The role of personality in defeat: a revised social rank model

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Sturman ◽  
Myriam Mongrain
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

This study sought to test the role of personality within the social rank theory of depression. Specifically, self‐criticism was hypothesised to be a risk factor for mechanisms underlying involuntary subordination, while self‐efficacy was hypothesised to have a protective function. Involuntary subordination has been implicated as an underlying cause of depression and it was therefore important to determine the personality variables and other intrapsychic mechanisms that lead to this condition. The sample consisted of 115 participants (average age of 20.2 years) who were involved in athletic competition. Participants were evaluated at baseline for personality and social rank variables and for mood immediately before and after a competitive match. Two models were tested: the first model showed that self‐criticism and neuroticism predicted a heightened perception of defeat following a loss. Self‐criticism also predicted an inability to accept defeat which was associated with a latent variable interpreted as involuntary subordination. The second model demonstrated that self‐efficacy was associated with a more adaptive response to defeat, being negatively related to the perception of defeat. Both models proved to be viable and suggest that different personality styles confer specific vulnerabilities to involuntary subordination in the context of defeating events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

scholarly journals Patient and Therapist In-Session Cortisol as Predictor of Post-Session Patient Reported Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Eyal Levi ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Hadar Fisher ◽  
Roee Admon ◽  
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The importance of the role of affect in psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) is well established, but the common use of self-reported measures may limit our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A promising predictor of patient affect is the stress hormone cortisol. To date, no studies have studied in-session changes in cortisol in psychotherapy for MDD. We investigated whether an increase in patient cortisol over the course of a session correlated with higher negative and lower positive affect. Given previous findings on healthy individuals on the contagious nature of stress, an additional aim was to examine whether these relationships are moderated by therapist cortisol. To this end, 40 dyads (including 6 therapists) provided saliva samples before and after four pre-specified sessions (616 samples). After each session, the patients provided retrospective reports of in-session affect. We found no association between patient cortisol and affect. However, increases in patient cortisol predicted negative affect when the therapists exhibited decreases in cortisol, and increases in patient cortisol predicted positive affect when the therapists showed increases. Our study provides initial evidence for the importance of the social context in the cortisol–affect relationship in MDD.

scholarly journals Effect of Social Rank upon Estrus Induction and Some Reproductive Outcomes in Anestrus Goats Treated With Progesterone + eCG

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Zuñiga-Garcia ◽  
Cesar A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
Adela Mendoza-Cortina ◽  
Julio Otal-Salaverri ◽  
Carlos Perez-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
The Social

We evaluated the possible role of the social rank [R] (i.e., low—LSR, middle—MSR, or high—HSR) in anestrus goats exposed to a P4 + eCG [D] (i.e., 100 or 350 IU) estrus induction protocol (EIP). Adult, multiparous (two to three lactations), multiracial, dairy-type goats (Alpine–Saanen–Nubian x Criollo goats (n = 70; 25°51′ North) managed under stall-fed conditions were all ultrasound evaluated to confirm anestrus status while the R was determined 30 d prior to the EIP. The variables of estrus induction (EI, %), estrus latency (LAT, h), estrus duration (DUR, h), ovulation (OVU, %), ovulation rate (OR, n), corpus luteum size (CLS, cm), pregnancy (PREG, %), kidding (KIDD, %), and litter size (LS, n) as affected by R, D, and the R × D interaction, were evaluated. While OVU and CLS favored (p < 0.05) HSR (96% and + 1.04 ± 0.07 cm), an increased (p < 0.05) LS occurred in D350 vs. D100 (2.06 ± 0.2 vs. 1.36 ± 0.2); neither R nor D affected (p > 0.05; 38.5%) KIDD. However, EI, LAT, DUR, OR, and PREG were affected by the R × D interaction. The HSR group had the largest (p < 0.05) EI % and DUR h, irrespective of D. The shortest (p < 0.05) LAT occurred in D350, irrespective of R. While the largest (p < 0.05) OR occurred in HSR and MSR within D350, the HSR + D350 group had the largest PREG (p < 0.05). These research outcomes are central to defining out-of-season reproductive strategies designed to attenuate seasonal reproduction in goats.

What makes employees engaged with their work? The role of self-efficacy and employee’s perceptions of social context over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Consiglio ◽  
Laura Borgogni ◽  
Cristina Di Tecco ◽  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – Work engagement represents an important aspect of employee well-being and performance and has been related to both job and personal resources. The purpose of this paper, based on Social Cognitive Theory, is to emphasize the proactive role of self-efficacy which is hypothesized to predict work engagement, not only directly, but also indirectly through positive changes in employee’s perceptions of social context (PoSC); namely, perceptions of one’s immediate supervisor, colleagues and top management. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 741 employees of a communication service company completed two questionnaires, with a time interval of three years. Structural equation modeling was performed in order to test the hypothesized model. Findings – Results revealed that, as expected: first, initial self-efficacy predicts work engagement three years later; and second, positive changes in employee’s perceptions of the social work context across the three year period, mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and work engagement. Research limitations/implications – Results relied only upon self-report data. Moreover, each variable was only measured at the time in which it was hypothesized by the conceptual model. Practical implications – The significant role of self-efficacy as a direct and indirect predictor of work engagement suggests the development of training programs centered on the main sources of self-efficacy, specifically focussed on the social work domain. Originality/value – This research provides evidence of the substantial contribution of self-efficacy to work engagement over time. Moreover, the results also support the beneficial effects of self-efficacy through its influence on the improvements in the individuals’ perceptions of their social context.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Industrial Buildings within the Scope of Renewal, Alsancak Tekel Warehouses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonca Yılmaz ◽  
◽  
Dilara Genç ◽  
Hümeyra Birol
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Building ◽  
Industrial Structures ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
The City

