scholarly journals Exposure to foreign gut microbiota can facilitate rapid dietary shifts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Heys ◽  
A. M. Fisher ◽  
A. D. Dewhurst ◽  
Z. Lewis ◽  
A. Lizé
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Ecological Shifts ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Species Ecology

AbstractDietary niche is fundamental for determining species ecology; thus, a detailed understanding of what drives variation in dietary niche is vital for predicting ecological shifts and could have implications for species management. Gut microbiota can be important for determining an organism’s dietary preference, and therefore which food resources they are likely to exploit. Evidence for whether the composition of the gut microbiota is plastic in response to changes in diet is mixed. Also, the extent to which dietary preference can be changed following colonisation by new gut microbiota from different species is unknown. Here, we use Drosophila spp. to show that: (1) the composition of an individual’s gut microbiota can change in response to dietary changes, and (2) ingestion of foreign gut microbes can cause individuals to be attracted to food types they previously had a strong aversion to. Thus, we expose a mechanism for facilitating rapid shifts in dietary niche over short evolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Longitudinal development of the gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic piglets induced by age‐related dietary changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Yang ◽  
Xiaoyu Huang ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Zunqiang Yan ◽  
Wenyang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Age Related

Ontogenetic dietary shifts of fishes in an Australian floodplain river

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Floodplain River ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The early life of fishes is marked by rapid development when individuals are thought to optimise their success through ontogeny by altering ecological niches and resources. Since most fish larvae are thought to require small prey items at first feeding, competition for potentially limiting food resources may occur between species creating a juvenile bottleneck, which may, in turn, influence future recruitment strength. The diets of the early life stages of most Australian freshwater fish are poorly known. The present study investigated the ontogenetic dietary patterns of six species of fish in an Australian floodplain river. A large proportion of first-feeding larvae of three species (Murray cod, Australian smelt and carp) were able to feed externally while still retaining their yolk sac. All species demonstrated major dietary shifts from newly hatched larvae through development into juvenile stages and adulthood. Only a few minor overlaps in diet were found, with greater overlaps commonly occurring between sequential stages of the same species, reflecting subtle ontogenetic changes. Despite two co-occurrences of an introduced and a native species using the same rearing habitat as larvae, dietary preferences did not significantly overlap, suggesting that a recruitment bottleneck caused by competition for food resources is unlikely for these species.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Exercise Intervention without Weight Loss and Dietary Changes in NAFLD-Related Clinical Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3135
Author(s):  
Ambrin Farizah Babu ◽  
Susanne Csader ◽  
Johnson Lok ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Kati Hanhineva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Dietary Changes

One of the focuses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment is exercise. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise without dietary changes on NAFLD-related clinical parameters (liver parameters, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites) were screened using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on 13 February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed on 10 studies with 316 individuals who had NAFLD across three exercise regimens: aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of both. No studies investigating the role of gut microbiota and exercise in NAFLD were found. A quality assessment via the (RoB)2 tool was conducted and potential publication bias, statistical outliers, and influential cases were identified. Overall, exercise without significant weight loss significantly reduced the intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content (SMD: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.04, −0.48) and concentrations of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.14), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (SMD: −0.68, 95% CI: −1.21, −0.15), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.66, −0.02), and triglycerides (TG) (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.02). The concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were non-significantly altered. Aerobic exercise alone significantly reduced IHL, ALT, and AST; resistance training alone significantly reduced TC and TG; a combination of both exercise types significantly reduced IHL. To conclude, exercise overall likely had a beneficial effect on alleviating NAFLD without significant weight loss. The study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020221168 and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813781.

scholarly journals Orthogonal dietary niche enables reversible engraftment of a gut bacterial commensal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Sean M. Gibbons ◽  
SE Erdman ◽  
EJ Alm
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Dietary Niche

