Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Other Escherichia coli Isolated from Food of Animal Origin and Human Intestinal Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANJA KRIZMAN ◽  
JERNEJA AMBROZIC AVGUSTIN ◽  
IRENA ZDOVC ◽  
MAJDA GOLOB ◽  
MARIJA TRKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

ABSTRACT Antibiotics have always appeared miraculous, saving innumerable lives. However, the unwise use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (n =160) isolated from food of animal origin. The focus was on E. coli–producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. E. coli was chosen because it is a part of the normal microbiota in mammals and can enter the food chain during slaughtering and food manipulation. Subsequently, its resistance genes can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria and human microbiota. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of selected antimicrobial resistances were carried out together with a molecular analysis of virulence genes. E. coli isolates from food of animal origin were compared with clinical E. coli strains isolated from the human intestinal tract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli isolates were found in 9.4% of food isolates and in 1.8% of intestinal isolates. Phylogenetically, the majority of food (86.3%) and intestinal E. coli (58.1%) isolates were found to belong to the commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1. The distribution of 4 of 14 analyzed virulence factors was similar in the food and intestinal isolates. Strains isolated from food in Slovenia harbored resistance genes and virulence factors, which can constitute a problem for food safety if not handled properly.

scholarly journals ESKAPE Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Wastewater and Process Water from German Poultry Slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Savin ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum ◽  
Jens Andre Hammerl ◽  
Céline Heinemann ◽  
Marijo Parcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Clinically Relevant Bacteria

ABSTRACT The wastewater of livestock slaughterhouses is considered a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may thus be important for their dissemination into the environment. To get an overview of their occurrence and characteristics, we investigated process water (n = 50) from delivery and unclean areas as well as wastewater (n = 32) from the in-house wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of two German poultry slaughterhouses (slaughterhouses S1 and S2). The samples were screened for ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) and Escherichia coli. Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and mobilizable colistin resistance genes were determined. Selected ESKAPE bacteria were epidemiologically classified using different molecular typing techniques. At least one of the target species was detected in 87.5% (n = 28/32) of the wastewater samples and 86.0% (n = 43/50) of the process water samples. The vast majority of the recovered isolates (94.9%, n = 448/472) was represented by E. coli (39.4%), the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex (32.4%), S. aureus (12.3%), and K. pneumoniae (10.8%), which were widely distributed in the delivery and unclean areas of the individual slaughterhouses, including their wastewater effluents. Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and P. aeruginosa were less abundant and made up 5.1% of the isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that the recovered isolates exhibited diverse resistance phenotypes and β-lactamase genes. In conclusion, wastewater effluents from the investigated poultry slaughterhouses exhibited clinically relevant bacteria (E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and species of the ACB and Enterobacter cloacae complexes) that contribute to the dissemination of clinically relevant resistances (i.e., blaCTX-M or blaSHV and mcr-1) in the environment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria from livestock may be opportunistic pathogens and carriers of clinically relevant resistance genes, as many antimicrobials are used in both veterinary and human medicine. They may be released into the environment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are influenced by wastewater from slaughterhouses, thereby endangering public health. Moreover, process water that accumulates during the slaughtering of poultry is an important reservoir for livestock-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria and may serve as a vector of transmission to occupationally exposed slaughterhouse employees. Mitigation solutions aimed at the reduction of the bacterial discharge into the production water circuit as well as interventions against their further transmission and dissemination need to be elaborated. Furthermore, the efficacy of in-house WWTPs needs to be questioned. Reliable data on the occurrence and diversity of clinically relevant bacteria within the slaughtering production chain and in the WWTP effluents in Germany will help to assess their impact on public and environmental health.

