scholarly journals The Antioxidant Guaiacol Exerts Fungicidal Activity Against Fungal Growth and Deoxynivalenol Production in Fusarium graminearum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Gao ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jianrong Shi ◽  
Sherif Ramzy Mohamed ◽  
Jianhong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Transport Channels ◽  
Median Effective Concentration ◽  
Dose Dependent

The main component of creosote obtained from dry wood distillation—guaiacol—is a natural antioxidant that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. However, the antifungal mechanism of guaiacol against phytopathogens remains unclear. In this study, we found that guaiacol exerts inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, conidial formation and germination, and deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum in a dose-dependent manner. The median effective concentration (EC50) value of guaiacol for the standard F. graminearum strain PH-1 was 1.838 mM. Guaiacol strongly inhibited conidial production and germination. The antifungal effects of guaiacol may be attributed to its capability to cause damage to the cell membrane by disrupting Ca2+ transport channels. In addition, the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by guaiacol treatment indicate that guaiacol displays activity against DON production by modulating the oxidative response in F. graminearum. Taken together, this study revealed the potentials of antioxidant in inhibiting mycotoxins in F. graminearum.

scholarly journals The antioxidant methyl gallate inhibits fungal growth and deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium graminearum

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Deliang Wu ◽  
Tao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Production of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is associated with oxidative stress and has been indicated to be part of an adaptive response to oxidative stress in the important wheat fungus Fusarium graminearum. In this study, we found that the antioxidant methyl gallate (MG) displays inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, conidial formation and germination, and DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 0.05% (w/v) MG resulted in an abnormal swollen conidial morphology. The expression of the TRI genes involved in DON biosynthesis was significantly reduced, and the induction of Tri1-GFP green fluorescence signals in the spherical and crescent-shaped toxisomes was abolished in the MG-treated mycelium. RNA-Seq analysis of MG-treated F. graminearum showed that 0.5% (w/v) MG inhibited DON production by possibly altering membrane functions and oxidoreductase activities. Coupled with the observations that MG treatment decreases catalase, POD and SOD activity in F. graminearum. The results of this study indicated that MG displays antifungal activity against DON production by modulating its oxidative response. Taken together, the current study revealed the potential of MG in inhibiting mycotoxins in F. graminearum. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidant Betanin Protects Rats from Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury Interstitial Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Han ◽  
Deshun Ma ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xuelian Yang ◽  
Dehong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Injury Characteristic ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of betanin on a rat paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and betanin (25 and 100 mg/kg/d) was orally administered 3 days before and 2 days after paraquat administration. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last betanin dosage, and lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. In rats treated only with paraquat, extensive lung injury characteristic of ALI was observed, including histological changes, elevation of lung : body weight ratio, increased lung permeability, increased lung neutrophilia infiltration, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced claudin-4 and zonula occluden-1 protein levels, increased BALF interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αlevels, reduced BALF IL-10 levels, and increased lung nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) activity. In rats treated with betanin, paraquat-induced ALI was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results indicate that betanin attenuates paraquat-induced ALI possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, the potential for using betanin as an auxilliary therapy for ALI should be explored further.

Mechanisms of Hepatoprotection ofTerminalia catappaL. Extract on D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damage

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Hui Tang ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yi-Mei Fan ◽  
Li-Zhi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Radicals ◽  
Mitochondrial Swelling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cultured Hepatocytes ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Primary Cultured Hepatocytes ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

The hepatoprotective effects of the extract of Terminalia catappa L. leaves (TCE) against D-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury and the mechanisms underlying its protection were studied. In acute hepatic injury test, it was found that serum ALT activity was remarkably increased (3.35-fold) after injection of D-GalN in mice. But with oral pretreatment of TCE (20, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d) for 7 days, change in serum ALT was notably reversed. In primary cultured hepatocytes from fetal mice, it was found that cell viability was decreased by 45.0% after addition of D-GalN, while incubation with TCE (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) for 36 hours could prevent the decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, D-GalN-induced both the increase of AST level (1.9-fold) and the decrease of SOD activity (48.0%) in supernatant of primary cultured hepatocytes could also be inhibited by pretreatment with TCE. In order to study the possible mechanisms underlying its hepatoprotective effects, one effective component separated from TCE, 2α, 3β,23-trihydroxyursane-12-en-28-oic acid (DHUA), was used to determine anti-mitochondrial swelling activity and superoxide radicals scavenging activity in vitro. It was found that at the concentration range of 50–500 μmol/L DHUA, Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling was dose-dependently inhibited, and superoxide radicals scavenging activity was also shown in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that TCE has hepatoprotective activity and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects may be related to the direct mitochondrion protection and strong scavenging activity on reactive oxygen species (ROS).

