scholarly journals Radiomics for Diagnosis and Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-mei Zhang ◽  
Guan-zhong Gong ◽  
Qing-tao Qiu ◽  
Yun-wei Han ◽  
He-ming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Target Delineation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of the head and neck. The primary clinical manifestations are nasal congestion, blood-stained nasal discharge, headache, and hearing loss. It occurs frequently in Southeast Asia, North Africa, and especially in southern China. Radiotherapy is the main treatment, and currently, imaging examinations used for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NPC include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, and PET-MRI. These methods play an important role in target delineation, radiotherapy planning design, dose evaluation, and outcome prediction. However, the anatomical and metabolic information obtained at the macro level of images may not meet the increasing accuracy required for radiotherapy. As a technology used for mining deep image information, radiomics can provide further information for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC and promote individualized precision radiotherapy in the future. This paper reviews the application of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

scholarly journals Progress in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of TSH-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqiong Luo ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Lidan Yang ◽  
Zhenmei An ◽  
Huiwen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Thyroid Goiter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Timely Treatment

TSH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) is one of the causes of central hyperthyroidism. The incidence of TSH PitNET is far lower than that of other PitNETs. The clinical manifestations of TSH PitNETs mainly include thyrotoxicosis or thyroid goiter, secretion disorders of other anterior pituitary hormones, and mass effect on the pituitary gland and its surrounding tissues. The application of high-sensitivity TSH detection methods contributes to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of TSH PitNETs. Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have advanced the noninvasive visualization of smaller PitNETs. Treatments for TSH PitNETs include surgery, drugs, and radiotherapy. This review focuses on the progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of TSH PitNETs to provide more information for the clinician.

scholarly journals Primary Hepatic Choriocarcinoma in a Male Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Ke Rao ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Haifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Male Patient ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract BackgroundChoriocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor and rarely occurs outside the gonads. Primary hepatic choriocarcinoma is more infrequent, with hidden clinical manifestations, rapid progress, and extremely poor prognosis. Only more than 10 cases were publicly reported in the world. Therefore, there is still a lack of deep understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Case presentationWe report a case of primary hepatic choriocarcinoma in a man diagnosed by pathology. A 65-year-old male patient presented with fever and anorexia, nothing but mild jaundice of the skin and sclera was found on physical examination. Abdominal enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a huge mass in the right hepatic lobe. Fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan showed increased uptake in the liver and sigmoid colon and no uptake in the testes. The patient underwent the right hepatectomy, and postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was primary hepatic choriocarcinoma. Then he received one course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Then he developed severe myelosuppression and was transferred to the intensive care unit for further treatment. He eventually died of severe liver failure about 100 days after surgery. Primary hepatic choriocarcinoma is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is challenging.ConclusionsPrimary hepatic choriocarcinoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. We believe that this differential diagnosis should be considered in liver tumor patients. The effective treatment for this disease is still to be explored.

scholarly journals Case Report: [18F]PI2620 as a Tau Imaging Agent in Posterior Cortical Atrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kong ◽  
Kexin Xie ◽  
Hongwen Qiao ◽  
Yue Cui ◽  
Donglai Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chinese Patient ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Posterior Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
The Brain

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is widely considered as an atypical variant of Alzheimer disease and is characterized by a progressive decline in visual function. PCA has been investigated from the standpoints of brain structure and metabolism, but tau deposition and its relationship to disease severity still remain unclear. Here, we used a novel tau ligand, [18F]PI2620, to visualize tau deposition in a PCA patient. The results showed that high [18F]PI2620 uptake in posterior cortical regions was associated with clinical manifestations, morphologic changes in the brain observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hypometabolism detected by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This is the first report demonstrating a clinical anatomical correspondence between [18F]PI2620 PET results, clinical manifestations, MRI, and [18F]FDG PET findings in a Chinese patient with PCA. The results also support the utility of [18F]PI2620 for visualizing tau aggregation in PCA.

Diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children according European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and nasal Polyps –EPOS-2012 and American Academy Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Anna Zakrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Consensus Statements

Pediatric rhinosinusitis is defined as a presence of two or more symptoms and one of them should be either nasal blockage or nasal discharge and headache/facial pain or cough. Chronic rhinosinusitis - CRS is recognized when the four most common symptoms as cough, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and post nasal drip with a slightly higher predominance of chronic cough are presented for more than 12 weeks and influence the quality of life. CRS should be considered in respect of unique conditions because of the differences in predisposing factors (immunological and others) and the anatomy of the sinuses between children and adults. The adenoids are a prominent contributor to CRS in young children, both from bacteriologic and immunologic status. The older children suffer from CRS in the same manner as adults. During evaluation a child with symptoms of CRS , one should always consider the possibility of underlying disease as a contributing factor. Diseases impacting sinuses and nasal function include CF, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and a variety of normal immune deficiencies, including the still-developing immature immunity of healthy young children. Surgical intervention for rhinosinusitis is usually considered for patients with CRS who have failed maximal pharmacological treatment. There are two important consensus statements for pediatric chronic sinusitis (CRS): European Position papers on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps -EPOS 2012 and Clinical Consensus Statement: Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis American Academy Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery 2014. Both of them contain necessary information and recommendation for diagnosis and treatment of CRS in children.

scholarly journals Dural and Multiple Brain Metastases From Basaloid Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Geng ◽  
Furong Hao ◽  
Guiyan Han ◽  
Yaping Zhang ◽  
Peiyan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Brain Metastases ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
The Right

BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma is an endemic head and neck cancer in Southern China. The common metastases organs involve bone, lung, and liver. Metastases in the dura and at multiple locations in the brain after a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are extremely rare.Case PresentationWe present a case of a 66-year-old man who initially complained of nasal congestion, epistaxis, and hearing impairment. The biopsy of the nasopharynx lesion showed basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Eight months after conventional therapy, the patient was admitted to our hospital again with the complaint of a headache. A PET/CT scan was performed, revealing multiple metastases. A biopsy of subcutaneous soft tissue from the right upper arm was consistent with the previous biopsy. Palliative chemotherapy was administered. Thereafter, the patient had sudden dysfunction of the right side of the body. MRI demonstrated dural and multiple brain metastases. The therapeutic regimen then consisted of whole-brain radiotherapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy.ConclusionsThis case highlights the diagnosis and treatment of uncommon metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clinicians should remain vigilant for metastases during the treatment and follow-up periods.

scholarly journals Aspects of differential diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis in children under 2 years of age

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpishchenko ◽  
O. Е. Vereshchagina ◽  
E. O. Teplova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Breathing Difficulty

Introduction. Clinical manifestations of rhinitis have a negative impact not only on the physical, social, and psychological health of children, but also on their parents, especially in families with a first child. Nasal congestion, nasal breathing difficulty cause problems with sleep and feeding.Aim of the study. To estimate the occurrence of rhinitis in children under two years old in the outpatient practice of otorhinolar-yngologists, to consider features of the course and differential diagnostics of various rhinitis types, to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal irrigation-elimination therapy in the treatment of acute rhinitis symptoms.Materials and Methods. Between September 2020 and July 2021, 220 patients between 0 to 18 years were managed: preschool-aged patients comprised 120 patients (54.5%), of whom 27 patients under two years old had symptoms of rhinitis, including those with symptoms lasting more than two weeks.Results. Among the patients referred to us, infectious rhinitis was diagnosed in the majority of cases - in 18 patients (66,7%), which can be explained not only by the timing of the study but also by the highest prevalence of this pathology among the diseases of the nasal cavity. Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis occurred in only 4 (14.8%) and 5 (18.5%) persons, respectively. Symptomatic irrigation therapy with saline solutions is just as necessary for young children as it is for older children and adults. Some difficulties in nasal cavity care during rhinitis are the anatomical narrowness of the nasal passages and lack of blowing skills in young children. In these situations, preference should be given to gentle, non-traumatic, gentle aspiration with prior irrigation of the nasal cavity with an isotonic saline solution. When a nasal aspirator was used, there was a decrease in the duration of nasal discharge during the illness and a reduction in the duration of the disease.Conclusion. Rhinitis in young children is a common but underestimated problem. Clinical manifestations are more often associated with typical symptoms: nasal congestion, discharge, nasal breathing difficulty, and sneezing. The use of irrigation-elimination intranasal therapy with the use of a nasal cavity aspirator can reduce the timing of clinical symptoms of rhinitis and reduce the overall duration of the disease.

Jugular foramen involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. H. Chong ◽  
Y. F. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Denervation Atrophy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) may spread posterolaterally with infiltration of the jugular foramen, jugular vein and the cranial nerves IX-XI. Cranial nerve palsies may be evident clinically but the extent of skull base infiltration is best assessed radiologically. Denervation atrophy is well demonstrated by both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Accurate delineation of the lesion is important in prognosis and radiotherapy planning.

scholarly journals Advances in Diagnostic Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5808
Author(s):  
Osamu Manabe ◽  
Noriko Oyama-Manabe ◽  
Tadao Aikawa ◽  
Satonori Tsuneta ◽  
Nagara Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, and its clinical presentation depends on the affected organ. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is one of the leading causes of death among patients with sarcoidosis. The clinical manifestations of CS are heterogeneous, and range from asymptomatic to life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive heart failure due to the extent and location of granulomatous inflammation in the myocardium. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the evaluation of CS because histological diagnoses obtained by myocardial biopsy tend to have lower sensitivity. The diagnosis of CS is challenging, and several approaches, notably those using positron emission tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been reported. Delayed-enhanced computed tomography (CT) may also be used for diagnosing CS in patients with MRI-incompatible devices and allows acceptable evaluation of myocardial hyperenhancement in such patients. This article reviews the advances in imaging techniques for the evaluation of CS.

scholarly journals Design of InnoPrimers-Duplex Real-Time PCR for Detection and Treatment Response Prediction of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Circulating Genetic Biomarker

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1761
Author(s):  
Mai Abdel Haleem Abu Salah ◽  
Siti Asma Binti Hassan ◽  
Norhafiza Mat Lazim ◽  
Baharudin Abdullah ◽  
Wan Fatihah Binti Wan Sohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Genetic Biomarker ◽  
Treatment Response Prediction

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor with high prevalence in southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC is well associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) 30 bp deletion by having its vital role in increased tumorigenicity and decreased immune recognition of EBV-related tumors. This study developed an InnoPrimers-duplex qPCR for detection of NPC blood circulating LMP1 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients. The analytical and diagnostic evaluation and treatment response prediction were conducted using NPC patients’ whole blood (WB) and tissue samples and non-NPC cancer patients and healthy individuals’ WB samples. The assay was able to detect as low as 20 ag DNA per reaction (equivalent to 173 copies) with high specificity against broad reference microorganisms and archive NPC biopsy tissue and FNA samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. The 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker was found to be a good prognostic biomarker associated with overall clinical outcome of NPC WHO type III patients. This sensitive and specific assay can help clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients, which will enhance treatment outcome and lead to better life-saving.

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