scholarly journals Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Mohamed A. Elrayess ◽  
Luca Puce ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Sports And Exercise ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Sports Sciences

Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.

scholarly journals Association study of performance-related polymorphisms in Brazilian combat-sport athletes highlights variants in the GABPβ1 gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo L. F. Guilherme ◽  
Tacito P Souza-Junior ◽  
Antônio H Lancha Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
Sport Athlete ◽  
World Class ◽  
Control Association ◽  
Brazilian Cohort ◽  
Aerobic Energy Production

Combat sports have an intermittent nature, with mixed anaerobic and aerobic energy production. Here, we investigated whether polymorphisms that have been previously suggested as genetic markers for endurance or power phenotypes were associated with combat-sport athletic status. A total of 23 previously reported performance-related polymorphisms were examined in a Brazilian cohort of 1,129 individuals (164 combat-sport athletes and 965 controls), using a case-control association study. We found that the GABPβ1 gene (also known as NRF2) was associated with athletic status, with the minor G (rs7181866) and T (rs8031031) alleles overrepresented in athletes (P ≤ 0.003), especially among world-class competitors (P ≤ 0.0002). These findings indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the GABPβ1 gene increase the likelihood of an individual being a combat-sport athlete, possibly due to a better mitochondrial response to intermittent exercises.

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Coal Properties in Terms of Gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Marciniak-Kowalska ◽  
Tomasz Niedoba ◽  
Agnieszka Surowiak ◽  
Tadeusz Tumidajski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Coal Properties ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Abstract This paper presents a comparative analysis of two types of coal taken from the ZG Janina and ZG Wieczorek coalmines. The aim of this study has been to analyze the suitability of the coal in the context of the gasification process. The types of coal vary considerably in terms of their characteristics. Each of them was subjected to treatment in a ten-ringed annular jig. A particle size of 0-18 mm constituted the feed. The separated coal was divided into five layers, each of them containing material from two additional annular jigs. Analysis of their characteristics was carried out for each of the five layers and for both types of coal obtained, taking into account both their physicochemical properties as well as chemical ones. Each of these characteristics was then presented in three-dimensional surface diagrams, where the ordinate (or Y-axis) and abscissa (X-axis) was the particle size and height in which the material ended up in the jig (expressed as a percentage of the total height of the device). On the basis of observations, it was found that the types of coal have different potential for gasification, although both types are within the limits specified on the basis of previous studies. A correlation analysis between particle size and remaining characteristics of coal was carried out for each of the layers, allowing to determine which of the studied characteristics induced changes significant from the point of view of the coal gasification process. The entire research and observation was supported by conclusions and findings, which shall form the basis for further, in-depth analysis of coal.

scholarly journals Combining first- and third-person data in Sports Sciences in France: analysis of an original methodology

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Brice Favier-Ambrosini ◽  
Matthieu Quidu
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Core Group ◽  
Interdisciplinary Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Epistemological Analysis ◽  
Sports Sciences

Classically studied from independent methodologies and compartmentalized research programs, first person data (documenting the actor’s personal experience from his own standpoint) and third-person data (data produced from the point of view of an outside observer, without reference to what the actor can feel and independently of his own point of view) have been braided together this past decade with a view to access a more complete and complex outlook on actions. How exactly has the field of French Sports Sciences contributed to the propagation of this original methodology consisting in confronting heterogeneous materials? Our epistemological analysis investigates the social and epistemic conditions of its genesis (progressive conquest of diversified subjects, reference to exemplar studies, dissemination from a core group of authors, etc.) until the establishment of an activity close to normal science. It also formalizes the diversity of the methods of joint analysis between these data (correlation, heuristic discordance, etc.) before evaluating the knowledge effects specifically generated (reinforcement of robustness through triangulation, discovery of new regularities, transformation of intervention practices, etc.). Ultimately, combining first and third-person descriptions is an actual example of a genuinely interdisciplinary practice.

Construct Validity of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire Responses: Relations to External Criteria

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
School Students ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
Sports And Exercise ◽  
Highly Correlated

The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) is a multidimensional physical self-concept instrument with 11 scales: Strength, Body Fat, Activity, Endurance/Fitness, Sports Competence, Coordination, Health, Appearance, Flexibility, Global Physical, and Global Esteem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the construct validity of PSDQ responses in relation to 23 external criteria, including measures of body composition, physical activity, endurance, strength, and flexibility for 192 (113 boys and 79 girls) high school students. Each external validity criterion was predicted a priori to be most highly correlated with one of the PSDQ scales. In support of the convergent validity of the PSDQ responses, every predicted correlation was statistically significant. In support of the discriminant validity of the PSDQ responses, most predicted correlations were larger than other correlations involving the same criterion. These results support the construct validity of PSDQ responses in relation to external criteria and their potential usefulness in a wide variety of sports and exercise settings.

Indices for scaling and predicting weathering-induced changes in rock properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Aydin ◽  
Nurdan S. Duzgoren-Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Variable Properties ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Common ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract This paper presents a critical review of microfabric, physical and chemical indices for scaling and predicting weathering-induced changes in rock properties. The common goal of these indices is mainly to condense complexities to numbers that can be plotted against each other and against engineering properties or weathering grades to determine if trends exist. However, a purely statistical evaluation to establish smooth trends in such highly variable properties is deceptive. No single index is valid or remains unaffected over the whole spectrum of weathered states. Combination of indices aimed at determining grade boundaries may also be misleading unless accompanied by detailed descriptions of microfabric and mineralogical observations. The presented index classifications highlight the nature and scope of indices and provide guidance for compatible and complementary combinations. The meaning and adequacy of criteria used in classifications of residual soils and weathered rocks are reexamined from the point of view of the fundamental differences inherent in their microfabric.

