Apple Pomace as a Sustainable Substrate in Sourdough Fermentation

Innovations range from food production, land use, and emissions all the way to improved diets and waste management. Global apple production has amounted to over 87 million tons/year, while 18% are processed, resulting in 20–35% (apple fruit fresh weight) apple pomace (AP). Using modern AP management, integrated knowledge in innovative fermentation demonstrates opportunities for reducing environmental pollution and integration into a circular economy. With this association in view, integrating AP flour during sourdough fermentation increases the nutritional value, highlighting a new approach that could guide innovative fermented foods. In this study, the wheat flour (WF) and AP flour were mixed at different ratios, hydrated with water (1:1 w/v), and fermented using a selective culture of Fructilactobacillus florum DSM 22689 and baker’s yeast (single and co-culture). Sourdough fermentation was monitored and analyzed for 72 h. Results suggested that AP may be an important source of organic acids and fermentable sugars that increase nutritional sourdough value. AP flour addition in WF had a positive effect, especially in fermentations with 95% WF and 5% AP, mainly in co-culture fermentation.

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Screening of probiotic cultures intended for processing of fermented foods for their ability to produce biogenic amines

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856010025 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radka Burdychová ◽

V. Dohnal

Keyword(s):

Biogenic Amines ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Processing ◽

Food Production ◽

Fermented Food ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Site Of Action ◽

Positive Effect

The contemporary trend is using probiotic cultures in fermented food production. They can be used as starter cultures and for their positive effect on human health. Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms present in food which consumed in adequate amounts affects positively the intestinal microflora’s composition and balance and thus human health itself. Cultures of these bacteria have to be of human origin and be able to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract. They also have to be able to multiply on the site of action (in intestine) and must not be toxic or pathogenic. Unfortunately, even some probiotic cultures can be counted among potential producers of biogenic amines, so their testing for the presence of biogenic amines is necessary (BURDYCHOVÁ, 2007).The aim of this study was screening of 26 types of bacterial cultures (SACCO, Italy) as probiotic cultures for their ability to produce biogenic amines tyramine and histamine. Cultivation in decarboxylating medium (BOVER-CID and HOLZAPFEL, 1999), HPLC descibed by BURDYCHOVÁ and DOHNAL (2007), and PCR detection of genes coding enzymes tyrosindecarboxylase and histidindecarboxylase, participating in formation of biogenic amines (COTON et al., 2004), were used as the screening methods. 19 strains of Lactobacillus spp., 3 strains of Bifidobacterium spp., 2 strains of Pediococcus spp. and 2 strains of Enterococcus spp. were examined by the methods mentioned above. The tyramine production was detected at 8 strains of Lactobacillus spp., 3 strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and 2 strains of Enterococcus spp., whereas no tested cultures were found to be able to produce histamine.The strains at which production of biogenic amines tyramine and histamine wasn’t detected are suitable for fermented food processing. When the strains at which production of tyramine was demonstrated were used in food processing, a control of concentration of this biogenic amine in final product is highly recommended.

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Development of the antioxidant indexes (FRAP, TFC, TPC) of scabbing resistant apple varieties in storage

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/1/3775 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Mihály Orosz-Tóth ◽

Sándorné Kincses

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Apple Variety ◽

Apple Varieties ◽

Apple Production ◽

The Given

One of the most important groups of bioactive substances in apples are antioxidants, which have a health-preserving effect. The amount of these compounds varies not only during the ripening of the apple fruit, but also continuously during post-harvest storage. A growing group of health-conscious consumers are looking for apple varieties with a nutritional value that satisfies their needs. In the scope of our research, we examined 5 apple varieties originating from the Derecske horticultural site of KITE cPlc. in 2016. The plantation was planted to be suitable for intensive apple production. Samples were collected at the time of maturity (August-October) of the given variety. The 5 examined apple varieties (Gaia, Isaaq, Modí, Smeralda and Fujion) are all resistant to apple scab (fungal disease caused by Venturia inaequalis). The 2-month storage experiment was conducted at 16–17 °C, which had an aggressive effect on our stored apples. Total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content as well as FRAP values of the apples were measured. Measurements were taken immediately after harvest and after 1 and 2 months of storage. Our results were evaluated by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. Our aim was to compare the antioxidant results of 5 scab-resistant apple varieties, which change continuously during storage. The antioxidant content of our apple varieties increased during 2 months storage. The best result was achieved by the Modí apple variety (FRAP: 467.32 mg/100g; TFC: 317.76 mg/100g; TPC: 1771.97 mg/100g). Consumers may want to consume apples stored for a longer period of time if they are to absorb large amounts of antioxidants.

