scholarly journals Choriocapillaris Changes Are Correlated With Disease Duration and MoCA Score in Early-Onset Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuting Zhang ◽  
William Robert Kwapong ◽  
Tang Yang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Qingzhang Tuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Onset Dementia

Purpose: Imaging of the choroid may detect the microvascular changes associated with early-onset dementia (EOD) and may represent an indicator for detection of the disease. We aimed to analyze the in vivo choriocapillaris (CC) flow density in EOD patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and evaluate the association with its clinical measures.Methods: This cross-sectional study used the OCTA to image and analyze the choriocapillaris (CC) of 25 EOD patients and 20 healthy controls. Choriocapillaris flow density in the 3 mm area and 6 mm area was measured by an inbuilt algorithm in the OCT tool. Brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment was done and recorded.Results: Significantly reduced capillary flow density of the choriocapillaris was seen in EOD patients when compared to healthy controls in the 3.0 mm (P = 0.001) and 6.0 mm (P < 0.001) area respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in EOD patients positively correlated with choriocapillaris flow density in the 3 mm area (Rho = 0.466, P = 0.021). Disease duration of EOD patients also negatively correlated with choriocapillaris density in the 3 mm area (Rho = −0.497, P = 0.008).Discussion: Our report suggests that choriocapillaris damage may be a potential indicator of early-onset dementia. Microvascular impairment may be involved in the early phase of dementia without aging playing a role in its impairment.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000041386.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Erythroid Disturbance and Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Psoriasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Demir Pektas ◽  
Gokhan Pektas ◽  
Kursad Tosun ◽  
Gursoy Dogan ◽  
Salim Neselioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Blood Pressures

This study aims to assess how mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), and thiol-disulphide homeostasis are altered in psoriasis patients. This is a cross-sectional review of 76 healthy volunteers and 87 psoriasis patients who were consecutively admitted to the department of dermatology. Psoriasis patients and healthy controls were statistically similar with respect to age, sex, body mass index, blood pressures, and disease duration (p>0.05for all). When compared to healthy controls, psoriasis patients had significantly higher MCV, RDW, C-reactive protein (CRP), disulphide, disulphide/native thiol, and disulphide/total thiol (p<0.001for all). However, psoriasis patients had significantly lower native thiol and native thiol/total thiol (p=0.009andp<0.001, respectively). When compared to healthy controls, the patients with Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) ≤ 10 and patients with PASI > 10 had significantly higher MCV, disulphide, disulphide/native thiol, and disulphide/total thiol (p<0.001for all). The patients with PASI ≤ 10 and patients with PASI > 10 had significantly lower native thiol/native thiol than healthy controls (p<0.001for all). The psoriasis patients with PASI > 10 had significantly higher RDW and CRP than healthy controls and patients with PASI ≤ 10 (p<0.001for all). Disulphide, disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol correlate significantly with both PASI scores and disease duration. Thiol-disulphide homeostasis is enhanced in psoriasis patients. Ongoing inflammation and increased oxidative stress in psoriasis patients also trigger the formation of prooxidants which are neutralized by antioxidants such as thiols. That is why plasma thiol levels are decreased in psoriasis patients.

scholarly journals Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as New Diagnostic Markers for Detection of Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis in Full-term Newborns.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Mohamed Sabry Abdelsalam Mahmoud ◽  
Gamal Baheeg ◽  
Mohammed Abdelhakeem ◽  
Hadir Haroun Ahmed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in term neonates and its impact on management of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EOS).Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 40 term neonates diagnosed with EOS compared with 40 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were prematurity, post- maturity, small or large for gestational age according to week of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, chorioamnionitis, congenital major anomalies, and cyanotic congenital heart disease. Results: A total of 80 term neonates were included in the study. Of these, 40 were diagnosed with EOS and 40 were healthy controls. NLR and PLR as predictors of early-onset neonatal sepsis, sensitivity of NLR was 67% and PLR was 70% and specificity of NLR was 99% and PLR was 73% and PPV of NLR was 98%, PLR was 72%. There is a significant weak positive correlation between platelets and sepsis, significant fair positive correlation between WBCs and PLR with sepsis, significant moderate positive correlation between immature neutrophils, I.T and NLR with sepsis, finally a significant negative fair correlation between lymphocytes and sepsis.Conclusions: NLRs and PLRs were positively correlated with EOS in term neonates, and these ratios can be used as diagnostic adjunct tests for neonate EOS workups.