scholarly journals Genetic Markers Associated with Power Athlete Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo ◽  
Paweł Cięszczyk ◽  
Jakub Chycki ◽  
Marek Sawczuk ◽  
Wojciech Smółka
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genetic Profiles

AbstractAthletic performance is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by environmental factors as well as multiple genetic variants. Different genetic elements have a great influence over components of athletic performance such as endurance, strength, power, flexibility, neuromuscular coordination, psychological traits and other features important in sport. The current literature review revealed that to date more than 69 genetic markers have been associated with power athlete status. For the purpose of the present review we have assigned all genetic markers described with reference to power athletes status to seven main groups: 1) markers associated with skeletal muscle structure and function, 2) markers involved in the inflammatory and repair reactions in skeletal muscle during and after exercise, 3) markers involved in blood pressure control, 4) markers involved in modulation of oxygen uptake, 5) markers that are regulators of energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis, 6) markers encoding factors that control gene expression by rearrangement of chromatin fibers and mRNA stability, and 7) markers modulating cellular signaling pathways. All data presented in the current review provide evidence to support the notion that human physical performance may be influenced by genetic profiles, especially in power sports. The current studies still represent only the first steps towards a better understanding of the genetic factors that influence power-related traits, so further analyses are necessary before implementation of research findings into practice.

scholarly journals General-Conceptual Aspects Regarding the Modernization of Motor Action Theory in Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Veaceslav Manolachi ◽  
Nicolai Vizitei ◽  
Victor Manolachi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Important Object ◽  
The Times ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Sports Sciences

The motor action is the most important object of study in the sports sciences, where most of the times is analyzed in terms of positivism. It is found that such an analysis is generally constructive; however on the general-conceptual level is insufficient. The philosophical-anthropological approach, where the motor action is researched as a human act performed on a large scale is much more appropriate. This approach allows studying the basic particularities of the motor action, where in the sports sciences, usually remain out of the way of researcher attention: the spontaneity of the motor activity, the ethical character of the space where the motor action is performed, etc. In the article, the opinion on the necessity and possibility of the modernization of sports sciences is argued from philosophical-anthropological approach point of view.

scholarly journals Functionally Significant Features in the 5′ Untranslated Region of the ABCA1 Gene and Their Comparison in Vertebrates

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvorak ◽  
Leupen ◽  
Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Abca1 Gene ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽  
Structure Conservation

Single nucleotide polymorphisms located in 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) can regulate gene expression and have clinical impact. Recognition of functionally significant sequences within 5′UTRs is crucial in next-generation sequencing applications. Furthermore, information about the behavior of 5′UTRs during gene evolution is scarce. Using the example of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene (Tangier disease), we describe our algorithm for functionally significant sequence finding. 5′UTR features (upstream start and stop codons, open reading frames (ORFs), GC content, motifs, and secondary structures) were studied using freely available bioinformatics tools in 55 vertebrate orthologous genes obtained from Ensembl and UCSC. The most conserved sequences were suggested as hot spots. Exon and intron enhancers and silencers (sc35, ighg2 cgamma2, ctnt, gh-1, and fibronectin eda exon), transcription factors (TFIIA, TATA, NFAT1, NFAT4, and HOXA13), some of them cancer related, and microRNA (hsa-miR-4474-3p) were localized to these regions. An upstream ORF, overlapping with the main ORF in primates and possibly coding for a small bioactive peptide, was also detected. Moreover, we showed several features of 5′UTRs, such as GC content variation, hairpin structure conservation or 5′UTR segmentation, which are interesting from a phylogenetic point of view and can stimulate further evolutionary oriented research.

Optically Induced Conductivity Changes in Amorphous Silicon: A Historical Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Staebler
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Optically Induced

ABSTRACTA historical perspective of the discovery of optically induced changes in amorphous silicon is presented in this paper from my personal point of view. It includes the story of how Chris Wronski and I discovered the effect, the key elements in our R&D environment that lead to our quick realization that the effect was reversible and reproducible, how our research environment supported the rapid publication of our first paper, and a brief look at the effect from today's perspective.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Carnosinase Genes (CNDP1 and CNDP2) are Associated With Power Athletic Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Limongi França Guilherme ◽  
Antonio Herbert Lancha
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Athletic Status ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minor Alleles ◽  
Representative Cohort

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), abundantly found in skeletal muscle, plays an important role during exercise, especially for high-intensity contractions. Variability in muscle carnosine content between individuals exists and may also be explained by different genetic bases, although no study has addressed the association of polymorphisms in genes related to carnosine metabolism in athletes. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the carnosinase genes (CNDP1 and CNDP2) in a large Brazilian cohort of athletes and nonathletes. Eight SNPs were compared between a representative cohort of elite athletes from Brazil (n = 908) and a paired group of nonathletes (n = 967). The athletes were stratified into three groups: endurance (n = 328), power (n = 415), and combat (n = 165). The CNDP2 rs6566810 (A/A genotype) is overrepresented in endurance athletes, but only in international-level endurance athletes. Three SNPs (CNDP2 rs3764509, CNDP2-CNDP1 rs2346061, and CNDP1 rs2887) were overrepresented in power athletes compared with nonathletes. Carriers of the minor allele had an increased odds ratio of being a power athlete. For the rs2346061, no significant difference was observed in genotype frequencies between power and combat sports athletes, but for rs2887 the power and combat groups showed an inverse genotype distribution. In conclusion, we found that minor alleles carriers for CNDP2 rs3764509 (G-allele), CNDP2-CNDP1 rs2346061 (C-allele), and CNDP1 rs2887 (A-allele) are more likely to be a power athlete. These polymorphisms may be novel genetic markers for power athletes. Furthermore, these results are suggestive of a distinct CNDP genotype for sporting development.

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