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Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Maximilian Kardung ◽

Kutay Cingiz ◽

Ortwin Costenoble ◽

Roel Delahaye ◽

Wim Heijman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Food Production ◽

Conceptual Analysis ◽

Green Economy ◽

Political Agenda ◽

Analysis Framework ◽

Stakeholder Consultation ◽

Time Period ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the development of the EU bioeconomy. The bioeconomy has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy) and there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially between the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts. Analyzing the driving factors provides important information for monitoring activities. We first derive the scope of the bioeconomy framework in terms of bioeconomy sectors and products to be involved, the needed geographical coverage and resolution, and time period. Furthermore, we outline a set of indicators linked to the objectives of the EU’s bioeconomy strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, in particular, focus on the bio-based sectors within the bioeconomy as biomass and food production is already monitored. The selected indicators commit to the EU Bioeconomy Strategy objectives and conform with findings from previous studies and stakeholder consultation. Additionally, several new indicators have been suggested and they are related to measuring the impact of changes in supply, demand drivers, resource availability, and policies on sustainability goals.

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Introducing a Degrowth Approach to the Circular Economy Policies of Food Production, and Food Loss and Waste Management: Towards a Circular Bioeconomy

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Hoehn ◽

Jara Laso ◽

María Margallo ◽

Israel Ruiz-Salmón ◽

Francisco José Amo-Setién ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Food Production ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Food Loss ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Assessment Approach ◽

New Policies

There is a growing debate surrounding the contradiction between an unremitting increase in the use of resources and the search for environmental sustainability. Therefore, the concept of sustainable degrowth is emerging aiming to introduce in our societies new social values and new policies, capable of satisfying human requirements whilst reducing environmental impacts and consumption of resources. In this framework, circular economy strategies for food production and food loss and waste management systems, following the Sustainable Development Goals agenda, are being developed based on a search for circularity, but without setting limits to the continual increase in environmental impacts and resource use. This work presents a methodology for determining the percentage of degrowth needed in any food supply chain, by analyzing four scenarios in a life cycle assessment approach over time between 2020 and 2040. Results for the Spanish case study suggested a degrowth need of 26.8% in 2015 and 58.9% in 2040 in order to achieve compliance with the Paris Agreement targets, highlighting the reduction of meat and fish and seafood consumption as the most useful path.

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Characterization of the Bull's Eye Rot of Apple in Chile

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-12-0606-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 485-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sylvana Soto-Alvear ◽

Mauricio Lolas ◽

Inés M. Rosales ◽

Eduardo R. Chávez ◽

Bernardo A. Latorre

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The United States ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Maritime Transportation ◽

Tubulin Genes ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽

Apple Production ◽

Species Specific ◽

Bull's Eye

Apple fruit in Chile are primarily produced for export to Asia, Europe, and the United States, which typically requires 15 to 40 days of maritime transportation. Therefore, Chilean apple production must fulfill the sanitization requirements imposed by the receiving countries. Under these circumstances, it was important to clarify the etiology of bull's eye rot that can severely affect ‘Cripps Pink’ apple and other late-harvest cultivars in Chile. Based on morphological characteristics and the partial sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequences and β-tubulin genes, Neofabraea alba was identified as the causal agent of the bull's eye rot of Chilean apple. These results were further corroborated using species-specific primers. The incidence of bull's eye rot varied considerably; for instance, in 2009, 0.0 to 58.7% in 38 Cripps Pink orchards surveyed in the relatively arid and humid apple-growing areas of Chile, respectively. There was no evidence for the presence of N. malicorticis or N. perennans, which are commonly identified as causal agents of bull's eye rot in other apple-producing countries. Altogether, these data suggest that N. alba might represent the predominant and possibly the only cause of bull's-eye rot of Chilean apple.