scholarly journals Antioxidant and haematological potentials of fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of wistar rats after exposure to monosodium glutamate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Philemon C Anuforo ◽  
◽  
Anthony Cemaluk C Egbuonu ◽  
Elizabeth U Egu ◽  
Ejike Chukwunyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study investigated the antioxidant and haematological potentials of a fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of Wistar rats after acute exposure to monosodium glutamate. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats with mean weight of 120.61±15.15 g were divided into six groups (n=4). Group 1, the normal control (received distilled water), group II, the negative control (received 8mg MSG/g b.wt), group III, the extract control (received 300 mg extract/kg b.wt), group IV (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 100 mg extract/kg b.wt.), group V (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 300 mg kg-1 b.wt. extract) and group VI (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 500 mg extract/kg b.wt). Treatment was administered daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post-hoc test at p<0.05 and means were estimated and significant differences noted. DPPH antioxidant assay for the fruit wastes ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa endocarp revealed the extract produced 92.8% inhibition which is comparable to 96.07% inhibition produced by ascorbic acid at the same concentration, as well as, possessed FRAP activity in a concentration dependent manner. In vivo antioxidant assays carried out revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the MSG-treated group but the catalase (CAT) activity showed a non-significant decrease as compared to the normal control, confirming there was oxidative stress. However, treatment with the extract increased the activities of SOD and CAT perhaps due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids components. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in WBC and RBC and could be attributed to the potential of the extract to stimulate the immune system. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in MSG-extract co-administered rats showed a positive ameliorative effect of the extract in a dose dependent manner when compared to MSG group. Weight gain following extract administration was not dose dependent. The results showed that the fruit wastes had antioxidant potency and haematological potential. This bio-approach is promising as it solves the problem of environmental burden, as well as, serves economic benefits and hence, may become increasingly attractive.

scholarly journals Production and characterization of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola using catfish fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nguyen Luong Hieu Hoa ◽  
Le Quynh Loan ◽  
Vo Thanh Sang ◽  
Le Van Minh ◽  
Le Viet Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Seafood Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

Catfish fat is a high nutrition by-product of seafood processing industry. In this work, catfish fat has been used as a sustainable and economical raw material for sophorolipids production by Candida bombicola. Sophorolipids yield was maximum as 21.8g/L after 7 days of fermentation at 25oC, pH 6, 180 rpm. The obtained sophorolipids was to contained the main component as lactonic sophorolipids, which has been confirmed by Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Sophorolipids also exhibited the ability to resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed the ability of free radical scavenging the dose dependent manner with IC50 was 4.45 mg/ml. These results suggested that sophorolipids could be used in health care products and cosmetic. Catfish fat could be used as the low cost hydrophobic carbon source to replace fatty acid for sophorolipids production.

scholarly journals Crotonis Fructusand Its Constituent, Croton Oil, Stimulate Lipolysis in OP9 Adipocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mi-Seong Kim ◽  
Ha-Rim Kim ◽  
Hong-Seob So ◽  
Young-Rae Lee ◽  
Hyoung-Chul Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Croton Oil ◽  
Croton Tiglium ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Dose Dependent

Introduction. Crotonis fructus (CF) is the mature fruit ofCroton tigliumL. and has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbance in Asia. It is well known that the main component of CF is croton oil (CO). The present study is to investigate the effects of CF extracts (CFE) and CO on lipolysis in OP9 adipocytes.Methods. Glycerol release to the culture supernatants was used as a marker of adipocyte lipolysis.Results. Treatment with various concentrations of CFE and CO stimulates glycerol release in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in glycerol release by CFE is more potent than isoproterenol, which is aβ-adrenergic agonist as a positive control in our system. The increased lipolysis by CFE and CO was accompanied by an increase of phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase (pHSL) but not nonphosphorylated HSL protein and mRNA. Pretreatment with H89, which is a protein kinase A inhibitor, significantly abolished the CFE- and CO-induced glycerol release in OP9 adipocytes. These results suggest that CFE and CO may be a candidate for the development of a lipolysis-stimulating agent in adipocytes.

