scholarly journals Human and Zoonotic Dermatophytoses: Epidemiological Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Segal ◽  
Daniel Elad
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionDermatophytes are a group of molds characterized by the ability to produce keratinases, thereby carving out for themselves specific ecological niches. Their traditional division into three genera, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton has been expanded to nine and the species in each genus were modified. Dermatophytes are among the most prevalent causes of human and animal mycoses. Their epidemiology is influenced by various factors. These factors may be evolutive such as the predilected environment of the fungus, namely, humans (anthropophilic), animals (zoophilic), or environment (geophilic), is evolutionary and thus may require centuries to develop. Many other factors, however, result from a variety of causes, affecting the epidemiology of dermatophytoses within a shorter time frame.ObjectiveThis review aims at summarizing the factors that have modified the epidemiology of dermatophytoses during the last decades.ResultsGeographic and climatic conditions, demography such as age and gender, migration, socio-economic conditions, lifestyle, and the environment have had an impact on changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses, as have changes in the pattern of human interaction with animals, including pets, farm, and wild animals. A typical example of such changes is the increased prevalence of Trichophyton tonsurans, which spread from Latin America to the United States and subsequently becoming a frequent etiological agent of tinea capitis in Africa, Middle East, and other areas.ConclusionThe comprehension of the epidemiology of dermatophytoses has a major bearing on their prevention and treatment. Since it is undergoing continuous changes, periodic assessments of the most recent developments of this topic are required. This article aims at providing such an overview.

scholarly journals Circumstances of fall-related injuries by age and gender among community-dwelling adults in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lava R. Timsina ◽  
Joanna L. Willetts ◽  
Melanye J. Brennan ◽  
Helen Marucci-Wellman ◽  
David A. Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Truancy in the United States: Examining temporal trends and correlates by race, age, and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy R. Maynard ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Erik J. Nelson ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Adolescent perceptions of reciprocity, authority, and closeness in relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Laursen ◽  
Peter Noack ◽  
David Wilder ◽  
Vickie Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Adolescents in Germany and the United States completed questionnaires describing reciprocity, authority, and closeness in relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends. Reciprocity was linked to authority within and across friendships and parent-child relationships; reciprocity and authority were linked to closeness within and across parent-child relationships, but neither within friendships nor across friendships and parent-child relationships. Median splits divided adolescents into high and low closeness groups for each relationship to determine differences in reciprocity and authority. Patterns of reciprocity varied as a function of relationship closeness and nationality, as well as by age and gender. Patterns of authority differed by nationality only.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Self-Esteem—A Cross-Cultural Window

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Ruben C. Arslan ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Jason Rentfrow ◽  
Jochen E. Gebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present research uses a large Internet sample (N 985,937) to provide the first large-scale systematic cross-cultural examination of gender and age differences in self-esteem. Across 48 nations, and consistent with previous research, wefound age-related increases in self-esteem from late adolescence to middle adulthood and significant gender gaps, with males consistently reporting higher self-esteem than females. Despite these broad cross-cultural similarities, the cultures differed significantly in the magnitude of gender, age, and Gender Age effects on self-esteem. These differences were associated with cultural differences in socioeconomic, sociodemographic, gender-equality, and cultural value indicators. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of cross-cultural research on self-esteem.

Predicting future cancer incidence by age and gender.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley B. Garner ◽  
Benjamin D. Smith ◽  
Jacob Ezra Shabason ◽  
Grant Richard Williams ◽  
Michelle Y. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

1559 Background: Cancer remains a substantial and unique burden on society. While the impact of changing demographics on cancer incidence has previously been characterized (Smith et al, JCO, 2009), this has not been done with updated population data. Our objective was to update projections on the number of new cancer diagnoses in the United States by age and gender through 2040. Methods: Population-based cancer incidence data were obtained using SEER 18 delay-adjusted data. Population estimates were made by age, race, and gender using the 2010 US Census data population projections to calculate future cancer incidence rates. Trends in age- adjusted incidence rates for 23 cancer types were calculated as previously described (Edwards et al, Cancer, 2014). Results: From 2020 to 2040 the projected total cancer incidence will increase by almost 30% from 1.86 million to 2.4 million. This increase is due to the projected increase in population growth, particularly in older individuals. The population of older adults will represent a growing proportion of total cancer diagnoses. Specifically, patients ≥65 years old will make up 69% of all new cancer diagnoses, while 13% of new diagnoses will be in patients ≥85 years old by 2040 (see Table). Cancer diagnoses in females are projected to rise 27%, while male cancer diagnoses are projected to increase by 32% from 2020 to 2040. The incidence rates for lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer are expected to decline, while those for thyroid, liver, melanoma and myeloma are expected to increase. Conclusions: The landscape of cancer care will continue to change over the next several decades. The burden of disease will remain substantial and will continue to disproportionately affect older adults. The growing proportion of older cancer patients and changes in site-specific cancer incidence rates remain of particular interest. These projections should help guide future health policy and research priorities. [Table: see text]

449: Age and Gender as Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Children in the United States, 1999–2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 161 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S113-S113
Author(s):  
L B Davis ◽  
E Hayes ◽  
D O’Leary ◽  
T Smith ◽  
A Marfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
And Gender

Social Relationships and Inflammatory Markers in the MIDUS Cohort: The Role of Age and Gender Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari J. Elliot ◽  
Kathi L. Heffner ◽  
Christopher J. Mooney ◽  
Jan A. Moynihan ◽  
Benjamin P. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To better understand age and gender differences in associations of social relationships with chronic inflammation. Method: Using a sample of middle-aged and older adults ( N = 963) from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) biomarker project, we examined interactions of age and gender with structural and functional social network measures in predicting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Significant interactions involving age and gender showed that social support was associated with lower IL-6 in older women, whereas perceived positive relationships and social integration were related to lower IL-6 in both men and women of advanced age. Functional measures were associated with higher CRP in both men and women after adjustment for health conditions and behaviors, with some further variation by age. Discussion: Greater social support may be related to lower IL-6 in older women. Further research is needed to understand observed associations of social support with higher CRP.

scholarly journals Gender variability of morphofunctional indices in adolescents of mountain Altai

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Chanchaeva ◽  
R. I. Aizman ◽  
S. S. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Functional Indices ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Gender differences in the functioning of the organism of teenagers in extreme climatic conditions of the environment are not been well understood. We estimated the variability of morphofunctional indices in adolescents aged of 11-16 years residing in lowlands and midlands of Mountain Altai in dependence on area of residence, age, and gender. The variability of morphological and functional indices of male and female body in a critical period of ontogenesis was found to be dependent in varying degrees on the climatic conditions of the Mountainous Altai. Revealed significant differences in morphofunctional indices depending on the area in boys are more significant than in girls. In male adolescents, residing in middleland unlike peers of lowland there was noted functional exertion of the cardiovascular system, as well as delay in physical and sexual development. It testifies about the gender variability of adaptation of an organism depending on factors of environment and higher sensitivity of a male organism during the period of puberty to external negative influences.

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