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Feeding value of three categories of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) for poultry

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051444 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 591-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. Grosjean ◽

B. Barrier-Guillot ◽

D. Bastianelli ◽

F. Rudeaux ◽

A. Bourdillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe nutritional value of different categories of peas was measured in mash or pelleted diets using adult cockerels. Twenty-five round and white-flowered peas (feed peas), 12 round and coloured-flowered peas and five wrinkled and white-flowered peas were used in mash diets. From the same batches, 11 feed peas, five coloured peas and four wrinkled peas were tested in pelleted diets.Mean apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 12·02, 11·35 and 10·50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 13·18, 12·72 and 11·63 MJ/kg DM for the same categories in pelleted diets.Mean starch digestibility was 0·905, 0·887 and 0·802 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 0·985, 0·984 and 0·840 for these categories in pelleted diets.Mean protein digestibility was 0·788, 0·643 and 0·798 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and corresponding values for peas in pelleted diets were 0·855, 0·743 and 0·853.Pelleting thus had a positive effect on the nutritional value of peas and this improvement was all the more important because the AME and protein digestibility of the pea in mash diets was low.The nutritional value of feed peas for cockerels was not strongly correlated with chemical composition or to digestibility data obtained in the pig.

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Impact of circular economy as the EU’s ambitious policy

Research in Social Change ◽

10.2478/rsc-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 79-96

Author(s):

Urška Fric

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Environmental Policy ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Best Practice ◽

Action Plan ◽

Legal Framework ◽

New Approach ◽

Social Actors ◽

The Impact

Abstract The article describes the role of legislative and legal framework which brought about a new approach to waste management through the concept of circular economy, and its drivers. We explicitly focus on the impact of ambitious EU environmental policy and its financial support from the European Commission (EC) which helped social actors recognize not only the ecological, but also the economic and social benefits of the circular economy. Over 50 actions under the “Circular Economy Action Plan” launched in 2015 have been delivered or are being implemented in this period in European Union (EU). Through overview of the EU’s ambitious policy, best practice of the circular economy in the world and status quo in circular economy at EU level we also show the circular economy is nowadays a crucial megatrend and there is still needed to increase up action at EU level, provide the competitive advantage it brings to EU economy and close the loop. Beside impact of ambitious EU environmental policy article focuses on the Cultural Political Economy (CPE) approach as a political economy approach with the purpose for explaining the role of legislative and legal framework as a mechanism for selection and retention of the paradigm of circular economy.

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Foliar Application of Phosphorus Improves Apple Fruit Color During Ripening

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201563041195 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 1195-1200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Franci Štampar ◽

Jan Bizjak ◽

Robert Veberič ◽

Jerneja Jakopič

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Red Color ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Quercetin Glycosides ◽

Apple Production

The red color of skin is a much desired property in apple production. For better red fruit coloration the applications of foliar fertilizers on the basis of calcium and phosphorus are used. In the present study ‘Braeburn’ apple trees were sprayed twice with Phostrade Ca (phosphorus), 5 and 3 weeks before harvest. In 7-days intervals fruit color, the content of flavonoids and enzyme activity involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins have been monitored. Foliar application of Phostrade Ca caused a more intense red skin color of apples and higher anthocyanin content. Their level increased during ripening, in treated apples the content of total anthocyanins was 20-fold higher at harvest while in control apples only 9-fold higher compared to the initial values. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was the most abundant anthocyanin (80 to 86% of total anthocyanins), followed by cyanidin 3-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-xyloside and cyanidin 7-arabinoside. Prostrade Ca increased the levels of all quercetin glycosides, with the exception of quercetin 3-rhamnoside. No significant influence of Phostrade Ca on the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavanols and total phenolics has been monitored. The activity of FHT and DFR increased during ripening but Phostrade Ca influenced only higher activity of DFR.

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Potassium Fertigation to Enhance the Performance of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci16216-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Patience Seyram Akakpo ◽

Moosa Mahmood Sedibe ◽

Bello Zaid ◽

Zenzile P. Khetsha ◽

Mokgaputsiwa P. Theka-Kutumela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ionic Balance ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Metabolite Content ◽

Positive Effect

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient in plant metabolism, ionic balance, and stress resistance. In this study, the effects of K on agronomic attributes and on mineral and primary metabolite content in African potato were determined. K was administered hydroponically at four concentrations (4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 meq·L−1) using Steiner’s universal nutrient solution. Chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf area (LA), fresh corm mass (FCM), number of roots (NR), root fresh weight (RFM), and root dry mass (RDM) were measured 18, 32, and 40 weeks after transplanting. Mineral analysis data were collected at 18 weeks, and primary metabolite data were collected at 32 weeks. Significant effects of K were observed after 18 weeks, and all test concentrations had a positive effect on yield. Calcium and boron significantly accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K. Alanine and malic acid were the only metabolites affected by K concentrations. More minerals accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K, whereas at 10.00 meq·L−1 K, more minerals clustered in the leaf. K applied at 4.00 meq·L−1 is recommended when growing African potato using a nutrient solution to improve corm mineral and metabolite accumulation.

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