scholarly journals Assessing a Sensory-Motor-Cognition Triad in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment With Dichotic Listening While Walking: A Dual-Task Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Gorecka ◽  
Olena Vasylenko ◽  
Knut Waterloo ◽  
Claudia Rodríguez-Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hearing Acuity ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

A contemporary topic in aging research relates to the significance of cognitive changes proper to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to higher risk of falls and gait deteriorations. The present study addresses this question in the amnestic type of MCI (aMCI) by examining a triad of interrelated comorbidities occurring in the MCI condition: attentional impairments, hearing loss and gait disturbances. To this end, we applied a dichotic listening (DL) test during over-ground walking. DL assesses spontaneous and lateralized auditory attention in three conditions (i.e., free report or Non-forced (NF), Forced-Right (FR) ear and Forced-Left (FL) ear). Earlier reports suggest that this dual-task paradigm evoke asymmetric gait effects on healthy controls, which are moderated by degree of hearing loss. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DL on bilateral (data from both limbs) and lateralized (each limb separately) gait outcomes in a group of forty-three aMCI participants (mean = 71.19) and fifty-two healthy older controls (mean = 70.90) by using hearing loss as a covariate in all analyses. Results showed the aMCI group presented overall compromised gait parameters, especially higher gait variability in all DL conditions during lateralized attentional control. These findings were observed bilaterally, and no lateralized effects on gait were observed. Only after controlling for hearing acuity, gait asymmetries on step length variability emerged almost exclusively in healthy controls. It was concluded that hearing loss in the aMCI group together with higher attentional impairments preclude aMCI individuals to properly execute DL and therefore, they do not display gait asymmetries. The present data demonstrate that varied demands on attentional control dependent on hearing acuity affects gait negatively in healthy older adults and aMCI individuals in very different ways. The appearance of asymmetric effects seems to be a perturbation related to normal aging, while the lack of asymmetries but exaggerated gait variability characterizes aMCI. The present findings show the intricate interplay of sensory, cognitive, and motor deteriorations in different group of older adults, which stresses the need of addressing co-occurring comorbidities behind gait perturbations in individuals prone to develop a dementia state.

scholarly journals Similar Theory of Mind Deficits in Community Dwelling Older Adults with Vascular Risk Profile and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Case of Paradoxical Sarcasm Comprehension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Glykeria Tsentidou ◽  
Despina Moraitou ◽  
Magda Tsolaki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

Recent studies deal with disorders and deficits caused by vascular syndrome in efforts for prediction and prevention. Cardiovascular health declines with age due to vascular risk factors, and this leads to an increasing risk of cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as the negative cognitive changes beyond what is expected in normal aging. The purpose of the study was to compare older adults with vascular risk factors (VRF), MCI patients, and healthy controls (HC) in social cognition and especially in theory of mind ability (ToM). The sample comprised a total of 109 adults, aged 50 to 85 years (M = 66.09, SD = 9.02). They were divided into three groups: (a) older adults with VRF, (b) MCI patients, and (c) healthy controls (HC). VRF and MCI did not differ significantly in age, educational level or gender as was the case with HC. Specifically, for assessing ToM, a social inference test was used, which was designed to measure sarcasm comprehension. Results showed that the performance of the VRF group and MCI patients is not differentiated, while HC performed higher compared to the other two groups. The findings may imply that the development of a vascular disorder affecting vessels of the brain is associated from its “first steps” to ToM decline, at least regarding specific aspects of it, such as paradoxical sarcasm understanding.

Self-Reference Effect and Self-Reference Recollection Effect for Trait Adjectives in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Carson ◽  
R. Shayna Rosenbaum ◽  
Morris Moscovitch ◽  
Kelly J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
Encoding Strategies ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
Trait Adjective

AbstractObjectives: The self-reference effect (SRE), enhanced memory for self-related information, has been studied in healthy young and older adults but has had little investigation in people with age-related memory disorders, such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Self-referential encoding may help to improve episodic memory in aMCI. Additionally, self-referential processing has been shown to benefit recollection, the vivid re-experiencing of past events, a phenomenon that has been termed the self-reference recollection effect (SRRE; Conway & Dewhurst, 1995). Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the valence of stimuli influences the appearance of the SRE and SRRE. Methods: The current study investigated the SRE and SRRE for trait adjective words in 20 individuals with aMCI and 30 healthy older adult controls. Ninety trait adjective words were allocated to self-reference, semantic, or structural encoding conditions; memory was later tested using a recognition test. Results: While healthy older adults showed a SRE, individuals with aMCI did not benefit from self-referential encoding over and above that of semantic encoding (an effect of “deep encoding”). A similar pattern was apparent for the SRRE; healthy controls showed enhanced recollection for words encoded in the self-reference condition, while the aMCI group did not show specific benefit to recollection for self-referenced over semantically encoded items. No effects of valence were found. Conclusions: These results indicate that while memory for trait adjective words can be improved in aMCI with deep encoding strategies (whether self-reference or semantic), self-referencing does not provide an additional benefit. (JINS, 2018, 24, 821–832)