Status of Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Cortex and Testes, Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Cerebral Cortex and Sperm Parameters in Cadmium-Exposed Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N Makwana ◽  
S. S. Rao ◽  
U. D. Patel ◽  
C. M. Modi ◽  
H. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ppm Level

The present study was carried out to evaluate oxidative stress mediated pathophysiological alterations in brain cerebral cortex and testes of rats exposed to cadmium chloride at 15, 50 and 100 ppm in drinking water for 28 days. The activity of SOD in brain of rats of all toxicity groups was non- significantly decreased. The SOD activity in testes was significantly decreased in animals exposed to 50 and 100 ppm level of cadmium. The catalase activity in brain cerebral cortex and testes was significantly decreased in dose dependent manner. The GSH levels in brain and testes tissue were increased at all tested levels of exposure of cadmium. The acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of rats exposed all levels of Cd were significantly decreased. Cadmium exposure at 100 ppm level significantly reduced the total epididymal sperm count. However, the epididymal sperm motility was significantly reduced in rats exposed to all tested levels of cadmium. The different levels of cadmium exposure produced pathological lesions in brain cerebral cortex and testes which were remarkable at 100 ppm level of exposure as compared to other levels of exposure in rats. In conclusion, cadmium exposure at 100 ppm for 28 days in rats produced marked alterations in both brain and testes through oxidative insult.

scholarly journals Caryolan-1-ol, an antifungal volatile produced by Streptomyces spp., inhibits the endomembrane system of fungi

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 170075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeongjun Cho ◽  
Junheon Kim ◽  
Chung Gyoo Park ◽  
Corey Nislow ◽  
David M. Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endomembrane System ◽  
Chemical Genomics ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Antifungal Volatiles ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Volatile Terpene

Streptomyces spp. have the ability to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that interact with the environment. This study aimed to discover antifungal volatiles from the genus Streptomyces and to determine the mechanisms of inhibition. Volatiles identified from Streptomyces spp. included three major terpenes, geosmin, caryolan-1-ol and an unknown sesquiterpene. antiSMASH and KEGG predicted that the volatile terpene synthase gene clusters occur in the Streptomyces genome. Growth inhibition was observed when fungi were exposed to the volatiles. Biological activity of caryolan-1-ol has previously not been investigated. Fungal growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by a mixture of the main volatiles, caryolan-1-ol and the unknown sesquiterpene, from Streptomyces sp. S4–7. Furthermore, synthesized caryolan-1-ol showed similar antifungal activity. Results of chemical-genomics profiling assays showed that caryolan-1-ol affected the endomembrane system by disrupting sphingolipid synthesis and normal vesicle trafficking in the fungi.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress is reduced in Wistar rats exposed to smoke from tobacco and treated with specific broad-band pulse electromagnetic fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bajic ◽  
B. Bajic ◽  
Zorana Milicevic ◽  
Slavica Ristic ◽  
A. Nokolau
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Pulse Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Dose Dependent

There have been a number of attempts to reduce the oxidative radical burden of tobacco. A recently patented technology, pulse electromagnetic technology, has been shown to induce differential action of treated tobacco products versus untreated products on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. In a 90-day respiratory toxicity study, Wistar rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from processed and unprocessed tobacco and biomarkers of oxidative stress were compared with pathohistological analysis of rat lungs. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in a dose-dependent manner to 81% in rats exposed to smoke from normal cigarettes compared to rats exposed to treated smoke or the control group. These results correspond to pathohistological analysis of rat lungs, in which those rats exposed to untreated smoke developed initial signs of emphysema, while rats exposed to treated smoke showed no pathology, as in the control group. The promise of inducing an improved health status in humans exposed to smoke from treated cigarettes merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity and inhibition of aflatoxins production by Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil against Aspergillus flavus in stored maize grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Botião Nerilo ◽  
Jéssica Cristina Zoratto Romoli ◽  
Lydiana Polis Nakasugi ◽  
Natana Souza Zampieri ◽  
Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT: Essential oils are possible alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of fungal contamination. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) is known for having antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic properties, but its use as a fumigant in situ has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate GEO’s effects upon Aspergillus flavus as a fumigant agent in stored maize grains. The main compounds reported in GEO were α-zingiberene (23.85%) and geranial (14.16%), characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The GEO was used as a fumigant in irradiated maize grains in concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 µg/g and the resulting effects were compared to a synthetic antifungal agent (carbendazim and thiram), an antifungal traditionally used for seed treatment. The antifungal efficacy of GEO against A. flavus has been proven in a dose-dependent manner through in situ (maize grains) test. The GEO inhibited aflatoxin production at concentrations 25 and 50 µg/g and controlled fungal growth. Therefore, GEO can be used as an effective and non-toxic alternative to conventional treatments in stored maize grains for the natural control of A. flavus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document