Role of Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Nerve Regeneration

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.

Download Full-text

Biological functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in small-cell lung cancer

Epigenomics ◽

10.2217/epi-2020-0214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 1751-1763

Author(s):

Sachin Kumar ◽

Monu Pandey ◽

Surender K Sharawat

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Cancer Biomarkers ◽

Small Cell ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Small Cell Lung

We aim to discuss comprehensively the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biology and their clinical utility as cancer biomarkers. We searched the scientific literature to select articles related to the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC biology or as cancer biomarkers. We identified that a number of lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate key biological processes involved in SCLC development, including cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance mainly acting as miRNA sponges. Also, the expression of a few lncRNAs and circRNAs predicted survival outcome depicting their utility as prognostic biomarkers. Further investigations on the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC tumors may yield novel therapeutic targets for SCLC.

Download Full-text

Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endocr/bqaa053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 161 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Liang Yin ◽

Chong Zeng ◽

Jie Yao ◽

Jie Shen

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Autoimmune Disorders ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Hashimoto Disease

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves’ diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.

Download Full-text

Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in pancreatic β cells

Non-coding RNA Investigation ◽

10.21037/ncri.2018.11.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 69-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Debojyoti Das ◽

Arundhati Das ◽

Amaresh C. Panda

Keyword(s):

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Β Cells ◽

Pancreatic Β Cells

Download Full-text

The Role of lncRNA in the Development of Tumors, Including Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8427

Author(s):

Beata Smolarz ◽

Anna Zadrożna-Nowak ◽

Hanna Romanowicz

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

Present Article ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Cellular Processes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the largest groups of ribonucleic acids, but, despite the increasing amount of literature data, the least understood. Given the involvement of lncRNA in basic cellular processes, especially in the regulation of transcription, the role of these noncoding molecules seems to be of great importance for the proper functioning of the organism. Studies have shown a relationship between disturbed lncRNA expression and the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The present article presents a detailed review of the latest reports and data regarding the importance of lncRNA in the development of cancers, including breast carcinoma.

Download Full-text

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Weiran Zheng ◽

Haichao Hu ◽

Qisen Lu ◽

Peng Jin ◽

Linna Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Chinese Wheat

Recent studies have shown that a large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate various biological processes in animals and plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in many plants, they have not been reported in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particularly, the role of lncRNAs in plant virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we identified lncRNAs in N. benthamiana response to Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection by RNA sequencing. A total of 1175 lncRNAs, including 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, were identified during CWMV infection. We then analyzed the functions of some of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, one differentially expressed lncRNA, XLOC_006393, was found to participate in CWMV infection as a precursor to microRNAs in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in the regulatory network of N. benthamiana in response to CWMV infection.

Download Full-text

The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7110461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 461 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Young-Kook Kim ◽

Juhyun Song

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Glucose Dysregulation ◽

Near Future ◽

The Brain

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes by modulating gene expression. They have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and are considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment. Among the various neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been recently emerging as an important issue due to several unexpected reports suggesting that metabolic issues in the brain, such as insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation, could be important risk factors for AD. To facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in this field, here we review recent studies on lncRNAs in AD and diabetes, and summarize them with different categories associated with the pathogenesis of the diseases including neurogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta accumulation, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation. It is essential to understand the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic AD from various perspectives for therapeutic utilization of lncRNAs in the near future.

Download Full-text