scholarly journals Abnormal Sleep Signals Vulnerability to Chronic Social Defeat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Radwan ◽  
Gloria Jansen ◽  
Dipesh Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tight Association ◽  
Abnormal Sleep

There is a tight association between mood and sleep as disrupted sleep is a core feature of many mood disorders. The paucity in available animal models for investigating the role of sleep in the etiopathogenesis of depression-like behaviors led us to investigate whether prior sleep disturbances can predict susceptibility to future stress. Hence, we assessed sleep before and after chronic social defeat (CSD) stress. The social behavior of the mice post stress was classified in two main phenotypes: mice susceptible to stress that displayed social avoidance and mice resilient to stress. Pre-CSD, mice susceptible to stress displayed increased fragmentation of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, due to increased switching between NREM and wake and shorter average duration of NREM bouts, relative to mice resilient to stress. Logistic regression analysis showed that the pre-CSD sleep features from both phenotypes were separable enough to allow prediction of susceptibility to stress with >80% accuracy. Post-CSD, susceptible mice maintained high NREM fragmentation while resilient mice exhibited high NREM fragmentation, only in the dark. Our findings emphasize the putative role of fragmented NREM sleep in signaling vulnerability to stress.

scholarly journals Patient and Therapist In-Session Cortisol as Predictor of Post-Session Patient Reported Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Eyal Levi ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Hadar Fisher ◽  
Roee Admon ◽  
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The importance of the role of affect in psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) is well established, but the common use of self-reported measures may limit our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A promising predictor of patient affect is the stress hormone cortisol. To date, no studies have studied in-session changes in cortisol in psychotherapy for MDD. We investigated whether an increase in patient cortisol over the course of a session correlated with higher negative and lower positive affect. Given previous findings on healthy individuals on the contagious nature of stress, an additional aim was to examine whether these relationships are moderated by therapist cortisol. To this end, 40 dyads (including 6 therapists) provided saliva samples before and after four pre-specified sessions (616 samples). After each session, the patients provided retrospective reports of in-session affect. We found no association between patient cortisol and affect. However, increases in patient cortisol predicted negative affect when the therapists exhibited decreases in cortisol, and increases in patient cortisol predicted positive affect when the therapists showed increases. Our study provides initial evidence for the importance of the social context in the cortisol–affect relationship in MDD.

scholarly journals PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROMYALGIA IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: SCOPING REVIEW FOR HYPOTHESIS GENERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Sakir Ahmed ◽  
Able Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Small Fibre Neuropathy ◽  
Small Fibre ◽  
The Common

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) prevalence is much higher in patients with other rheumatic diseases than in the general population. This leads to increase in the perceived disease activity scores and prevents patients from reaching remission. Elucidating the pathogenesis of such “secondary” FM can help alleviate some unmet needs in these diseases. Methods: MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for a scoping review for hypothesis generation regarding the genesis of secondary FM. Results: FM has been postulated to be due to cytokine dysfunction, neurogenic neuroinflammation, stress, including social defeat, sleep disturbances, sympathetic overactivity, and small fibre neuropathy. These factors increase in most autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Further the evidence for the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of FM is seems strong. Metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction are also associated with FM, but it is difficult to distinguish between cause and effect. Conclusion: FM is the common phenotype arising from the amalgamation of various aetiologies. Recruitment or amplification of the above 6 factors by various rheumatic diseases may thus lead precipitation of secondary FM in susceptible individuals.

Effects of ethanol on social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat stress in mice

Stress ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A. Favoretto ◽  
Giovana C. Macedo ◽  
Isabel M. H. Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress

The role of personality in defeat: a revised social rank model

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Sturman ◽  
Myriam Mongrain
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

This study sought to test the role of personality within the social rank theory of depression. Specifically, self‐criticism was hypothesised to be a risk factor for mechanisms underlying involuntary subordination, while self‐efficacy was hypothesised to have a protective function. Involuntary subordination has been implicated as an underlying cause of depression and it was therefore important to determine the personality variables and other intrapsychic mechanisms that lead to this condition. The sample consisted of 115 participants (average age of 20.2 years) who were involved in athletic competition. Participants were evaluated at baseline for personality and social rank variables and for mood immediately before and after a competitive match. Two models were tested: the first model showed that self‐criticism and neuroticism predicted a heightened perception of defeat following a loss. Self‐criticism also predicted an inability to accept defeat which was associated with a latent variable interpreted as involuntary subordination. The second model demonstrated that self‐efficacy was associated with a more adaptive response to defeat, being negatively related to the perception of defeat. Both models proved to be viable and suggest that different personality styles confer specific vulnerabilities to involuntary subordination in the context of defeating events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Retinal Anomalies Induced by Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Arsenault ◽  
Andrée-Anne Lavigne ◽  
Samaneh Mansouri ◽  
Anne-Marie Gagné ◽  
Kimberley Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Oscillatory Potentials ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Retinal Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Related Changes

