scholarly journals Distinct and Dissociable EEG Networks Are Associated With Recovery of Cognitive Function Following Anesthesia-Induced Unconsciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Bratislav Mišić ◽  
Kathleen Berkun ◽  
Catherine Duclos ◽  
Vijay Tarnal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia

The temporal trajectories and neural mechanisms of recovery of cognitive function after a major perturbation of consciousness is of both clinical and neuroscientific interest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate network-level changes in functional brain connectivity associated with the recovery and return of six cognitive functions after general anesthesia. High-density electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from healthy volunteers undergoing a clinically relevant anesthesia protocol (propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance), and age-matched healthy controls. A battery of cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning test, fractal-2-back, abstract matching, psychomotor vigilance test, digital symbol substitution test) was administered at baseline, upon recovery of consciousness (ROC), and at half-hour intervals up to 3 h following ROC. EEG networks were derived using the strength of functional connectivity measured through the weighted phase lag index (wPLI). A partial least squares (PLS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in these networks: (1) between anesthesia and control groups; (2) during the 3-h recovery from anesthesia; and (3) for each cognitive test during recovery from anesthesia. Networks were maximally perturbed upon ROC but returned to baseline 30–60 min following ROC, despite deficits in cognitive performance that persisted up to 3 h following ROC. Additionally, during recovery from anesthesia, cognitive tests conducted at the same time-point activated distinct and dissociable functional connectivity networks across all frequency bands. The results highlight that the return of cognitive function after anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is task-specific, with unique behavioral and brain network trajectories of recovery.

scholarly journals Resting-state brain network topological properties and the correlation with neuropsychological assessment in adolescent narcolepsy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fulong ◽  
Spruyt Karen ◽  
Lu Chao ◽  
Zhao Dianjiang ◽  
Zhang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Small World ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Network Properties

Abstract Study Objectives To evaluate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks, and to investigate the association between brain topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors in adolescent narcolepsy. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment were applied in 26 adolescent narcolepsy patients and 30 healthy controls. fMRI data were analyzed in three ways: group independent component analysis and a graph theoretical method were applied to evaluate topological properties within the whole brain. Lastly, network-based statistics was utilized for group comparisons in region-to-region connectivity. The relationship between topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors was analyzed with correlation analyses. Results In addition to sleepiness, depressive symptoms and impulsivity were detected in adolescent narcolepsy. In adolescent narcolepsy, functional connectivity was decreased between regions of the limbic system and the default mode network (DMN), and increased in the visual network. Adolescent narcolepsy patients exhibited disrupted small-world network properties. Regional alterations in the caudate nucleus (CAU) and posterior cingulate gyrus were associated with subjective sleepiness and regional alterations in the CAU and inferior occipital gyrus were associated with impulsiveness. Remodeling within the salience network and the DMN was associated with sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors in narcolepsy. Conclusions Alterations in brain connectivity and regional topological properties in narcoleptic adolescents were associated with their sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors.

scholarly journals Individual Variation in Functional Brain Network Topography is Linked to Schizophrenia Symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Nawaz ◽  
Ivy Lee ◽  
Adam Beermann ◽  
Shaun Eack ◽  
Matcheri Keshavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Functional Brain Network

Abstract Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) demonstrates that the brain is organized into distributed networks. Numerous studies have examined links between psychiatric symptomatology and network functional connectivity. Traditional rsfMRI analyses assume that the spatial organization of networks is invariant between individuals. This dogma has recently been overturned by the demonstration that networks show significant variation between individuals. We tested the hypothesis that previously observed relationships between schizophrenia-negative symptom severity and network connectivity are actually due to individual differences in network spatial organization. Forty-four participants diagnosed with schizophrenia underwent rsfMRI scans and clinical assessments. A multivariate pattern analysis determined how whole-brain functional connectivity correlates with negative symptom severity at the individual voxel level. Brain connectivity to a region of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlates with negative symptom severity. This finding results from individual differences in the topographic distribution of 2 networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the task-positive network (TPN). Both networks demonstrate strong (r = ~0.49) and significant (P < .001) relationships between topography and symptom severity. For individuals with low symptom severity, this critical region is part of the DMN. In highly symptomatic individuals, this region is part of the TPN. Previously overlooked individual variation in brain organization is tightly linked to differences in schizophrenia symptom severity. Recognizing critical links between network topography and pathological symptomology may identify key circuits that underlie cognitive and behavioral phenotypes. Individual variation in network topography likely guides different responses to clinical interventions that rely on anatomical targeting (eg, transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]).