scholarly journals Cortical grey matter sodium accumulation is associated with disability and secondary progressive disease course in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace J Brownlee ◽  
Bhavana Solanky ◽  
Ferran Prados ◽  
Marios Yiannakas ◽  
Patricia Da Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter

ObjectiveSodium (23Na)-MRI is an emerging imaging technique to investigate in vivo changes in tissue viability, reflecting neuroaxonal integrity and metabolism. Using an optimised 23Na-MRI protocol with smaller voxel sizes and improved tissue contrast, we wanted to investigate whether brain total sodium concentration (TSC) is a biomarker for long-term disease outcomes in a cohort of patients with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), followed from disease onset.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study in 96 patients followed up ~ 15 years after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 34 healthy controls. Disease course was classified as CIS, relapsing-remitting MS or secondary progressive MS (SPMS). We acquired 1H-MRI and 23Na-MRI and calculated the TSC in cortical grey matter (CGM), deep grey matter, normal-appearing white matter (WM) and WM lesions. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent associations of tissue-specific TSC with physical disability and cognition, with adjustment for tissue volumes.ResultsTSC in all tissues was higher in patients with MS compared with healthy controls and patients who remained CIS, with differences driven by patients with SPMS. Higher CGM TSC was independently associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (R2=0.26), timed 25-foot walk test (R2=0.23), 9-hole peg test (R2=0.23), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (R2=0.29), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (R2=0.31) and executive function (R2=0.36) test scores, independent of grey matter atrophy.ConclusionsSodium accumulation in CGM reflects underlying neuroaxonal metabolic abnormalities relevant to disease course heterogeneity and disability in relapse-onset MS. TSC and should be considered as an outcome measure in future neuroprotection trials.

scholarly journals Identification of Immune Activation Markers in the Early Onset of COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes J. Kovarik ◽  
Anna K. Kämpf ◽  
Fabian Gasser ◽  
Anna N. Herdina ◽  
Monika Breuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Luminex Technology ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Medical University

This study aimed to determine the specific cytokine profile in peripheral blood during the early onset of COVID-19 infection. This was a cross-sectional exploratory, single center study. A total of 55 plasma samples were studied. Serum samples of adults showing symptoms of COVID-19 infection who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (CoV+, n=18) at the COVID-19 outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Vienna were screened for immune activation markers by Luminex technology. Additionally, age and gender-matched serum samples of patients displaying COVID-19 associated symptoms, but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-, n=16) as well as healthy controls (HC, n=21) were analyzed. COVID-19 positive (CoV+) patients showed a specific upregulation of BLC (141; 74-189 pg/mL), SCD30 (273; 207-576 pg/mL), MCP-2 (18; 12-30 pg/mL) and IP-10 (37; 23-96 pg/mL), compared to patients with COVID19-like symptoms but negative PCR test (CoV-), BLC (61; 22-100 pg/mL), sCD30L (161; 120-210 pg/mL), MCP-2 (8; 5-12 pg/mL) and IP-10 (9; 6-12 pg/mL) and healthy controls (HC) (BLC 22; 11-36 pg/mL, sCD30 74; 39-108 pg/mL, MCP-2 6; 3-9. pg/mL, IP-10 = 8; 5-13). The markers APRIL, sIL-2R, IL7, MIF, MIP-1b, SCF, SDF-1a, sTNF-RII were elevated in both CoV+ and CoV- patient groups compared to healthy controls. HGF, MDC and VEGF-A were elevated in CoV- but not CoV+ compared to healthy controls. BLC, sCD30, MCP-2 and IP-10 are specifically induced during early stages of COVID-19 infection and might constitute attractive targets for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Determinants of Caregiver Burden in Early-Onset Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Annalisa Chiari ◽  
Barbara Pistoresi ◽  
Chiara Galli ◽  
Manuela Tondelli ◽  
Giulia Vinceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Spousal Relationship ◽  
Status Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Caregivers of patients with early-onset dementia (EOD) experience high levels of burden, which is known to be affected by caregivers’ psychological features as well as by patients’ and caregivers’ demographical and social variables. Although potential clinical, demographical, and social determinants have been separately examined, it is not known how they reciprocally interact. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ninety-two consecutive patient-caregiver dyads were recruited from the Cognitive Neurology Clinics of Modena, Northern Italy. Caregivers were asked to fill in questionnaires regarding their burden, psychological distress, and family economic status. Data were analyzed with multivariable regression models and then entered in a mediation model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Caregiver burden was positively related to female caregiver sex, spousal relationship to the patient, severity of patient’s behavioral symptoms, diagnostic delay, and financial distress of the family. It was negatively related to disease duration, patient’s education, region of birth, caregiver age, number of caregiver’s days off work, number of offspring, and caregiver perception of patient’s quality of life. While the effect of caregiver age, diagnostic delay, and of proxies of family or social network directly impacted on caregiver’s burden, the effect of patient’s disease duration, being a wife caregiver, financial distress, and number of caregiver’s days off work was entirely mediated by the level of caregiver psychological distress. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Both direct actions (such as increasing social networks and shortening diagnostic delay) and indirect actions aimed at reducing psychological distress (such as increasing the number of caregiver’s days off work and financial support) should be planned to reduce caregiver’s burden.

