia coli Isolated from Food of Animal Origin and Human Intestinal Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANJA KRIZMAN ◽  
JERNEJA AMBROZIC AVGUSTIN ◽  
IRENA ZDOVC ◽  
MAJDA GOLOB ◽  
MARIJA TRKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

ABSTRACT Antibiotics have always appeared miraculous, saving innumerable lives. However, the unwise use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (n =160) isolated from food of animal origin. The focus was on E. coli–producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. E. coli was chosen because it is a part of the normal microbiota in mammals and can enter the food chain during slaughtering and food manipulation. Subsequently, its resistance genes can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria and human microbiota. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of selected antimicrobial resistances were carried out together with a molecular analysis of virulence genes. E. coli isolates from food of animal origin were compared with clinical E. coli strains isolated from the human intestinal tract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli isolates were found in 9.4% of food isolates and in 1.8% of intestinal isolates. Phylogenetically, the majority of food (86.3%) and intestinal E. coli (58.1%) isolates were found to belong to the commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1. The distribution of 4 of 14 analyzed virulence factors was similar in the food and intestinal isolates. Strains isolated from food in Slovenia harbored resistance genes and virulence factors, which can constitute a problem for food safety if not handled properly.

scholarly journals Plasmids conferring resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases including a rare IncN+IncR multireplicon carrying blaCTX-M-1 in Escherichia coli recovered from migrating barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Paula Kurittu ◽  
Banafsheh Khakipoor ◽  
Michael S.M. Brouwer ◽  
Annamari Heikinheimo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Barnacle Geese ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and wild migratory birds may act as mediators of resistant bacteria across country borders. Our objective was to study extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli in barnacle geese using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and to identify plasmids harboring bla genes. Methods: Barnacle geese feces (n=200) were collected during fall 2017 and spring 2018 from an urban area in Helsinki, Finland. ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were recovered from nine samples (4.5%) and isolates were subjected to WGS on both short- and long-read sequencers, enabling hybrid assembly and determination of the genomic location of bla genes. Results: A rare multireplicon IncN+IncR was recovered from one isolate carrying blaCTX-M-1 in addition to aadA2b, lnu(F), and qnrS1. Moreover, rarely detected IncY plasmids in two isolates were found to harbor multiple resistance genes in addition to the human-associated blaCTX-M-15. Poultry-associated blaCMY-2 was identified from the widely distributed IncI1 and IncK plasmids from four different isolates. One isolate harbored an IncI1 plasmid with blaCTX-M-1 and flor. A chromosomal point mutation in the AmpC promoter was identified in one of the isolates. WGS analysis showed isolates carried multiple resistance and virulence genes and harbored multiple different plasmid replicons in addition to bla-carrying plasmids. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that wild migratory birds serve as a limited source of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and may act as disseminators of the epidemic plasmid types IncI1 and IncK but also rarely detected plasmid types carrying multidrug resistance. Human and livestock-associated ESBL enzyme types were recovered from samples, suggesting a potential for interspecies transmission. WGS offers a thorough method for studying AMR from different sources and should be implemented more widely in the future for AMR surveillance and detection. Understanding plasmid epidemiology is vital for efforts to mitigate global AMR spread.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ready-to-Eat Street Foods

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Shobha Giri ◽  
Vaishnavi Kudva ◽  
Kalidas Shetty ◽  
Veena Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

As the global urban populations increase with rapid migration from rural areas, ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are posing food safety challenges where street foods are prepared with less structured food safety guidelines in small and roadside outlets. The increased presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in street foods is a significant risk for human health because of its epidemiological significance. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become important and dangerous foodborne pathogens globally for their relevance to antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential burden of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae contaminating RTE street foods and to assess the microbiological quality of foods in a typical emerging and growing urban suburb of India where RTE street foods are rapidly establishing with public health implications. A total of 100 RTE food samples were collected of which, 22.88% were E. coli and 27.12% K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 25.42%, isolated mostly from chutneys, salads, paani puri, and chicken. Antimicrobial resistance was observed towards cefepime (72.9%), imipenem (55.9%), cefotaxime (52.5%), and meropenem (16.9%) with 86.44% of the isolates with MAR index above 0.22. Among β-lactamase encoding genes, blaTEM (40.68%) was the most prevalent followed by blaCTX (32.20%) and blaSHV (10.17%). blaNDM gene was detected in 20.34% of the isolates. This study indicated that contaminated RTE street foods present health risks to consumers and there is a high potential of transferring multi-drug-resistant bacteria from foods to humans and from person to person as pathogens or as commensal residents of the human gut leading to challenges for subsequent therapeutic treatments.

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