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop the disease. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to investigate psychiatric disorders using the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cone and rod ERGs were performed in male and female C57BL/6 mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Our results suggest that CSDS reduces the amplitude of both oscillatory potentials and a-waves in the rods of resilient but not susceptible males. Similar effects were revealed following the analysis of the cone b-waves, which were faster after CSDS in resilient mice specifically. In females, rod ERGs revealed age-related changes with no change in cone ERGs. Finally, our analysis suggests that baseline ERG can predict with an efficacy up to 71% the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in males and females. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a valid biomarker of stress response that could potentially serve as a tool to predict whether males and females will become susceptible or resilient when facing CSDS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Industrial Buildings within the Scope of Renewal, Alsancak Tekel Warehouses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonca Yılmaz ◽  
◽  
Dilara Genç ◽  
Hümeyra Birol
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Building ◽  
Industrial Structures ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
The City

Industrial structures are cultural legacy sites in need of protection that carry the social, cultural, historical and architectural properties of their respective eras into the present day. Due to the changing production demands and technology, these structures lost their usage value and have been rendered obsolete. The interventions implemented and new functions provided to ensure the continuity of industrial structures must be in accordance with the character of the building. Our study focuses on the renovation process of one of the first industrial premises of the city of İzmir Alsancak Tekel Storages located in Port Rear Area. Industrial building history in the region dates back to the 1900s, when industrial and storage structures have been built. A new master development plan that entered into force in 1989, conserning the fate of these industrial buildings. As the result of the passed legislation, old tekel storages have been transformed to offices and cultural centres. In the scope of this study the changes that occurred in order to refunction the Alsancak Tekel Storages have been inspected. As a method, a detailed literature review of the history of the region was made, and data on the buildings examined before and after the restoration were collected. As a result, the region’s historical development, status of the buildings before the restoration, architectural quality of the buildings after the restoration and role of the buildings in relation to the city have all been examined and collected data were evaluated comparatively.

scholarly journals Splenic NKG2D confers resilience versus susceptibility in mice after chronic social defeat stress: beneficial effects of (R)-ketamine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Akemi Sakamoto ◽  
Lijia Chang ◽  
Youge Qu ◽  
Siming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nkg2d Expression ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

AbstractThe spleen is a large immune organ that plays a key role in the immune system. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between the spleen and stress-related psychiatric disorders are unknown. Here we investigated the role of spleen in stress-related psychiatric disorders. FACS analysis was applied to determine the contribution of the spleen to susceptibility and resilience in mice that were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found a notable increase in splenic volume and weight in CSDS-susceptible mice compared to control (no CSDS) mice and CSDS-resilient mice. The number of granulocytes, but not of T cells and B cells, in the spleen of susceptible mice was higher than in the spleen of both control and resilient mice. Interestingly, NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) expression in the spleen of CSDS-susceptible mice was higher than that in control mice and CSDS-resilient mice. In addition, NKG2D expression in the spleen of patients with depression was higher than that in controls. Both increased splenic weight and increased splenic NKG2D expression in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after a subsequent administration of (R)-ketamine. The present findings indicate a novel role of splenic NKG2D in stress susceptibility versus resilience in mice subjected to CSDS. Furthermore, abnormalities in splenic functions in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after subsequent injection of (R)-ketamine. Thus, the brain–spleen axis might, at least in part, contribute to the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.

scholarly journals The protective role of Neuregulin1-ErbB4 signaling in a chronic social defeat stress model

Neuroreport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 678-685
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Yong Qiao ◽  
Huiying Qu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Linlin Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress

scholarly journals Decreased Colonic Guanylin/Uroguanylin Expression and Dried Stool Property in Mice With Social Defeat Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Ebisutani ◽  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Heihachiro Nishimura ◽  
Takashi Nakanishi ◽  
Kenki Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lovo Cells

Psychological stress is deeply involved in the pathophysiology of not only mental illness but also functional gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study, we examined the relationship between psychological stress and abnormality of stool properties, focusing on the alteration of plasma glucocorticoid and guanylin (GN)/uroguanylin (UGN) expression in the colon. A murine model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) was established by exposing a C57BL/6N intruder mouse to a CD-1 aggressor mouse for 3–5 min. Thereafter the mice were kept in the same cage but separated by a divider for the remainder of the day. This procedure was repeated for 10 consecutive days, and then a social interaction test was performed to evaluate social avoidance. Fresh fecal and blood samples were collected for stool property analysis and measurement of the plasma glucocorticoid level by ELISA. The expression of GN, UGN, and guanylate cyclase 2C in the colonic tissues was examined by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, Lovo cells were stimulated with dexamethasone, and the expression of GN/UGN mRNA was examined. In the CSDS group, the time spent in the social interaction zone was significantly shorter when the CD-1 aggressor mouse was present than when it was absent. The social interaction ratio was also significantly lower in the CSDS group relative to the controls. The mean Bristol scale score was significantly lower in the CSDS group, but the fecal sodium concentration did not differ between CSDS mice and controls. The level of plasma corticosterone was significantly higher in the CSDS group than in the controls immediately after the 10th day of CSDS. The expression of both GN and UGN was significantly decreased in the CSDS mice. GN was expressed in all colonic epithelial cells, and UGN was expressed in ovoid or pyramidal epithelial cells in the colonic mucosa. The expression of both GN and UGN was significantly decreased in the CSDS mice relative to controls. The expression of both GN and UGN was significantly suppressed in Lovo cells upon stimulation with dexamethasone. Psychological stress-induced glucocorticoid may suppress colonic GN/UGN expression, resulting in a change in stool properties leading to constipation.

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