scholarly journals Longitudinal Brain Functional Connectivity Changes of the Cortical Motor-Related Network in Subcortical Stroke Patients with Acupuncture Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Chenxi Liao ◽  
Wenhua Huang ◽  
Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Before And After

In clinical practice, the effectiveness of the rehabilitation therapy such as acupuncture combining conventional Western medicine (AG) on stroke people’s motor-related brain network and their behaviors has not been systematically studied. In the present study, seventeen adult ischemic patients were collected and divided into two groups: the conventional Western medicine treatment group (CG) and the AG. The neurological deficit scores (NDS) and resting-state functional MRI data were collected before and after treatment. Compared with the CG patients, AG patients exhibited a significant enhancement of the percent changes of NDS from pre- to posttreatment intervention. All patients showed significant changes of functional connectivity (FC) between the pair of cortical motor-related regions. After treatment, both patient groups showed a recovery of brain connectivity to the nearly normal level compared with the controls in these pairs. Moreover, a significant correlation between the percent changes of NDS and the pretreatment FC values of bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) in all patients was found. In conclusion, our results showed that AG therapy can be an effective means for ischemic stroke patients to recover their motor function ability. The FC strengths between bilateral M1 of stroke patients can predict stroke patients’ treatment outcome after rehabilitation therapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Inflammatory Diet and Vitamin D on the Link between Periodontitis and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
João Botelho ◽  
Yago Leira ◽  
João Viana ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
Patrícia Lyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Patients suffering from periodontitis are at a higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. However, the mediation effect of an inflammatory diet and serum vitamin D levels in this link is unclear. In total, 2062 participants aged 60 years or older with complete periodontal diagnosis and cognitive tests from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 were enrolled. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) word learning subtest (WLT) and CERAD delayed recall test (DRT), the animal fluency test (AFT) and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) was used. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed via nutrition datasets. Mediation analysis tested the effects of DII and vitamin D levels in the association of mean probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) in all four cognitive tests. Periodontitis patients obtained worse cognitive test scores than periodontally healthy individuals. DII was negatively associated with CERAD-WLT, CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST, and was estimated to mediate between 9.2% and 36.4% of the total association between periodontitis with cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). Vitamin D showed a weak association between CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST and was estimated to between 8.1% and 73.2% of the association between periodontitis and cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). The association between periodontitis and impaired cognitive function seems to be mediated both by a proinflammatory dietary load and vitamin D deficiency. Future studies should further explore these mediators in the periodontitis-cognitive decline link.

scholarly journals The Differences in the Whole-Brain Functional Network between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Fan ◽  
Yujia Wu ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
Jingwen Ma ◽  
Ning Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals are logographic-logographic bilinguals that provide a unique population for bilingual studies. Whole brain functional connectivity analysis makes up for the deficiencies of previous bilingual studies on the seed-based approach and helps give a complete picture of the brain connectivity profiles of logographic-logographic bilinguals. The current study is to explore the effect of the long-term logographic-logographic bilingual experience on the functional connectivity of the whole-brain network. Thirty Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual and 30 Mandarin monolingual college students were recruited in the study. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed to investigate the whole-brain functional connectivity differences by network-based statistics (NBS), and the differences in network efficiency were investigated by graph theory between the two groups (false discovery rate corrected for multiple comparisons, q = 0.05). Compared with the Mandarin monolingual group, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals increased functional connectivity between the bilateral frontoparietal and temporal regions and decreased functional connectivity in the bilateral occipital cortex and between the right sensorimotor region and bilateral prefrontal cortex. No significant differences in network efficiency were found between the two groups. Compared with the Mandarin monolinguals, Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals had no significant discrepancies in network efficiency. However, the Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals developed a more strongly connected subnetwork related to language control, inhibition, phonological and semantic processing, and memory retrieval, whereas a weaker connected subnetwork related to visual and phonology processing, and speech production also developed.