scholarly journals Increased Transvascular Lipoprotein Transport in Diabetes: Association with Albuminuria and Systolic Hypertension

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 4441-4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Skov Jensen ◽  
Bo Feldt-Rasmussen ◽  
Knut Borch-Johnsen ◽  
Kurt Svarre Jensen ◽  
Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ldl Transport ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context: Diabetes is associated with a highly increased risk of atherosclerosis, especially if hypertension or albuminuria is present. Objective: We hypothesized that the increased transvascular lipoprotein transport in diabetes may be further accelerated if hypertension or albuminuria is present, possibly explaining increased intimal lipoprotein accumulation and thus atherosclerosis. Design: The study was cross-sectional and was performed in 1999–2002. Setting: The study took place in the referral center. Patients: The patients included 60 with diabetes mellitus (27 with type 1 diabetes and 33 with type 2 diabetes) and 42 healthy controls. All were randomly recruited. Main Outcome Measure: We used an in vivo method for measurement of transvascular transport of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Autologous 131I-LDL was reinjected iv, and the 1-h fractional escape rate was taken as an index of transvascular transport. Results: Transvascular LDL transport was 1.8 (1.6–2.0), 2.3 (2.0–2.6), and 2.6 (1.3–4.0)%/[h × (liter/m2)] in healthy controls, diabetic controls, and diabetes patients with systolic hypertension or albuminuria, respectively (P = 0.013; F = 4.5; df =2; ANOVA). These differences most likely were not caused by altered hepatic LDL receptor expression, glycosylation of LDL, small LDL size, or medicine use. Conclusions: Transvascular LDL transport is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus, especially if systolic hypertension or albuminuria is present. Accordingly, lipoprotein flux into the arterial wall could be increased in these patients, possibly explaining accelerated development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Potential markers for sample size estimations in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Lin ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhixian Ye ◽  
Jianping Hu ◽  
Wenjie Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mri Features

Abstract Background Aim to identify potential biomarkers to assess therapeutic efficacy for hereditary spastic paraplegias type 5 (SPG5) by investigating the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to compare SPG5 patients with age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent conventional and quantitative MRI techniques of spinal cord (C1-T9) and brain. SPG5 patients also underwent assessment for clinical status and CSF biomarkers (27-hydroxycholesterol, neurofilament light). We identified a set of markers with standardized effect sizes (|t|> 0.5) to estimate sample sizes for disease progression (disease duration > 14 years vs. ≤ 14 years). Results Seventeen genetically confirmed SPG5 patients (11 men, 6 women; age range, 13–49 years; median disease duration, 14 years) were enrolled. Compared to healthy controls, the total spinal cord area (SCA) of SPG5 patients was reduced particularly at the thoracic levels (cervical levels: 12–27%; thoracic levels 41–60%). Patients did not show significant alterations of brain signal abnormalities or atrophy relative to controls. A total of 10 surrogate markers were selected and a minimum sample size was achieved with the measurement of SCA on T9 (n = 22) much less that what would be required if using clinical disability assessment (n = 124). Conclusions SPG5 patients showed distinct MRI features of spinal cord atrophy without significant brain alterations. Our finding supports the measurements of spinal cord on T9 level as potential endpoint for SPG5 clinical trials. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04006418. Registered 05 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04006418?term=NCT04006418&draw=2&rank=1.

scholarly journals Forebrain Shh overexpression improves cognitive function in a Down syndrome mouse model and euploid littermates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng J. Gao ◽  
Donna Klinedinst ◽  
Bei Cheng ◽  
Alena Savonenko ◽  
Benjamin Devenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Shh Signaling ◽  
Early Onset Dementia