Antimicrobial-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli in Raw Cow's Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALENA SKOČKOVÁ ◽  
KATEŘINA BOGDANOVIČOVÁ ◽  
IVANA KOLÁČKOVÁ ◽  
RENÁTA KARPÍŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was the monitoring of resistant Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk with a focus on the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing strains. In total, 263 samples of raw milk from 40 farms were collected and investigated in 2010 to 2013 in the Czech Republic. Detection of E. coli was performed and evaluated according to ISO 16649-2, and antibiotic resistance was screened by the disk diffusion method. The presence of E. coli was detected in 243 (92.4%) samples. In total, 270 isolates were obtained. Resistance to β-lactam (31.8%) and tetracycline (13.0%) antibiotics was detected most often and also multiresistant strains (5.5%) were observed. E. coli isolates found to be resistant to β-lactam, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics were assayed by PCR to detect selected genes encoding those resistance mechanisms. In isolates in which any bla genes were detected, a double-disk synergy test was performed. ESBL production was confirmed in 2 (0.7%) isolates. The genetic analysis identified the presence of the blaCTX-M gene and other resistance genes (tet(B) and qnrB). Both ESBL-positive isolates originated from the same farm and had an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. The findings of our study indicate that milk can be a reservoir of bacteria carrying resistance genes with a potential for spreading through the food chain.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among canine enteric Escherichia coli isolates and prevalence of attaching–effacing and extraintestinal pathogenic virulence factors in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Sevilla ◽  
Raúl C. Mainar-Jaime ◽  
Bernardino Moreno ◽  
Inmaculada Martín-Burriel ◽  
Mariano Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specific Virulence

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli from a dog population in Spain and assess specific virulence factors. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobials was tested along with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC in faecal isolates from 100 dogs. Virulence-related genes associated with attaching and effacing E. coli (eae, Stx1, Stx2) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli – ExPEC – (papC, hlyA and cnf1) were detected by PCR. At least one kind of AMR was observed in 73% of the isolates. The highest prevalences corresponded to penicillin (45%), aminoglycoside (40%) and non-extended spectrum cephalosporin (39%) classes. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 53.4% of the resistant isolates. No resistance to colistin was found. Production of ESBL/AmpC enzymes was detected in 5% of E. coli. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were not observed, enteropathogenic E. coli were identified in only 12% of them, and ExPEC were found in 25%. Dog faeces can be a source of E. coli strains potentially presenting a threat to humans through their virulence factors or AMR. The non-hygienic keeping of animals may increase the risk of colonisation of such pathogens in humans.

Characterization of extended-spectrum and CMY-2 ß-lactamases, and associated virulence genes in Escherichia coli from food of animal origin in México

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 1457-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Barrios-Villa ◽  
Gerardo Cortés-Cortés ◽  
Patricia Lozano Zarain ◽  
Sergio Romero-Romero ◽  
Norarizbeth Lara Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance

Purpose Broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance is rapidly increasing in Escherichia coli, representing a food safety problem. The purpose of this paper is to characterize eight extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL) and acquired AmpC ß-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates and virotypes associated, obtained from chicken and pork food samples in Puebla, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach Samples (36 from chicken and 10 from pork) were cultured on Levine agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 mg/L) for isolation of cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli. CTXR-E. coli isolates were detected in 33 of 46 samples (72 percent), and one isolate/sample was characterized (28 from chicken and 5 from pork), for ESBL production, phylogenetic group, sequence typing, resistance and virulence genes by PCR and sequencing. Findings Results showed 16 ESBL-E. coli (35 percent) (12/16 belonging to phylogroup B1) and 8 CMY-2-E. coli (17 percent). ESBL detected were as follows (number of isolates): CTX-M-2 (8); CTX-M-1 (2); CTX-M-15 (1); SHV-2a (4) and TEM-52c (1). In total, 20 different sequence types (STs) were identified among the ESBL- or CMY-2-producing E. coli strains, which included four new ones. The CTX-M-15 β-lactamase was detected in one E. coli ST617-ST10 Cplx-B1 strain that also carried ibeA gene. One CMY-2-positive strain of lineage ST224-B2 was detected and it carried the qnrA1 gene. Originality/value In this study, a ST131-based virotyping scheme for strains from food of animal origin was established since this kind of strains constitutes an important vehicle of virulent ESBL- and CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates, which could be transmitted to humans by direct contact or through the food chain.

scholarly journals First ‘One-Health’ study on genome-wide comparison of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Human-Animal-Aquaculture-Environment continuum: a collective effort from six institutes of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Shome ◽  
Rakshit Ojha ◽  
Suresh Mendem ◽  
Devi Murugesan ◽  
Gopalakrishna Sivaraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
One Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Human Animal