Online Tool (Brain Assessment) for the Detection of Cognitive Function Changes during Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Masayuki Satoh ◽  
Ken-ichi Tabei ◽  
Saiko Fujita ◽  
Yoshinori Ota
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> It is well-known that cognitive function declines with age. In order to detect changes in cognitive function, cognitive tests should be performed repeatedly. Currently existing cognitive tests come in only a single version, so the subject is likely to remember the contents with repeated testing. And, under the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in-person assessment should be avoided. This study was performed to develop a new cognitive test (brain assessment, BA) that has 5 versions and can be performed on a personal computer (PC) through the Internet. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Five thousand subjects performed the online BA, which consisted of 5 subtests: number memory, word memory, mental rotation test, N-back test, and judgment test. We standardized the raw scores (cognitive scores, CSs) using mean and standard deviation, which were 50 and 10, respectively. Then, we calculated the mean CS for each sex and age, plotted the relationships between ages and mean CSs on figures, and calculated the formula of cognitive changes during normal aging. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The CSs of all subtests decreased with aging. The regression coefficient was from −0.31 to −0.45. It is noteworthy that in most subtests, the CSs started to increase at 85 years of age. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Our BA has 5 versions and can be done on a PC using the Internet. We tested the BA in a large number of subjects, and the standard values of CSs were measured in individuals up to 89 years of age. By performing this test repeatedly, subjects can evaluate the degree of their cognitive decline. If the rate of cognitive decline is greater than that predicted using the normalized formula, the subjects can undertake strategies to improve their control of lifestyle-related diseases or other habits of daily living. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The BA can be easily taken online using a PC, and its scores linearly declined with normal aging. The BA will be useful for detecting longitudinal cognitive changes and comparing them to the pattern seen in normal aging.

scholarly journals Individual Variation in Brain Network Topography is Linked to Schizophrenia Symptomatology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Nawaz ◽  
Ivy Lee ◽  
Adam Beermann ◽  
Shaun Eack ◽  
Matcheri Keshavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Organization

AbstractBackgroundResting state fMRI (rsfMRI) demonstrates that the brain is organized into distributed networks. Numerous studies have examined links between psychiatric symptomatology and network functional connectivity. Traditional rsfMRI analyses assume that the spatial organization of networks is invariant between individuals. This dogma has recently been overturned by the demonstration that networks show significant variation between individuals. We tested the hypothesis that previously observed relationships between schizophrenia negative symptom severity and network connectivity are actually due to individual differences in network spatial organization.Methods44 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia underwent rsfMRI scans and clinical assessments. A multivariate pattern analysis determined how whole brain functional connectivity correlates with negative symptom severity at the individual voxel level.ResultsBrain connectivity to a region of the right dorso-lateral pre-frontal cortex correlates with negative symptom severity. This finding results from individual differences in the topographic distribution of two networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the task positive network (TPN). Both networks demonstrate strong (r∼0.49) and significant (p<0.001) relationships between topography and symptom severity. For individuals with low symptom severity, this critical region is part of the DMN. In highly symptomatic individuals, this region is part of the TPN.ConclusionPreviously overlooked individual variation in brain organization is tightly linked to differences in schizophrenia symptom severity. Recognizing critical links between network topography and pathological symptomology may identify key circuits that underlie cognitive and behavioral phenotypes. Individual variation in network topography likely guides different responses to clinical interventions that rely on anatomical targeting (e.g. TMS).

scholarly journals Relación de la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas en estudiantes de educación física (Relation between body composition, physical qualities, and cognitive function in students of physical education)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Maureira Cid ◽  
Patricia Bravo Rojas ◽  
Nicolas Aguilera Godoy ◽  
Valentina Bahamondes Acevedo ◽  
Carlos Véliz Véliz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Existen resultados controversiales sobre la relación de la antropometría, las cualidades físicas y el rendimiento en pruebas cognitivas. En tanto, algunos trabajos muestran relación entre el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa o la capacidad aeróbica con la atención, memoria o control inhibitorio, otros no muestran relaciones significativas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas, la inteligencia, la atención y la memoria en una muestra constituida por 125 estudiantes que cursan la carrera de pedagogía en educación física. Al total de la muestra se le evalúo las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas y a 50 estudiantes se les realizó el estudio antropométrico. Los resultados no muestran diferencias en los resultados de las funciones cognitivas según sexo, pero los varones presentan mayores índices en las cualidades físicas, en masa muscular y en diámetros antropométricos, y las damas presentan mayores índices en pliegues cutáneos. También se encontraron relaciones bajas entre la potencia de brazos y piernas con la inteligencia y la atención sostenida, en tanto, la memoria y la atención selectiva no presentaron relación con ninguna de las variables físicas evaluadas. Estos resultados son similares a otras investigaciones antropométricas y de cualidades físicas en estudiantes de educación física. La relación con variables cognitivas es coherente con trabajos anteriores, asumiendo que una mejor condición física permite una mejor irrigación sanguínea, aumento de la vascularización, neurogénesis y sinaptogénesis, lo cual puede influenciar en la mejora en pruebas cognitivas.Abstract. Controversial results are shown on the relation between anthropometry, physical qualities, and performance in cognitive tests. While some works pinpoint the relation of BMI, percentage of fat, or aerobic capacity with attention, memory, or inhibitory control, others do not find significant relations. The aim of the present study was to relate body composition, physical qualities, intelligence, attention, and memory. The sample was constituted by 125 students enrolled in the undergraduate program of pedagogy in physical education. Physical qualities and cognitive functions were assessed in the whole sample, whereas 50 students also carried out anthropometric evaluations. No differences were found in cognitive function by gender; however, males presented higher indexes in physical qualities, in muscular mass, and in anthropometric diameters, whereas females presented higher indexes in cutaneous folds. Also, low relations were found between arm and leg power and intelligence and supported attention, whilst memory and selective attention did not show any relation with any of the physical variables evaluated. Our outcomes are similar to those from previous research on anthropometry and physical qualities in students of physical education. The relation with cognitive variables is coherent with previous works, assuming that a better physical condition allows a better blood irrigation, increase of the vascularization, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, which can determine an improvement in cognitive test performance.

