scholarly journals Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Legros ◽  
Grace Tang ◽  
Jacques Gautrais ◽  
Maria Paz Fernandez ◽  
Séverine Trannoy
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

In competition for food, mates and territory, most animal species display aggressive behavior through visual threats and/or physical attacks. Such naturally-complex social behaviors have been shaped by evolution. Environmental pressure, such as the one imposed by dietary regimes, forces animals to adapt to specific conditions and ultimately to develop alternative behavioral strategies. The quality of the food resource during contests influence animals' aggression levels. However, little is known regarding the effects of a long-term dietary restriction-based environmental pressure on the development of alternative fighting strategies. To address this, we employed two lines of the wild-type Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S (CS) which originated from the same population but raised under two distinct diets for years. One diet contained both proteins and sugar, while the second one was sugar-free. We set up male-male aggression assays using both CS lines and found differences in aggression levels and the fighting strategies employed to establish dominance relationships. CS males raised on a sugar-containing diet started fights with a physical attack and employed a high number of lunges for establishing dominance but displayed few wing threats throughout the fight. In contrast, the sugar-free-raised males favored wing threats as an initial aggressive demonstration and used fewer lunges to establish dominance, but displayed a higher number of wing threats. This study demonstrates that fruit flies that have been raised under different dietary conditions have adapted their patterns of aggressive behavior and developed distinct fighting strategies: one favoring physical attacks, while the other one favoring visual threats.

scholarly journals Existence and Exploitability of Financial Analysts' Informational Leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Baule ◽  
Hannes Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Trading Strategies ◽  
Information Share ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information Shares ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

This paper bridges two recent studies on the role of analysts to provide new and relevant information to investors. On the one hand, the contribution of analysts to long-term price discovery on the US market is rather low. Considering earnings per share forecasts as the main output of analysts’ reports, their information share amounts to only 4.6% on average. On the other hand, trading strategies set up on these EPS forecasts are quite profitable. Self-financing portfolios yield excess returns of more than 5% over the S&P 100 index for a time period of 36 years, which is persistent after controlling for the well-known risk factors. In this paper, we discuss the link between the low information shares and the high abnormal returns. We argue that information shares of analysts cannot be higher, because otherwise their forecasts would lead to excessively profitable trading strategies which are very unlikely to persist over such a long period of time.

scholarly journals Quality of learners at the start of each educational process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdennasser Naji
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
True Value ◽  
Previous Cycle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

The education system is organized in the form of cycles, each feeding the one following it with learners. They will continue their studies in the destination cycle, and their future will certainly depend, at least in part, on the quality of the skills acquired in the previous cycle. Given the divergences and disparities existing between the different cycles mainly due to the fact that each responds to its own design logic and in the absence of coordination between them, there is a huge lack of quality to gain at the interface of the cycles . The referral system that plays the role of supply service needs to be updated to strengthen educational quality, but it is not the only one. It is also necessary to help the orienting staff to assess the quality of the learners at its true value, to set up partnership links between the cycles to help each other in favor of quality, and to set up reception control systems at the entry of each cycle, supported by corrective and preventive measures.

DOZ047.62: Fixed the gap, solved the problem? Children operated on of esophageal atresia: what happen 3 years later

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bevilacqua ◽  
B Ragni ◽  
A Conforti ◽  
F Morini ◽  
A Dotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Meal Time ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Background With improvements in surgical care long-term morbidity of patients with esophageal atresia (EA) has been recently taken into account (Lees et al., 2018). Morbidities include gastrointestinal and respiratory complication, problems of nutrition and growth, feeding difficulties, oral aversion or food refusal (Menzies et al., 2016). Aim Purpose of this study is to explore eating problems and its implications at 3 years in infants born with esophageal atresia. Methods A retrospective study including all infants operated for EA at our Institution in the period ranging from January 2012 and January 2016 who attended our follow-up program. A specific interview was set up for the study. The interview was delivered by telephone by a trained psychologist. Results Parents of 51 children (male = 67%) were interviewed. Twenty-two percent of children showed a growth <10th percentile; 30% presented oral aversion for a period of their life; 45% still have episodes of chock during meals and 18% of these had more than one episode a week; 45% suffer of GERD and 41% experienced recurrent respiratory problems; 37% of parents experience anxiety during meals. Fifty-seven percent attended kindergarten (8% with a dedicated educator during meal time), and 92% attended preschool (26% with dedicated educator during meal time). Currently 67% of the families benefit of social facilities. Conclusions Three years after surgical repair of the structural defect, a high percentage of family still experience physical and psychological problems related to eating behavior of their children. Efforts of the health care team as well as research should focus on how to prevent eating problems and improve quality of life both of children and families.

