The Response of the Gut Microbiota to Dietary Changes in the First Two Years of Life

One of the focuses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment is exercise. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise without dietary changes on NAFLD-related clinical parameters (liver parameters, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites) were screened using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on 13 February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed on 10 studies with 316 individuals who had NAFLD across three exercise regimens: aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of both. No studies investigating the role of gut microbiota and exercise in NAFLD were found. A quality assessment via the (RoB)2 tool was conducted and potential publication bias, statistical outliers, and influential cases were identified. Overall, exercise without significant weight loss significantly reduced the intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content (SMD: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.04, −0.48) and concentrations of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.14), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (SMD: −0.68, 95% CI: −1.21, −0.15), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.66, −0.02), and triglycerides (TG) (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.02). The concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were non-significantly altered. Aerobic exercise alone significantly reduced IHL, ALT, and AST; resistance training alone significantly reduced TC and TG; a combination of both exercise types significantly reduced IHL. To conclude, exercise overall likely had a beneficial effect on alleviating NAFLD without significant weight loss. The study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020221168 and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813781.

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Differences in Fecal Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Bile Acids Link Colorectal Cancer Risk to Dietary Changes Associated with Urbanization Among Zimbabweans

Nutrition and Cancer ◽

10.1080/01635581.2019.1602659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 1313-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Katsidzira ◽

S. Ocvirk ◽

A. Wilson ◽

J. Li ◽

C. B. Mahachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Exposure to foreign gut microbiota can facilitate rapid dietary shifts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96324-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. Heys ◽

A. M. Fisher ◽

A. D. Dewhurst ◽

Z. Lewis ◽

A. Lizé

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Food Resources ◽

Detailed Understanding ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Dietary Preference ◽

Species Management ◽

Dietary Niche ◽

Ecological Shifts ◽

Dietary Shifts ◽

Species Ecology

AbstractDietary niche is fundamental for determining species ecology; thus, a detailed understanding of what drives variation in dietary niche is vital for predicting ecological shifts and could have implications for species management. Gut microbiota can be important for determining an organism’s dietary preference, and therefore which food resources they are likely to exploit. Evidence for whether the composition of the gut microbiota is plastic in response to changes in diet is mixed. Also, the extent to which dietary preference can be changed following colonisation by new gut microbiota from different species is unknown. Here, we use Drosophila spp. to show that: (1) the composition of an individual’s gut microbiota can change in response to dietary changes, and (2) ingestion of foreign gut microbes can cause individuals to be attracted to food types they previously had a strong aversion to. Thus, we expose a mechanism for facilitating rapid shifts in dietary niche over short evolutionary timescales.

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Dynamics of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Gut Microbiota Throughout the Overwintering Period in Canada

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8081146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naomie Bleau ◽

Sidki Bouslama ◽

Pierre Giovenazzo ◽

Nicolas Derome

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Weather Impact ◽

Before And After ◽

Food Digestion ◽

Microbial Symbionts ◽

Honeybee Health

Microbial symbionts inhabiting the honeybee gut (i.e., gut microbiota) are essential for food digestion, immunity, and gut protection of their host. The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota is dynamic throughout the honeybee life cycle and the foraging season. However, it remains unclear how drastic changes occurring in winter, such as food shortage and cold weather, impact gut microbiota dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota of the honeybee during the overwintering period in a northern temperate climate in Canada. The microbiota of nine honeybee colonies was characterized by metataxonomy of 16S rDNA between September 2017 and June 2018. Overall, the results showed that microbiota taxonomic composition experienced major compositional shifts in fall and spring. From September to November, Enterobacteriaceae decreased, while Neisseriaceae increased. From April to June, Orbaceae increased, whereas Rhizobiaceae nearly disappeared. Bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota decreased drastically before and after overwintering, but it remained stable during winter. We conclude that the honeybee gut microbiota is likely to be impacted by the important meteorological and dietary changes that take place before and after the overwintering period. Laboratory trials are needed to determine how the observed variations affect the honeybee health.