scholarly journals Correlates of Sleep Disturbance among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4862
Author(s):  
Dan Song ◽  
Doris S. F. Yu ◽  
Qiuhua Sun ◽  
Guijuan He
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comorbidity Burden

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk for dementia development. Sleep disturbance is often overlooked in MCI, although it is an important risk factor of cognitive decline. In the absence of a cure for dementia, managing the risk factors of cognitive decline in MCI is likely to delay disease progression. To develop interventions for sleep disturbance in MCI, its related factors should be explored. This study aimed to identify and compare the correlates of sleep disturbance in older adults with MCI and those in cognitively healthy older adults. A comparative cross-sectional study was adopted. Data were obtained from 219 Chinese community-dwelling older adults (female: 70.3%), which consisted of 127 older adults with MCI and 92 age-matched cognitively healthy controls. The candidate correlates of sleep disturbance included socio-demographic correlates, health-related factors, lifestyle-related factors and psychological factor. Descriptive, correlational and regression statistics were used for data analysis. The prevalence of sleep disturbance in MCI was 70.1% compared to that of 56.5% in cognitively healthy controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis indicated that, in participants with MCI, depressive symptoms (Beta = 0.297, p = 0.001), comorbidity burden (Beta = 0.215, p = 0.012) and physical activity (Beta = −0.297, p = 0.001) were associated with sleep disturbance. However, in the cognitively healthy controls, only depressive symptoms (Beta = 0.264, p = 0.028) and comorbidity burden (Beta = 0.361, p = 0.002) were associated with sleep disturbance. This finding highlights that sleep disturbance is sufficiently prominent to warrant evaluation and management in older adults with MCI. Furthermore, the findings elucidate several important areas to target in interventions aimed at promoting sleep in individuals with MCI.

scholarly journals Daily Activity Abilities in MCI, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Healthy Controls

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Avila ◽  
Amina Flowers ◽  
Travis M. Scott ◽  
Jill Quilici ◽  
Liana G. Apostolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Amci Group

Abstract. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk state for dementia. The present study assessed daily functioning in MCI individuals (amnestic [aMCI] and nonamnestic [naMCI]) relative to those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy controls (NC). Twenty AD participants, 14 aMCI, 12 naMCI, and 30 healthy controls were administered the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS). The AD group performed poorer than all groups on all DAFS subscales. The aMCI group performed poorer than controls on the shopping subtests, while the naMCI group performed poorer than controls on only the free recall shopping. Finally, DAFS subscales discriminated the AD and aMCI groups well, but only recognition shopping discriminated between naMCI and aMCI individuals. These findings suggest that circumscribed ADL deficits distinguish subtypes of MCI and AD.

P1-424: Hearing Loss Treatment in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P597-P598
Author(s):  
Sara K. Mamo ◽  
Esther S. Oh ◽  
Carrie Price ◽  
Nicholas S. Reed ◽  
Dona Occhipinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Screening Tests in Audiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shen ◽  
Melinda C. Anderson ◽  
Kathryn H. Arehart ◽  
Pamela E. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening

Purpose The population of the United States is aging. Those older adults are living longer than ever and have an increased desire for social participation. As a result, audiologists are likely to see an increased demand for service by older clients whose communication difficulty is caused by a combination of hearing loss and cognitive impairment. For these individuals, early detection of mild cognitive impairment is critical for providing timely medical intervention and social support. Method This tutorial provides information about cognition of older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive screening tests, with the purpose of assisting audiologists in identifying and appropriately referring potential cases of cognitive impairment. Results Topics addressed also include how to administer cognitive screening tests on individuals with hearing loss, how to use test results in audiology practice, and the potential of using cognitive screening tests for evaluating the benefit of clinical interventions. Conclusions As health care professionals who serve the aging population, audiologists are likely to encounter cases of undiagnosed cognitive impairment. In order to provide timely referral for medical assistance as well as an optimized individual outcome of audiologic interventions, audiologists should be trained to recognize an abnormality in older clients' cognitive status.

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