Detection of mantle CO2 in an underground salt mine via long-term and high-resolution monitoring by laser-based isotope techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Axel Zimmer ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Isotope System

&lt;p&gt;Salt deposits may be affected by post-depositional CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; intrusions. In central Germany, such CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contributions from the mantle may originate from Tertiary Rh&amp;#246;n- and Vogelsberg-volcanism. The intrusion of those gases may cause technical and operational implications for storage caverns and salt mines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbon isotope compositions of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are useful tools to differentiate between sources and are expressed as &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values in &amp;#8240; versus an international standard known as the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). Typical average endmember values for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from the mantle are -5.1 &amp;#8240;, while background air and anthropogenic influences range around averages of -11.9 &amp;#8240; and -29.8&amp;#8240;. Detection of fluctuations between these endmembers can be challenging with discrete sampling. This can be overcome by high-temporal resolution and long-term monitoring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Towards this purpose, a laser-based isotope system was set up in an active underground salt mine in central Germany. For 34 days, continuous measurements of &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and concentrations of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were generated close to a site where mantle CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; intrusions were suspected. A timer regularly switched intakes from two capillaries, of which one was placed inside a borehole and the other in ambient air of the mine. Measured CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations ranged between 700 and 1600 ppmV, while &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values ranged between -21.5 &amp;#8240; and -11.5 &amp;#8240;. Lower concentrations coincided with more positive isotope values and occurred around weekends when anthropogenic influences in the mine were less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While influences of fresh air venting may have caused these weekly shifts, the admixture of mantle CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; seemed to play a continuous role. This is because small differences between the capillary from the borehole and the one with ambient air existed throughout the time series. Our results indicate that short-term dynamics on the order of hours to days are overlain by admixtures mantle gas intrusions of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hospital network and access to Night and Holiday Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Michał Celejewski ◽  
Jakub Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The One

Abstract Night and Holiday Patient Care is a place providing health services, necessary for securing patients’ medical needs in efficient way and round-the-clock. Units providing such care are located in selected hospitals chosen in connection with the introduction of the hospital network since October 1, 2017. The main aim of the study was comparison of changes that occurred in the area of location and access to Night and Holiday Patient Care after and before establishing hospital network. The analysis was based on a review of the relevant legal acts available on the ISAP website, scientific articles selected from the medical databases, as well as information published on the official websites of governmental agencies and entities offering night and holiday medical services. The introduction of the hospital network has changed the number, localization and availability of places providing Nights and Holiday Patient Care. These changes resulted in, on the one side, faster access to more specialized medical care, on the other, a reduction in the number of places in some cities. These changes require monitoring in terms of access and quality of basic care services during nights and holidays, so that in the long-term it can be determined whether the applied changes were beneficial from the perspective of the patient and the health care system.

scholarly journals A Warning Call for Fertility Preservation Methods for Women Undergoing Gonadotoxic Cancer Treatment

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Claudia Mehedintu ◽  
Francesca Frincu ◽  
Andreea Carp-Veliscu ◽  
Ramona Barac ◽  
Dumitru-Cristinel Badiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One

Malignant hematological conditions have recognized an increased incidence and require aggressive treatments. Targeted chemotherapy, accompanied or not by radiotherapy, raises the chance of defeating the disease, yet cancer protocols often associate long-term gonadal consequences, for instance, diminished or damaged ovarian reserve. The negative effect is directly proportional to the types, doses, time of administration of chemotherapy, and irradiation. Additionally, follicle damage depends on characteristics of the disease and patient, such as age, concomitant diseases, previous gynecological conditions, and ovarian reserve. Patients should be adequately informed when proceeding to gonadotoxic therapies; hence, fertility preservation should be eventually regarded as a first-intention procedure. This procedure is most beneficial when performed before the onset of cancer treatment, with the recommendation for embryos or oocytes’ cryopreservation. If not feasible or acceptable, several options can be available during or after the cancer treatment. Although not approved by medical practice, promising results after in vitro studies increase the chances of future patients to protect their fertility. This review aims to emphasize the mechanism of action and impact of chemotherapy, especially the one proven to be gonadotoxic, upon ovarian reserve and future fertility. Reduced fertility or infertility, as long-term consequences of chemotherapy and, particularly, following bone marrow transplantation, is often associated with a negative impact of recovery, social and personal life, as well as highly decreased quality of life.

scholarly journals HEWAN PELIHARAAN SEBAGAI HUMAN SUBSTITUTE DALAM KELUARGAJEPANG

KIRYOKU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fajria Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Pet Attachment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Awareness