Industrial structures are cultural legacy sites in need of protection that carry the social, cultural, historical and architectural properties of their respective eras into the present day. Due to the changing production demands and technology, these structures lost their usage value and have been rendered obsolete. The interventions implemented and new functions provided to ensure the continuity of industrial structures must be in accordance with the character of the building. Our study focuses on the renovation process of one of the first industrial premises of the city of İzmir Alsancak Tekel Storages located in Port Rear Area. Industrial building history in the region dates back to the 1900s, when industrial and storage structures have been built. A new master development plan that entered into force in 1989, conserning the fate of these industrial buildings. As the result of the passed legislation, old tekel storages have been transformed to offices and cultural centres. In the scope of this study the changes that occurred in order to refunction the Alsancak Tekel Storages have been inspected. As a method, a detailed literature review of the history of the region was made, and data on the buildings examined before and after the restoration were collected. As a result, the region’s historical development, status of the buildings before the restoration, architectural quality of the buildings after the restoration and role of the buildings in relation to the city have all been examined and collected data were evaluated comparatively.

Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Types of Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mencl ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
Catherine E. Schwoerer ◽  
Fritz Drasgow
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sales Training ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Self Efficacy

In this research, the authors present theoretical explanations for quantitative and qualitative types of changes to evaluate the malleability of general self-efficacy (GSE) and specific self-efficacy (SSE) measures due to domain-specific training. First, the authors hypothesize that the change in the GSE measure due to sales training is a quantitative mean-difference (alpha) change. Second, they hypothesize that the change in SSE due to sales training is a qualitative (beta or gamma) change. Results of latent variable cross-lagged analysis on sales trainee data ( N = 417) support the authors’ hypothesis that the difference in GSE was quantitative. Findings also provide partial support of the second hypothesis that a change in a SSE measure was qualitative. The qualitative change is attributed to the novelty and complexity of the particular SSE tasks (i.e., direct selling). Additional analysis of rank-order consistency further validates the measures and demonstrates the GSE measure was consistent before and after training whereas the SSE scales were not as consistent. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Imagining the Possibilities: The Effects of a Possible Selves Intervention on Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Exercise Behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa C. Murru ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Intervention Condition

This experiment examined the effects of a possible selves intervention on self-regulatory efficacy and exercise behavior among 19 men and 61 women (M age = 21.43 years, SD = 3.28) who reported exercising fewer than 3 times per week. Participants were randomly assigned to a control condition, a hoped-for possible selves intervention condition, or a feared possible selves intervention condition. The hoped-for and feared possible selves interventions required participants to imagine themselves in the future as either healthy, regular exercisers or as unhealthy, inactive individuals, respectively. Participants in the control condition completed a quiz about physical activity. Measures of self-regulatory efficacy (scheduling, planning, goal setting, and barrier self-efficacy) were taken immediately before and after the intervention. Participants who received either possible selves intervention reported greater exercise behavior 4 weeks and 8 weeks postintervention than participants in the control group. Planning self-efficacy partially mediated the effects of the possible selves intervention on exercise behavior over the first 4 weeks of the study. These findings highlight the effectiveness of possible selves interventions for increasing exercise behavior and the role of self-regulatory processes for explaining such effects.

“Our Shtetl, Tel Aviv, Must and Will Become the Metropolis of Yiddish”: Tel Aviv—a Center of Yiddish Culture?

AJS Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Gali Drucker Bar-Am
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Before And After

The remnant of the eastern European Jews that arrived in Israel after the Holocaust established a vibrant center of Yiddish culture in Tel Aviv. This paper tells its story. It spotlights the uniqueness of the Tel Aviv center in comparison with similar cultural centers established by eastern European Jews in other cities around the world, both before and after the Holocaust. It portrays the Jewish cultural activists and leaders that composed the Tel Aviv Yiddish center, the special conditions that awaited them in Israel, the institutions that they established, and their aftermath. Finally, it considers the Tel Aviv Yiddish cultural center as a test case for examining the social role of the Jewish cultural center after the Holocaust.

scholarly journals SURASTRI KARMA TRIMURTI: MENGGUGAT HAK-HAK KAUM BURUH PEREMPUAN INDONESIA TAHUN 1945-1954

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giana Fitri Indraswari ◽  
Leli Yulifar
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
The Impact

This research is entitled “Surastri Karma Trimurti: Sued the Right of Woman Laborers of Indonesia 1945-1954”. This research is the interest of author in the role of S.K Trimurti in defending the rights of women laborers in Indonesia in 1945-1954. The purpose of this research are, 1) Describe the the social-economic woman laborers in Indonesia 1930-1944; 2) Describe the background of S.K Trimurti’s life; 3) Describe how was the efforts of S.K Trimurti for the right of Indonesian woman laborers in 1945-1954; 4) Describe the impact of S.K Trimurti’s struggled on the rights of indonesian woman laborers 1948-1954. This research using the History Method, there are: Heuristics, Critics, and Historiography. The research technic which is used in this paper is literature study by using the relevant books. Based on th research, there was few results. First, The condition of woman laborers during the Dutch and Japanese occupations showed injustice, The condition of women workers is still very apprehensive with various actions that are inconsistent with the dignity of women workers as laborers. Second, some activists who fought for the rights of women laborers as one of the workers were S.K Trimurti who had contributed to the fight before and after independence. Third, the efforts of S.K Trimurti were demonstrated for the welfare and prosecution of justice for women laborers in Indonesia, especially regarding wages and reproductive rights. Fourth is the impact of the struggle was contained in the Work Act of 1948 even until now a legal guideline in the field of labor.

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