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Fermented Foods and Beverages in Human Diet and Their Influence on Gut Microbiota and Health

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation4040090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nelson Mota de Carvalho ◽

Eduardo M. Costa ◽

Sara Silva ◽

Lígia Pimentel ◽

Tito H. Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Good Health ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Health Food ◽

Human Diet ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

The World

Dietary changes have accompanied the evolution of humanity and is proven to be fundamental in human evolution and well-being. Nutrition is essential for survival and as a matter of health and equilibrium of the human body. About 1/3 of the human diet is composed by fermented foods and beverages, which are widely distributed and consumed in different societies around the world, no matter the culture and lifestyle. Fermented foods are derived from the fermentation process of different substrates by microorganisms, and more importantly to humans, by those with beneficial characteristics, due to the positive impact on health. Food is transformed in the gut, gaining new proprieties, and increasing its value to the organism. The effects of fermented foods and beverages can be assessed by its influence at the gut microbiota level. Recent studies show the major importance of the gut microbiota role in modulating the organism homeostasis and homeorhesis. More crosslinks between health, gut microbiota and diet are being established especially in the gut–brain axis field. Therefore, the benefits of diet, in particularly of fermented foods and beverages, should be studied and pursued in order to promote a good health status.

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Mongolians core gut microbiota and its correlation with seasonal dietary changes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep05001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Jiachao Zhang ◽

Zhuang Guo ◽

Angela An Qi Lim ◽

Yi Zheng ◽

Eileen Y. Koh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Changes

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Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Alzheimer's Disease

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Romanenko ◽

Victor Kholin ◽

Alexander Koliada ◽

Alexander Vaiserman

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Research Findings ◽

Subsequent Risk

Nutrition is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Evidence is obtained that the gut microbiota is a key player in these processes. Dietary changes (both adverse and beneficial) may influence the microbiome composition, thereby affecting the gut-brain axis and the subsequent risk for Alzheimer's disease progression. In this review, the research findings that support the role of intestinal microbiota in connection between nutritional factors and the risk for Alzheimer's disease onset and progression are summarized. The mechanisms potentially involved in these processes as well as the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in therapeutic modulation of contributed pathways are discussed.

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Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Urban Subjects during an Immersion in the Traditional Diet and Lifestyle of a Rainforest Village

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00193-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kelly V. Ruggles ◽

Jincheng Wang ◽

Angelina Volkova ◽

Monica Contreras ◽

Oscar Noya-Alarcon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Reference Collection ◽

Diet And Lifestyle ◽

Microbiota Diversity ◽

Main Factor

ABSTRACT People living traditional lifestyles have higher gut microbiota diversity than urban subjects. We hypothesized that shifting lifestyles from an urban environment to a traditional rainforest village would lead to changes in the microbiota of visitors, which would become more similar to the microbiota of villagers. Here, we characterized at different time points the microbiota of 7 urban visitors (5 adults and 2 children) staying in a rainforest Amerindian village for 16 days and compared them with a reference collection of samples from age-matched local villagers. We performed a 16S rRNA gene survey of samples from multiple body sites (including fecal, oral, nasal, and skin samples) using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The main factor segregating the microbiotas of each body site was the human group (i.e., visitors versus villagers), with the visitor microbiota tending to have lower alpha diversity; the lowered alpha diversity was statistically significant in the microbiota of skin and in the children’s fecal and oral microbiota. During the rainforest period, all visitors experienced microbiota changes within their personal cloud of variation. For all body sites, the microbiota conformations in the visitor children better matched the microbiota conformations in villagers of the same age than did those of the visitor adults, which showed a lower “microbiota age” than the microbiota of the villagers. The results suggest higher stability in the adult microbiota, with the less resilient children’s microbiota responding more to dietary changes. IMPORTANCE Despite the limitations of a small study, our results evidence higher resilience of the gut microbiota with respect to dietary manipulation in adults than in children and urge further studies to understand the extent of microbiota plasticity in response to dietary changes and the mechanisms underlying microbiota resilience. These studies are relevant to the potential of future human pre- and probiotics in preventing or curing microbiota-associated diseases.

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