scholarly journals Co-circulation of a Novel Dromedary Camel Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in a Dromedary Herd With Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Lee Lee Teng ◽  
Ulrich Wernery ◽  
Hwei Huih Lee ◽  
Joshua Fung ◽  
Sunitha Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Intergenic Sequences ◽  
Tract Infections

Since the emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, there have been a surge in the discovery and evolutionary studies of viruses in dromedaries. Here, we investigated a herd of nine dromedary calves from Umm Al Quwain, the United Arab Emirates that developed respiratory signs. Viral culture of the nasal swabs from the nine calves on Vero cells showed two different types of cytopathic effects (CPEs), suggesting the presence of two different viruses. Three samples showed typical CPEs of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Vero cells, which was confirmed by partial RdRp gene sequencing. Complete genome sequencing of the three MERS-CoV strains showed that they belonged to clade B3, most closely related to another dromedary MERS-CoV isolate previously detected in Dubai. They also showed evidence of recombination between lineages B4 and B5 in ORF1ab. Another three samples showed non-typical CPEs of MERS-CoV with cell rounding, progressive degeneration, and detachment. Electron microscopy revealed spherical viral particles with peplomers and diameter of about 170nm. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis showed that the genome organization (3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5') was typical of paramyxovirus. They possessed typical genome features similar to other viruses of the genus Respirovirus, including a conserved motif 323FAPGNYALSYAM336 in the N protein, RNA editing sites 5'-717AAAAAAGGG725-3', and 5'-1038AGAAGAAAGAAAGG1051-3' (mRNA sense) in the P gene with multiple polypeptides coding capacity, a nuclear localization signal sequence 245KVGRMYSVEYCKQKIEK261 in the M protein, a conserved sialic acid binding motif 252NRKSCS257 in the HN protein, conserved lengths of the leader (55nt) and trailer (51nt) sequences, total coding percentages (92.6–93.4%), gene-start (AGGANNAAAG), gene-end (NANNANNAAAAA), and trinucleotide intergenic sequences (CTT, mRNA sense). Phylogenetic analysis of their complete genomes showed that they were most closely related to bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) genotype C strains. In the phylogenetic tree constructed using the complete L protein, the branch length between dromedary camel PIV3 (DcPIV3) and the nearest node is 0.04, which is >0.03, the definition used for species demarcation in the family Paramyxoviridae. Therefore, we show that DcPIV3 is a novel species of the genus Respirovirus that co-circulated with MERS-CoV in a dromedary herd in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among febrile Indonesian Hajj pilgrims: A study on 28,197 returning pilgrims

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Amin ◽  
A Bakhtiar ◽  
M Subarjo ◽  
EB Aksono ◽  
P Widiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Tract Infections

There were 211,000 Indonesian Hajj pilgrims going to Mecca through 11 main airports in 2015 who were at risk of contracting the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We aimed to find out whether there was any occurrence of MERS-CoV by performing screening on 28,197 returning pilgrims. Those with a body temperature of > 38 °C and respiratory symptoms were sent to the airport clinic to have an oropharyngeal swab and a bacterial culture. Fifteen pilgrims had fever (> 38 °C) accompanied by respiratory symptoms; of these, 12 patients were diagnosed with upper and lower respiratory tract infections and three patients with pneumonia. However, none of them were found to be infected with MERS-CoV. The bacterial cultures showed evidence of normal flora growth.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Isolated from a Dromedary Camel in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mahmoud M. Shehata ◽  
Rabeh El Shesheny ◽  
Mokhtar R. Gomaa ◽  
Mohamed A. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Nasal Sample

We generated the near-full genome sequence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a collected nasal sample of dromedary camel in Egypt. The newly characterized Egyptian strain has high similarity to the previously characterized Egyptian virus and both of viruses fell into a cluster distinct from other MERS-CoVs.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Gomaa Hemida ◽  
Abdulmohsen Alnaeem ◽  
Daniel KW Chu ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Samuel MS Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

scholarly journals Infectious Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Excretion and Serotype Variability Based on Live Virus Isolates from Patients in Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 2951-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Muth ◽  
Victor M. Corman ◽  
Benjamin Meyer ◽  
Abdullah Assiri ◽  
Malak Al-Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Prototype Strain ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Rna Concentration

The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected at least 1,082 people, including 439 fatalities. So far, no empirical virus isolation study has been done to elucidate infectious virus secretion or serotype variability. Here, we used 51 respiratory samples from 32 patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection for virus isolation in Vero B4 and Caco-2 cells. We found Caco-2 cells to significantly enhance isolation success over routinely used Vero cells. Isolation success correlated with viral RNA concentration and time after diagnosis as well as with the amount of IgA antibodies secreted in respiratory samples used for isolation. Results from plaque reduction neutralization assays using a representative range of serum samples and virus isolates suggested that all circulating human MERS-CoV strains represent one single serotype. The choice of prototype strain is not likely to influence the success of candidate MERS-CoV vaccines. However, vaccine formulations should be evaluated for their potential to induce IgA.