ABSTRACTInterest in manipulating the gut microbiota to treat disease has led to a need for understanding how organisms can establish themselves when introduced into a host with an intact microbial community. While probiotic or prebiotic approaches typically lead to a transient pulse in an organism’s abundance, persistent establishment of an introduced species may require alternative strategies. Here, we introduce the concept of orthogonal niche engineering in the gut, where we include a resource typically absent from the diet, seaweed, to establish a customized niche for an introduced organism. We show that in the short term, co-introduction of this resource at 1% in the diet along with an organism with exclusive access to this resource,B. plebeiusDSM 17135, enables it to colonize at a median abundance of 1%, frequently increasing in abundance to 10 or more percent. We construct a mathematical model of the system to infer thatB. plebeiuscompetitively acquires endogenous resources. We provide evidence that it competes with native commensals to achieve its observed abundance. We observe a diet-dependent loss in seaweed responsiveness ofB. plebeiusin the long term and show the potential for IgA-mediated control of putative invaders by the immune system. These results point to the potential for diet-based intervention as a means to introduce target organisms, but also indicate potential modes for failure of this strategy in the long term.

Effects of dietary shifts on the stable isotope signature of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and implications for traceability

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Natalee Kokkuar ◽  
Cui Han ◽  
Wenjing Ren ◽  
Shuanglin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Isotopic Equilibrium ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Dietary Shifts

Because the number of mislabelled seafood products in the globalised market is increasing, there is a need for additional effective technologies to trace the origin of these products. Several issues need to be clarified regarding the δ13C and δ15N analyses used to trace seafood products in order to increase their reliability. Herein, a laboratory experiment involving dietary shifts was conducted with shrimp culture to demonstrate that dietary changes elicit isotope changes. Feeding shrimp four different food sources with different isotope values revealed a significant relationship for δ13C and δ15N values between shrimp and food sources (P<0.05). The shrimp fed different brands of commercial feed had significantly different δ15N values (P<0.05), but not the δ13C values (P>0.05) at the end of the study. However, the δ13C and δ15N values for shrimp that were fed live food were much higher than those for shrimp fed on commercial feed (P<0.05), indicating that it is more reliable to distinguish seafood products using a method with distinctively different food sources. The shrimp rapidly achieve isotopic equilibrium with their diets after 3 weeks, and, for traceability, it is recommended to sample shrimp being consistently fed with one feed for more than 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Gut Microbiota Throughout the Overwintering Period in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomie Bleau ◽  
Sidki Bouslama ◽  
Pierre Giovenazzo ◽  
Nicolas Derome
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Digestion ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Honeybee Health

Microbial symbionts inhabiting the honeybee gut (i.e., gut microbiota) are essential for food digestion, immunity, and gut protection of their host. The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota is dynamic throughout the honeybee life cycle and the foraging season. However, it remains unclear how drastic changes occurring in winter, such as food shortage and cold weather, impact gut microbiota dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota of the honeybee during the overwintering period in a northern temperate climate in Canada. The microbiota of nine honeybee colonies was characterized by metataxonomy of 16S rDNA between September 2017 and June 2018. Overall, the results showed that microbiota taxonomic composition experienced major compositional shifts in fall and spring. From September to November, Enterobacteriaceae decreased, while Neisseriaceae increased. From April to June, Orbaceae increased, whereas Rhizobiaceae nearly disappeared. Bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota decreased drastically before and after overwintering, but it remained stable during winter. We conclude that the honeybee gut microbiota is likely to be impacted by the important meteorological and dietary changes that take place before and after the overwintering period. Laboratory trials are needed to determine how the observed variations affect the honeybee health.

scholarly journals Fermented Foods and Beverages in Human Diet and Their Influence on Gut Microbiota and Health

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Mota de Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo M. Costa ◽  
Sara Silva ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Tito H. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
The World

Dietary changes have accompanied the evolution of humanity and is proven to be fundamental in human evolution and well-being. Nutrition is essential for survival and as a matter of health and equilibrium of the human body. About 1/3 of the human diet is composed by fermented foods and beverages, which are widely distributed and consumed in different societies around the world, no matter the culture and lifestyle. Fermented foods are derived from the fermentation process of different substrates by microorganisms, and more importantly to humans, by those with beneficial characteristics, due to the positive impact on health. Food is transformed in the gut, gaining new proprieties, and increasing its value to the organism. The effects of fermented foods and beverages can be assessed by its influence at the gut microbiota level. Recent studies show the major importance of the gut microbiota role in modulating the organism homeostasis and homeorhesis. More crosslinks between health, gut microbiota and diet are being established especially in the gut–brain axis field. Therefore, the benefits of diet, in particularly of fermented foods and beverages, should be studied and pursued in order to promote a good health status.

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