Summary: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging threat to the global public health. Estimates suggests >10 million deaths by 2050 due to AMR alone. Six Indian institute collaborated along with 4 UK universities to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through One Health approach under NEOSTAR project jointly funded by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom. To address a question “Dose AMR in livestock contributes to AMR in people? A pilot study was conducted which is a collaborative effort to collect archival microbial isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative S. aureus (CoNS). The current study deals with E. coli isolates collected from ICAR-NIVEDI, ICAR-CIFT, ICAR-IVRI, ICAR-RCNEH, IIT-Delhi and GMCH and were subjected to QC analysis at ICAR-NIVEDI’s BSL2+ facility, these isolates were further segregated into 5 components viz., Animal origin (including aquaculture) (n=50) food of animal origin (n=30), Human (community settings) (n=3), Hospital origin (n=15) and Environment origin (n=14). A total of 112 E. coli isolates sequenced for whole genome through Illumina’s HiSeq 2500 platform at Sangers Institute, UK and paired end libraries were generated for all the 112 isolates were assembled and subjected to genome characterization and gene mining through various bioinformatics tools revealed the frequency of resistance, co-resistance, and resistant genes are high and similar across Human-Animal-Aquaculture-Environment continuum in India. This emphasizes the need to collaborate and mitigate antibiotic resistance with a ‘One Health’ approach.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing-Escherichia coli Isolated From Irrigation Waters and Produce in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Montero ◽  
Jorge Irazabal ◽  
Paul Cardenas ◽  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Contaminated Streams

In cities across the globe, the majority of wastewater – that includes drug resistant and pathogenic bacteria among other contaminants – is released into streams untreated. This water is often subsequently used for irrigation of pastures and produce. This use of wastewater-contaminated streams allows antibiotic-resistant bacteria to potentially cycle back to humans through agricultural products. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from produce and irrigation water across 17 provinces of Ecuador. A total of 117 vegetable samples, 119 fruit samples, and 38 irrigation water samples were analyzed. Results showed that 11% of the samples were positive for E. coli including 11 irrigation water samples (29%), and samples of 13 vegetables (11%), and 11 fruits (9%). Among the 165 E. coli isolates cultured, 96 (58%) had the ESBL phenotype, and 58% of ESBL producing E. coli came from irrigation water samples, 11% from vegetables, and 30% from fruits. The blaCTX–M–55, blaCTX–M 65, and blaCTX–M 15 genes were the most frequently found gene associated with the ESBL phenotype and coincided with the blaCTX–M alleles associated with human infections in Ecuador. Three isolates had the mcr-1 gene which is responsible for colistin resistance. This report provides evidence of the potential role of irrigation water in the growing antimicrobial resistance crisis in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Multiple and High-Risk Clones of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and blaNDM-5-Harbouring Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Cats and Dogs in Thailand

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Naiyaphat Nittayasut ◽  
Jitrapa Yindee ◽  
Pongthai Boonkham ◽  
Teerapong Yata ◽  
Nipattra Suanpairintr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and carbapenems in Escherichia coli (E. coli), increasingly identified in small animals, indicates a crisis of an antimicrobial resistance situation in veterinary medicine and public health. This study aimed to characterise the genetic features of ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections in Thailand. Of 72 ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from diagnostic samples (2016–2018), blaCTX-M including group 1 (CTX-M-55, -15 and -173) and group 9 (CTX-M-14, -27, -65 and -90) variants were detected in 47 isolates (65.28%) using PCR and DNA sequencing. Additional antimicrobial resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated AmpC (CIT and DHA), blaNDM-5, mcr-3, mph(A) and aac(6′)-Ib-cr, were detected in these isolates. Using a broth microdilution assay, all the strains exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogroups were F (36.11%), A (20.83%), B1 (19.44%), B2 (19.44%) and D (4.17%), with several virulence genes, plasmid replicons and an integrase gene. The DNA fingerprinting using a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR presented clonal relationships within phylogroups. Multiple human-associated, high-risk ExPEC clones associated with multidrug resistance, including sequence type (ST) 38, ST131, ST224, ST167, ST354, ST410, ST617 and ST648, were identified, suggesting clonal dissemination. Dogs and cats are a potential reservoir of ESC-resistant E. coli and significant antimicrobial resistance genes.