Pets as  human substitute in Japanese family. This study aims to describe the Japanese society's view of pets, especially in relation to the substitution of the position of family members, especially children, in a family. This is in line with the emergence of a phenomenon whereby the presence of children in the family has been replaced by pets, especially for those who choose not to have children or elderly citizens. The method used is analytical descriptive method and literature study. From the analysis results, it is known that the presence of pets in lieu of the presence of friends, family members, even biological child (human substitute) for some Japanese is a necessity. On the one hand, this can be seen as something positive because it raises human awareness in animals. But on the other hand, this can be interpreted as a decrease in the quantity and quality of interaction among human beings, which in the long term can affect a person's ability to show empathy to others.Keywords: pet; pet attachment; human substitute

Cyber Physical direction of irrigated agriculture development 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Zeyliger ◽  
Olga Ermolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Until recently, new technologies introduced into irrigated agriculture were mainly aimed at developing one or several related control actions. However, the needs of society to increase the volume and improve the quality of agricultural products have led to significant qualitative changes in irrigated agriculture. The various robotic systems used for this have proven their effectiveness in the mechanization and automation of the irrigation process, as well as in the application of chemical fertilizers and chemical protection of agricultural crops from diseases and pests. This resulted in higher yields while lowering production costs.Nowadays, biotechnologies currently being developed and being introduced into irrigated agriculture, as well as systems for controlling and monitoring environmental impacts, are aimed at solving problems related to further increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources, while minimizing the risks of negative impact on components and services of the environment.This is largely due to the impact of the rapid development of IC and sensor technologies aimed at creating production management systems based on the cyber-physical systems (CPS) paradigm. For this, there are using a holistic vision of the structure and cybernetic methods of management, artificial intelligence technologies, as well as digital platforms for integrating information flows between sub-subsystems of management, control, monitoring and decision support.In this context, the main difference between developed agricultural CPSs from the existing industrial agricultural systems focused on current economic efficiency lies in the plane of making agricultural production sustainable in the long term based on a balance between economic efficiency and the quality of natural resources used and services of the environment. From this point of view, irrigated agriculture focuses on the efficient use of natural resources, which are water, soil and air, as well as renewable and non-renewable (fossil) energy. At the same time, weather are considered as the impact of the external environment providing an irreplaceable source of water, heat and energy resources but with stochastic characteristics that are difficult to formalize. In connection with this diversity, a CPSs are built taking into account a complex compromise that takes into account many aspects of the negative impact of intensive agricultural production technologies on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these resources, not only in the place of their use, but also on the external environment beyond these limits. In this regard, water resources are one of the most important factors necessary, on the one hand, to impart long-term sustainability to irrigated agriculture, and on the one hand, as a factor that can lead in the near future to a significant decrease in fertility, as well as to a negative impact on the environmental services of the surrounding area. This contribution discusses some points of the development of an agricultural irrigation CPS&amp;#8217; subsystem aimed to monitor the soil moisture content at the root zone of the soil cover at the scale of irrigated agricultural crops and their relationship with industrial sprinkling technologies.Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-29-05261 mk&lt;/p&gt;

Key Concepts in General Theory of Management in Innovative Society

2014 ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Ponukalin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The features of the modern world community in its transition to a phase-risk existence represent a socio- economic study on developing a model of an innovative society that is adequate to the conditions of the global crisis. A key problem of long-term development is the development of man, his social and natural environment but the key subjects of long-term planning are an innovative development and new quality of human capital since the quality of human capital is one of our competitive advantages. The economy must be innovative and the innovative economy must be created by “the innovative” person. Consequently such a person has to be available but for the moment there is no such massive phenomenon on a national scale. In terms of social and economic bases of social development the necessity of administration is determined by division of labor on the one hand and by the need for its cooperation on the other. The modern new paradigm of public administration is more likely based on the idea of more and more complete inclusion of a creative person into the structure of the subject of management connected with collective intelligence that transforms the society, as described in this chapter.

Special Bulletin: NDC Invest: Supporting Transformational Climate Policy and Finance in Latin American and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One

NDC Invest was created as the one-stop-shop of the IDB Group providing technical and financial support for countries in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) in their efforts to achieve the climate objectives under the Paris Agreement, seeking to transition to a net-zero, resilient, and sustainable development pathway that improves the quality of life and prosperity in LAC. We have recently published a paper that describes three NDC Invest products to support Governments to tackle challenges and scale up action towards a climate-aligned and sustainable development path. In this Special Bulletin, we provide a snapshot of our thee products: i) the design of Long-Term Strategies (LTS) for net-zero emissions and resilience; ii) design of ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligned to LTS; and iii) design of investment plans and finance strategies.

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