scholarly journals An Overview: Coronaviruses in Recent Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadan ◽  
◽  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Rasha Raheem ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

Coronaviruses are an association of viruses which lead sicknesses in mammals and birds. The Common symptoms that affect humans are respiratory tract infections, fever, headache, etc.In this review, we highlight the development in coronaviruses in recent two decade, which include simpleacute respiratory syndrome (2002-2003), middle east respiratory syndrome (2012) and coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-2020).

scholarly journals Identification of sialic acid-binding function for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (40) ◽  
pp. E8508-E8517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Li ◽  
Ruben J. G. Hulswit ◽  
Ivy Widjaja ◽  
V. Stalin Raj ◽  
Ryan McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Neuraminidase Treatment ◽  
Intact Virus

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) targets the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract both in humans and in its natural host, the dromedary camel. Virion attachment to host cells is mediated by 20-nm-long homotrimers of spike envelope protein S. The N-terminal subunit of each S protomer, called S1, folds into four distinct domains designated S1A through S1D. Binding of MERS-CoV to the cell surface entry receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) occurs via S1B. We now demonstrate that in addition to DPP4, MERS-CoV binds to sialic acid (Sia). Initially demonstrated by hemagglutination assay with human erythrocytes and intact virus, MERS-CoV Sia-binding activity was assigned to S subdomain S1A. When multivalently displayed on nanoparticles, S1 or S1A bound to human erythrocytes and to human mucin in a strictly Sia-dependent fashion. Glycan array analysis revealed a preference for α2,3-linked Sias over α2,6-linked Sias, which correlates with the differential distribution of α2,3-linked Sias and the predominant sites of MERS-CoV replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of camels and humans, respectively. Binding is hampered by Sia modifications such as 5-N-glycolylation and (7,)9-O-acetylation. Depletion of cell surface Sia by neuraminidase treatment inhibited MERS-CoV entry of Calu-3 human airway cells, thus providing direct evidence that virus–Sia interactions may aid in virion attachment. The combined observations lead us to propose that high-specificity, low-affinity attachment of MERS-CoV to sialoglycans during the preattachment or early attachment phase may form another determinant governing the host range and tissue tropism of this zoonotic pathogen.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Karakteristik Pasien dengan Kasus Positif COVID-19 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Edi Kurnianto ◽  
Daniel Happy Putra ◽  
Puteri Fannya ◽  
Deasy Rosmala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
District Health ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 causes respiratory tract infections ranging from the common cold to serious illnesses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This study aim is to determine the characteristics of patients with positive cases of COVID-19 at the Matraman District Health Center. The characteristics data that collected as a variable are symptoms, age, gender and residence. This research uses a descriptive analysis research method with a quantitative approach. There are 495 data collected from epidemiological investigation forms. The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling with a checklist sheet collecting data method. Based on the results of data collection and analysis the majority of symptoms characteristic found in this research this positive case of COVID-19 researches at the Matraman District Health Center, the major characteristics of symptoms in COVID-19 patients are patients with mild symptoms (59%); 31-45 years old are the majority of patients (29%), woman is the majority of gender characteristic (62%), and most of the cases founded in the Pisangan Baru district. It is to be expected that health services can provided education to every community regarding health protocols especially for a group at risk to prevent and slowing down the rate of virus transmission in the Matraman area.Keywords: COVID-19, characteristics of positive patients, epidemiology AbstrakCOVID-19 adalah adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh sindrom pernapasan akut coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 menyebabkan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan dari flu biasa hingga penyakit yang serius seperti Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pasien dengan kasus positif COVID-19 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman. Karakteristik yang dilihat pada penelitian ini adalah gejala, umur, jenis kelamin dan tempat tinggal. Metode penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah formulir penyelidikan epidemiologi sebanyak 495 formulir. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah simpel random sampling dengan menggunakan lembar checklist. Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan dan danalisis data didapatkan hasil yaitu  karakteristik gejala pada pasien COVID-19 pada penelitian ini adalah gejala ringan (59%); umur 31-45 tahun adalah mayoritas penderita covid 19 (29%), jenis kelamin mayoritas adalah perempuan (62%) dan mayoritas kasus terjadi di daerah Pisangan Baru (35%) Pelayanan kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi kepada setiap masyarakat terkait tentang protokol kesehatan kepada kelompok-kelompok yang berisiko untuk pencegahan dan memperlambat laju transmisi virus di wilayah Matraman.Kata Kunci: Covid-19, karakteristik pasien positif, epidemiologi

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