Global Emergence of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Food Chains and Associated Food Safety Implications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1440-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA BARLAAM ◽  
ANTONIO PARISI ◽  
ELISA SPINELLI ◽  
MARTA CARUSO ◽  
PIETRO DI TARANTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria represents one of the most important challenges for public health worldwide. Human infections from antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can be transmitted from person to person, via the environment (especially in the hospital environment), or via handling or eating contaminated foods. Colistin is well known as a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of human infections; a recent study performed in the People's Republic of China has revealed that colistin resistance is also conferred by the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli. After that discovery, further plasmid-mediated, colistin resistance genes have been detected. However, to date, only reports on E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene (E. coli mcr-1+) in foodstuff are available. E. coli mcr-1+ has been isolated from food of animal origin and vegetables; this discovery has opened a debate among food safety experts. This review aims to provide a critical overview of the currently available scientific literature on the presence of the plasmid-mediated, colistin resistance gene E. coli mcr-1 in foodstuffs, focusing on the main implications and future perspectives for food safety.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from a Commercial Beef Processing Plant†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUEEN ASLAM ◽  
MOUSSA S. DIARRA ◽  
CARA SERVICE ◽  
HEIDI REMPEL
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Samples

The goal of this study was to assess the distribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from a commercial beef processing plant. A total of 123 antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates were used: 34 from animal hides, 10 from washed carcasses, 27 from conveyers for moving carcasses and meat, 26 from beef trimmings, and 26 from ground meat. The AMR genes for β-lactamase (blaCMY, blaSHV, and blaTEM), tetracycline (tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C)), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, and sul3), and aminoglycoside (strA and strB) were detected by PCR assay. The distribution of tet(B), tet(C), sul1, blaTEM, strA, and strB genes was significantly different among sample sources. E. coli isolates positive for the tet(B) gene and for both strA and strB genes together were significantly associated with hide, washed carcass, and ground meat samples, whereas sul1 gene was associated with washed carcass and beef trimming samples. The blaTEM gene was significantly associated with ground meat samples. About 50% of tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for tet(A) (14%), tet(B) (15%), or tet(C) (21%) genes or both tet(B) and tet(C) genes together (3%). The sul2 gene or both sul1 and sul2 genes were found in 23% of sulfisoxazole-resistant E. coli isolates, whereas the sul3 gene was not found in any of the E. coli isolates tested. The majority of streptomycin-resistant E. coli isolates (76%) were positive for the strA and strB genes together. The blaCMY, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes were found in 12, 56, and 4%, respectively, of ampicillin-resistant E. coli isolates. These data suggest that E. coli isolates harboring AMR genes are widely distributed in meat processing environments and can create a pool of transferable resistance genes for pathogens. The results of this study underscore the need for effective hygienic and sanitation procedures in meat plants to reduce the risks of contamination with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Slaughtered Animals in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BARDOŇ ◽  
V. HUSIČKOVÁ ◽  
M. CHROMÁ ◽  
M. KOLÁŘ
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a global medical problem requiring close cooperation between veterinary and human physicians. Raw materials and foods of animal origin may be not only a source of pathogenic bacteria causing alimentary tract infections but also a source of bacteria with a dangerous extent of resistance to antibiotics, potentially entering the human food chain. This article presents results of the first study in the Czech Republic detecting the presence of Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in swabs collected in slaughterhouses from surfaces of healthy animal carcasses. In 2012, swabs taken from pig (n = 166) and cattle (n = 140) carcass surfaces were analyzed. In 17% of 53 studied slaughterhouses, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were isolated. ESBLs were found in 11 and 4% of porcine and bovine samples, respectively. Swabs collected from pigs yielded 18 ESBL-producing E. coli strains. The bla genes were found to encode production of CTX-M-1 group enzymes in 16 strains, SHV in one case, and both CTX-M-1–like and TEM in another case. In swabs taken from cattle, five ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated. In three cases, the bla genes for CTX-M-1–like production were identified; in two cases, genes for both CTX-M-1–like and TEM production were found. The similarity/identity of ESBL-positive isolates was compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This is the first report and characterization of the presence and nature of ESBL-producing E. coli in swabs collected from surfaces of healthy pig and cattle carcasses in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic.

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