scholarly journals Everyone Can Meditate: Characterizing a Personalized Connectomic State Space among Meditation Groups and Non-meditators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob van Doorn ◽  
Mengqi Xing ◽  
B. Rael Cahn ◽  
Arnaud Delorme ◽  
Olusola Ajilore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
State Space ◽  
Hausdorff Distance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Breath Awareness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eeg Recordings

AbstractAlterations in brain connectivity has been shown for many disease states and groups of people from different levels of cognitive training. To study dynamic functional connectivity, we propose a method for a personalized connectomic state space called Thought Chart. Experienced meditators are an interesting group of healthy subjects for brain connectivity analyses due to their demonstrated differences in resting state dynamics, and altered brain connectivity has been implicated as a potential factor in several psychiatric disorders. Three distinct techniques of meditation are explored: Isha Yoga, Himalayan Yoga, and Vipassana, as well as a meditation-naïve group of individuals. All individuals participated in a breath awareness task, an autobiographical thinking task, and one of three different meditation practices according to their expertise, while being recorded by a 64-electrode electroencephalogram (EEG). The functional brain connectivity was estimated using weighted phase lag index (WPLI) and the connectivity dynamics were investigated using a within-individual formulation of Thought Chart, a previously proposed dimensionality reduction method which utilizes manifold learning to map out a state space of functional connectivity. Results showed that the two meditation tasks (breath awareness task and own form of meditation) in all groups were found to have consistently different functional connectivity patterns relative to those of the instructed mind-wandering (IMW) tasks in each individual, as measured using the Hausdorff distance in the state space. The specific meditation state was found to be most similar to the breath awareness state in all groups, as expected in these meditation traditions which all incorporate breath awareness training in their practice trajectory. The difference in connectivity was found to not be solely driven by specific frequency bands. These results demonstrate that the within-individual form of Thought Chart consistently and reliably separates similar tasks among healthy meditators and non-meditators during resting state-like EEG recordings. Unexpectedly, we found the dissimilarity between breath awareness/meditation and IMW, measured via Hausdorff distance, regardless of meditation experience or tradition, with no significant group differences.

scholarly journals Spontaneous cognitive processes and the behavioral validation of time-varying brain connectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Arielle Tambini ◽  
Sepideh Sadaghiani ◽  
Shella Keilholz ◽  
Jessica R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
External Stimuli

In cognitive neuroscience, focus is commonly placed on associating brain function with changes in objectively measured external stimuli or with actively generated cognitive processes. In everyday life, however, many forms of cognitive processes are initiated spontaneously, without an individual’s active effort and without explicit manipulation of behavioral state. Recently, there has been increased emphasis, especially in functional neuroimaging research, on spontaneous correlated activity among spatially segregated brain regions (intrinsic functional connectivity) and, more specifically, on intraindividual fluctuations of such correlated activity on various time scales (time-varying functional connectivity). In this Perspective, we propose that certain subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes are detectable in time-varying functional connectivity measurements. We define these subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes and review evidence of their representations in time-varying functional connectivity from studies of attentional fluctuations, memory reactivation, and effects of baseline states on subsequent perception. Moreover, we describe how these studies are critical to validating the use of neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI) for assessing ongoing brain network dynamics. We conclude that continued investigation of the behavioral relevance of time-varying functional connectivity will be beneficial both in the development of comprehensive neural models of cognition, and in informing on best practices for studying brain network dynamics.

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