SummaryPeople with Down syndrome (DS) have intellectual disability, early-onset dementia, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Trisomic cerebellar granule cell precursors from Ts65Dn, a mouse model of DS, had a deficit in mitogenic response to Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in vitro, and newborn Ts65Dn mice received a single subcutaneous injection of the Shh signaling agonist SAG had normalized cerebellar morphology and improved spatial learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity at adult. However, cognitive effects of Shh overexpression in vivo and where SAG acts to improve cognitive outcomes of trisomy are unknown. Here, we created an inducible human Shh (hShh) knock-in mouse, TRE-bi-hShh-Zsgreen1 (TRE-hShh), expressing dually-lipidated Shh-Np in the presence of transactivator (tTA). Double transgenic mice, Camk2a-tTA;TRE-hShh (Camk2a-hShh) and Pcp2-tTA;TRE-hShh (Pcp2-hShh), increased Shh signaling in forebrain and cerebellum, respectively. Forebrain Shh overexpression normalized hyperactivity, and spatial learning and memory deficits in 3-month-old Ts65Dn, while Shh overexpression in cerebellum had no effect. Further, Camk2a-hShh delayed early-onset severe cognitive impairment in 7-month-old Ts65Dn and enhanced spatial cognition in euploid (Eu) and showed no effect on the longevity of Eu or Ts65Dn, and MRI demonstrated that Pcp2-hShh mitigated disproportionately small cerebellum in Ts65Dn. Finally, Ts65Dn at postnatal day 6 had reduced Gli1 levels in hippocampus and cerebellum, which could be at least partially rescued by Camk2a-hShh and Pcp2-hShh, respectively. Our findings suggest restoration of impaired Shh signaling in forebrain from the perinatal and early postnatal period improves cognitive function.

Hair cell changes after cationic stimulation of corti's organ

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Cesar D. Fermin ◽  
Hans-Peter Zenner
Keyword(s):  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
High K ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Cell Changes

Contraction of outer and inner hair cells (OHC&IHC) in the Organ of Corti (OC) of the inner ear is necessary for sound transduction. Getting at HC in vivo preparations is difficult. Thus, isolated HCs have been used to study OHC properties. Even though viability has been shown in isolated (iOHC) preparations by good responses to current and cationic stimulation, the contribution of adjoining cells can not be explained with iOHC preparations. This study was undertaken to examine changes in the OHC after expossure of the OHC to high concentrations of potassium (K) and sodium (Na), by carefully immersing the OC in either artifical endolymph or perilymph. After K and Na exposure, OCs were fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium, separated into base, middle and apex and embedded in Araldite™. One μm thick sections were prepared for analysis with the light and E.M. Cross sectional areas were measured with Bioquant™ software.Potassium and sodium both cause isolated guinea pig OHC to contract. In vivo high K concentration may cause uncontrolled and sustained contractions that could contribute to Meniere's disease. The behavior of OHC in the vivo setting might be very different from that of iOHC. We show here changes of the cell cytosol and cisterns caused by K and Na to OHC in situs. The table below shows results from cross sectional area measurements of OHC from OC that were exposed to either K or Na. As one would expect, from the anatomical arrangement of the OC, OHC#l that are supported by rigid tissue would probably be displaced (move) less than those OHC located away from the pillar. Surprisingly, cells in the middle turn of the cochlea changed their surface areas more than those at either end of the cochlea. Moreover, changes in surface area do not seem to differ between K and Na treated OCs.

STUDY OF RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS THE RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Van Chuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Background: A Research glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal scanning 99mTc-DTPA glomerular filtration rate at the hospital 175. Objective: (1) To study characteristics of imaging of renal function. (2) Understanding the relationship between GFR with blood sugar, HbA1c, blood pressure and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Clinical examination, Clinical tests and 99mTc-DTPA GFR gamma - camera renography for patients. Result: GFR of the study group was 75,4 ± 22,3 ml/phut/1,73m2, the left kidney was 35,0 ± 13,0 is lower than the right kidney and 39,8 ± 11,9; p <0,01. There is no correlation between GFR with blood glucose and HbA1c, the risk of reduced GFR in hypertensive group associated is OR = 6,5 with p<0,01; albuminuria (+) is OR = 4,2 with p <0,01; and disease duration > 10 years is OR = 3,5 with p <0.01. Conclusion: GFR of the left kidneys is lower than the right kidney; correlation decreased GFR associated with hypertension, albuminuria and disease duration. Keywords: GFR, diabetes, albuminuria

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